Confucian Rituals and Chinese Villagers: Ritual Change and Social Transformation in a Southeastern Chinese Community, 1368-1949

Contents......Page 5
List of Tables, Figures, Illustrations, and Maps......Page 9
Terms for Measures and Money......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Part One Introduction......Page 17
Chapter One Confucian Rituals in Late Imperial Chinese State and Society......Page 19
Commoners, Confucian Rituals, and Neo-Confucianism......Page 20
The Appropriation of Confucian Rituals......Page 24
A Social History of Rituals in Sibao......Page 29
Principal Themes......Page 33
Sources......Page 36
Tingzhou: Banditry, Ethnicity, and the State......Page 39
Sibao: Making a Center out of a Periphery......Page 48
Part Two Lisheng as Cultural Mediators......Page 61
Chapter Three Who Are Lisheng?......Page 63
Lisheng in the Imperial State......Page 64
Lisheng in Late Imperial and Modern Chinese Society......Page 68
A Summary of Rituals in Sibao......Page 78
Who Are Lisheng?......Page 81
Ritual Formats......Page 87
Lisheng in Action......Page 93
A Summary of Manuals of Sacrificial Texts......Page 102
Who Wrote the Texts?......Page 105
Part Three Lineage, Ritual, and Corporate Estates......Page 121
Chapter Five The Creation of a Lineage Society......Page 123
The Mas of Mawu......Page 125
The Zous of Wuge......Page 136
The Yans of Yanwu......Page 145
Ancestors, Genealogy, and Lineage Building......Page 148
Ancestral Rites......Page 159
Land, Lineage, and Local Elite......Page 163
The Limits of Lineage Building......Page 173
Part Four A Strange Community Compact?......Page 181
Chapter Seven Community Compacts, Village Rituals, and Local Society......Page 183
Community Compacts in Late Imperial Sibao......Page 187
Villages and Descent Groups around Shangbao......Page 195
The Making of a Community Compact......Page 198
Shangbao Compact and Local Society......Page 209
Part Five The Worship of Gods......Page 219
Chapter Eight Gods, Ancestors, and Demons......Page 221
Gods and Temples in Pre-Ming Sibao......Page 225
When a God Became an Ancestor......Page 227
Shegong in Pre-Ming Tingzhou......Page 236
Lishe Altars and Xiangli Altars Since the Ming......Page 238
Legends of Shegong and Ritual Masters......Page 244
Temple Building and Village Identity......Page 255
Guandi and Village Identity......Page 258
Construction of the Tianhou Temple at the Laijiaxu Market......Page 262
Opening a Market in the Eighteenth Century......Page 265
The Tianhou Temple of Shangbao......Page 272
The Genealogy of a Grand Narrative......Page 279
Cultural Hybridization as a Historical Process......Page 284
Appendices......Page 289
Appendix One Jinshi (Metropolitan Graduates) in Late Imperial Tingzhou......Page 291
Appendix Two Lisheng and the Rituals Performed by Them in Tingzhou......Page 292
Appendix Three Fifty Sibao Jiwenben (I): Basic Facts......Page 295
Appendix Four Fifty Sibao Jiwenben (II): Breakdown of Contents......Page 299
Appendix Five Five Prohibitions of the Shangbao Compact......Page 301
Appendix Six Villages and Surnames in Sibao......Page 305
Appendix Seven Temples and Gods in the Sibao Basin......Page 307
Appendix Eight Gods and Texts Dedicated to Them in Three Sibao Jiwenben......Page 314
Bibliography......Page 317
Index......Page 339