Constitutional law for the criminal justice professional

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW for the CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROFESSIONAL......Page 2
Preface......Page 4
About the Author......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 7
Amendment V......Page 14
Amendment XI......Page 15
Amendment XIV 3......Page 16
Amendment XV......Page 17
Amendment XIX......Page 18
Amendment XXI......Page 19
Amendment XXIV......Page 20
Amendment XXVI......Page 21
Endnotes......Page 22
Section 2......Page 24
Section 3......Page 25
Section 6......Page 26
Section 8......Page 27
Section 9......Page 28
Section 10......Page 29
Section 1......Page 30
Section 3......Page 31
Section 3......Page 32
Section 4......Page 33
Article VII......Page 34
II.Development of the Term......Page 36
Section One: Introduction to Constitutional Law......Page 35
III.The Constitution as a Paradigm......Page 37
A. The English Charters......Page 39
B. The Colonial Charters......Page 41
II.Americans and the Revolution......Page 42
A. The Articles of Confederation......Page 44
B. The Post-War Rebellions......Page 45
I.Creating the Federal System......Page 60
Section 2.......Page 58
Section 3.......Page 59
II.One Supreme Court......Page 61
A. Creation of the Courts......Page 63
B. Abolition of Courts......Page 64
C. Compensation of Judges......Page 65
V.Bankruptcy Courts......Page 66
I.Characteristics and Attributes of Judicial Power......Page 68
A. Getting into Federal Court......Page 69
B. Choosing between State and Federal Court......Page 70
IV.Sanctions Other Than Contempt......Page 72
VI.Habeas Corpus: Congressional and Judicial Control......Page 73
Endnotes......Page 74
I.The Establishment of Judicial Review......Page 76
A. Marbury v. Madison......Page 77
II.Limitations on the Exercise of Judicial Review......Page 78
C. Presumption of Constitutionality......Page 80
Endnotes......Page 81
A. Early Work by the Founders......Page 84
Amendment Text......Page 83
B. Shaping an Amendment......Page 85
II.“Establishment of Religion?......Page 86
A. Financial Assistance to Church-Related Institutions......Page 87
B. Government Encouragement of Religion in Public Schools......Page 89
III.Development of Other Legal Standards......Page 91
A. Adoption and the Common Law Background......Page 106
B. Is There a Difference between Speech and Press?......Page 109
II.The Doctrine of Prior Restraint......Page 110
III. Injunctions and the Press in Fair Trial Cases......Page 111
IV.Obscenity and Prior Restraint......Page 112
I.Background and Development......Page 122
Endnotes......Page 124
I.History of the Amendment......Page 127
Amendment Text......Page 126
A. Search without a Warrant......Page 129
C. The Interest Protected......Page 131
Endnotes......Page 134
I.What is a Seizure?......Page 136
II.Detention Short of Arrest: Stop-and-Frisk......Page 137
Endnotes......Page 140
II.Issuance by Neutral Magistrate......Page 142
III.Probable Cause......Page 143
IV.Particularity......Page 145
VI.Property Subject to Seizure......Page 147
Endnotes......Page 148
I.Knock and Announce......Page 150
III.Third Parties on the Premises......Page 152
Endnotes......Page 153
II.Search Incident to Arrest......Page 154
III.Vehicular Searches......Page 157
IV.Vessel Searches......Page 159
V.Consent Searches......Page 160
VI.Border Searches......Page 161
I.Development of the Early Standard......Page 170
II.Evolution to a Modern Standard of Judicial Scrutiny......Page 172
III.Warrantless “National Security? Electronic Surveillance......Page 173
Endnotes......Page 175
I.The Exclusionary Rule......Page 176
II.The Foundations of the Exclusionary Rule......Page 177
III.Narrowing Application of the Exclusionary Rule......Page 178
IV.Alternatives to the Exclusionary Rule......Page 179
Endnotes......Page 180
I.Developing a Right......Page 183
Amendment Text......Page 182
II.Indictment and Infamous Crimes......Page 186
Endnotes......Page 187
I.Development and Scope......Page 188
III.Concurrent and Overlapping Jurisdictions......Page 189
IV.Subsequent Prosecution Following Mistrial......Page 190
V.Subsequent Prosecution Following Acquittal......Page 193
VI.Reprosecution Following Conviction......Page 194
VIII. Double Jeopardy and “The Same Offense?......Page 195
I.Development and Scope......Page 201
III.Application of the Privilege: Persons......Page 202
IV.The Power to Compel Testimony and Disclosure: Immunity......Page 203
V.Required Records Doctrine......Page 205
VI.Confessions and Police Interrogation: Initial Application of Due Process......Page 207
VIII.State Confession Cases......Page 208
I.Introduction......Page 214
II.Miranda v. Arizona: The Case......Page 215
III.Other Interpretations of Miranda......Page 217
IV.Assertion of the Rights and Application of the Warnings......Page 220
I.History of the Protection......Page 227
II.Scope of the Guaranty......Page 228
III.Procedural Due Process......Page 229
IV.Substantive Due Process......Page 230
Endnotes......Page 231
A. Source and Rationale......Page 233
Amendment Text......Page 232
B. Application and Scope......Page 234
C. When the Right is Denied......Page 235
III.Public Trial......Page 236
Endnotes......Page 237
II.The Attributes of the Jury......Page 239
III.Criminal Proceedings to Which the Guarantee Applies......Page 240
IV.Impartial Jury......Page 241
Endnotes......Page 246
I.Notice of Accusation......Page 249
II.Confrontation......Page 250
Endnotes......Page 253
I.Development of an Absolute Right to Counsel at Trial......Page 255
II.Protection of the Right to Retained Counsel......Page 257
IV.Right to Self-Representation......Page 258
A. Judicial Proceedings before Trial......Page 259
B. Pre-Charge Issues: Custodial Interrogation......Page 260
II.Standards of Bail......Page 270
Amendment Text......Page 269
Endnotes......Page 273
II.Standards for Cruel and Unusual Punishment......Page 275
IV.Defining “Cruel and Unusual Punishments?......Page 276
V.Specific Issues in Capital Punishment......Page 278
A. Capital Punishment for Other Offenses: Rape and Non-Murder Cases......Page 282
B. Felony Murder......Page 283
C. Race......Page 284
I.Convictions Based on Status......Page 292
II.Prisons and Punishment......Page 293
Endnotes......Page 294
I.The Development of Substantive Due Process......Page 298
Amendment Text......Page 296
III.Health, Safety, and Morals......Page 300
Endnotes......Page 301
II.The Elements of Due Process: Definiteness......Page 303
III.Statutory Notice......Page 305
IV.Entrapment......Page 306
V.Criminal Identification Process......Page 307
VII.Fair Trial......Page 308
VIII.Guilty Pleas......Page 309