Conflict of Laws in a Globalized World

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Bibliographical Note......Page 13
Contributors......Page 17
Section I Remembering Arthur Taylor Von Mehren......Page 19
1 The Last Euro-American Legal Scholar?: Arthur Taylor von Mehren (1922–2006)......Page 21
2 Arthur Taylor von Mehren and the Joseph Story Research Fellowship......Page 24
I Introduction......Page 28
II “All the World His Stage”:4 Life and Career......Page 29
B Books......Page 32
C Contributions to the International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law......Page 36
D Pioneering Articles......Page 37
IV Negotiating International Conventions......Page 39
V Teaching at Harvard......Page 41
VI The Joseph Story Fellow Program......Page 42
VII Conclusion......Page 44
Section II Transatlantic Litigation and Judicial Cooperation in Civil and Commercial Matters......Page 45
I Introduction......Page 47
1 Required, Excluded, and Permitted Bases......Page 50
2 Direct and Indirect Jurisdiction......Page 53
3 Single and Double Conventions......Page 57
4 Mixed Conventions......Page 59
III The Nine Possible Categories for Bases of Jurisdiction......Page 61
1 Required–Required......Page 63
2 Required–Permitted......Page 64
4 Permitted–Required......Page 65
5 Permitted–Permitted......Page 66
6 Permitted–Excluded......Page 67
7 Excluded–Required......Page 68
8 Excluded–Permitted......Page 69
IV A New Typology of Conventions......Page 70
1 State of Nature......Page 71
2 Single and Double Conventions......Page 72
3 Pure and Mixed Conventions......Page 74
4 Positive, Negative, and Bivalent Conventions......Page 75
5 Symmetric and Asymmetric Conventions......Page 77
V Consequences......Page 79
Introduction......Page 81
I Purpose and Significance of Choice-of-Court Agreements
in Practice......Page 83
1 Positive Scope......Page 85
2 Exclusions from the Scope of the Convention......Page 89
1 Obligation of the Chosen Court......Page 91
2 Obligations of a Court Not Chosen......Page 93
IV Recognition and Enforcement......Page 96
2 The Basic Rule......Page 97
3 Exceptions......Page 98
4 Damage Awards......Page 101
V The Convention and E.U. Law......Page 102
VI Summary and Final Reflections......Page 103
I Introduction......Page 107
II Different Approaches to Lis Pendens where Declaratory Relief Is Sought......Page 109
1 The European Position: First-in-Time Rule......Page 110
2 The Problems Caused by the First-in-Time Rule......Page 111
3 The German Approach to Local Matters: Displacement Rule......Page 113
III Suggested Application of Lis Pendens and Related Tools to International Controversies outside the Scope of the Brussels......Page 114
1 Coercive Action in the Forum, Followed by a Negative Declaratory Action Abroad......Page 115
3 Negative Declaratory Action in the Forum, Followed by a Coercive Action Abroad......Page 116
IV Conclusion......Page 117
Introduction......Page 119
B Punitive and Treble Damages......Page 121
C Class-Action Suits......Page 123
D Discovery......Page 124
F American Rule on Costs......Page 125
H Summary to I.......Page 126
A. The Constitutional Court’s 1994 Decision and Its Progeny......Page 127
B The Napster Decision of 2003......Page 131
C The Boehringer Case......Page 135
III Impact of Intransigence......Page 138
B Creating Obstacles for American Courts......Page 139
C Preventing the Recognition of an American Judgment......Page 140
Conclusion......Page 141
I Introduction......Page 144
II The Current State of Collective Litigation in German Civil Procedure......Page 146
III Background and Aims of the Act......Page 150
1 Scope......Page 152
2 The Three-Step Procedure......Page 153
3 Effect on Class Members......Page 156
4 Costs......Page 157
1 The New Exclusive Basis for Jurisdiction in ZPO § 32b......Page 158
2 Consequences for Jurisdiction......Page 159
3 Consequences for Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments......Page 161
4 Political Background......Page 162
5 Practical Effects......Page 163
VI Conclusion......Page 165
Section III Choice of Law in Transatlantic Relationships......Page 169
I Introduction......Page 171
1 The Supremacy of Party Autonomy in Europe and the United States......Page 173
2 The Limitations to Party Autonomy in Europe and the United States......Page 176
1 The Supremacy of Party Autonomy as Victory of Efficiency......Page 194
2 The Limitations to Party Autonomy as an Expression of Market Failure......Page 195
IV Summary and Conclusion......Page 200
A Hotel Maritime......Page 202
C National Football League v. PrimeTime 24 Joint Venture......Page 203
III Lex Loci Protectionis v. Lex Originis......Page 204
A The Comparative Scene......Page 206
B Recent Codification Projects......Page 211
C Critical Evaluation......Page 220
B Unregistered Rights......Page 226
A Multitude of Legal Systems......Page 227
B Extraterritorial Application......Page 229
C Possible Solutions and Critical Evaluation......Page 230
VI Conclusion......Page 237
Introduction......Page 238
I Extraterritoriality in U.S. Case Law......Page 239
A  U.S.  Extraterritorialism and Foreign Interests......Page 240
B    The  Empagran  Judgment......Page 242
II The U.S. Supreme Court’s judgment in a Multinational Legal Context......Page 244
A The Spread of Antitrust Legislation and International Restraints of Competition......Page 245
B    Comity and the Boundaries of Extraterritoriality in Antitrust......Page 250
C The U.S. Supreme Court’s Method for Establishing
a Violation of Prescriptive Comity......Page 254
D    A Comparative Law    Approach as Alternative......Page 257
III Conclusion......Page 259
I Introduction......Page 261
II Arthur von Mehren’s Perspective on Choice
of Law in International Arbitration......Page 263
III Teubnerian Global Law without a State and Choice of Law......Page 265
1 Some Reflections on Legal Theory......Page 266
2 Some Basics on Teubner’s “Autopoietic” Legal Theory......Page 267
3 The Desire to Expand Autopoietic (Law) Systems......Page 269
4 Autoconstitutionalization as Control of Expansion......Page 270
5 Autopoietic Law Systems and their “Intersystemic” Conflicts Rules......Page 271
6 Inherent Tendency toward Mandatory Elements in “Intersystemic”
Conflicts Rules for International Arbitration?......Page 274
IV A Kelsenian Counterpoint......Page 276
1 Exclusive Validity of “Law”......Page 277
2 Kelsenian Law without a State: “Primitive Legal Orders”......Page 278
3 International Arbitration as a Kelsenian Primitive Legal Order?......Page 279
4 Mandatory Elements in the Choice-of-Law Process......Page 281
V Conclusion......Page 283
I Introduction......Page 285
II The Belle Harbor Decision......Page 287
A The United States......Page 289
B Germany, France, and a New Hague Convention......Page 290
IV Punitive Damages as applied to Foreign Defendants: The
Anatomy of a Conflict......Page 292
A The Interest Analysis Test......Page 293
B The Restatement of Conflicts Test......Page 300
C Conclusion......Page 306
V Belle Harbor  Revisited and Outlook......Page 307
Index......Page 309