Computing Essentials 2019

Cover
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU
	Introduction
	Information Systems
	People
	Software
		System Software
		Application Software
	Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program
	Hardware
		Types of Computers
		Personal Computer Hardware
	Data
	Connectivity and the Mobile Internet
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
2 THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
	Introduction
	The Internet and the Web
	Making IT work for you: Online Entertainment
	Internet Access
		Providers
		Browsers
	Web Utilities
		Filters
		File Transfer Utilities
		Internet Security Suites
	Communication
		Social Networking
		Blogs, Microblogs, Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis
		E-mail
		Messaging
	Search Tools
		Search Engines
		Specialized Search Engines
		Content Evaluation
	Electronic Commerce
		Security
	Cloud Computing
	The Internet of Things
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Let the Computer Take the Wheel
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
	Introduction
	Application Software
		User Interface
		Common Features
	General-Purpose Applications
		Word Processors
		Spreadsheets
		Presentation Software
		Database Management Systems
	Specialized Applications
		Graphics
		Video Game Design Software
		Web Authoring Programs
		Other Specialized Applications
	Pointing Devices
		Mouse
		Touch Screen
		Game Controllers
		Stylus
	Mobile Apps
		Apps
		App Stores
	Software Suites
		Office Suites
		Cloud Computing
		Specialized and Utility Suites
	Careers in IT
	Making IT work for you: Working Together Online
	A Look to the Future: VR and AR Applications in the Workplace
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
	Introduction
	System Software
	Operating Systems
		Functions
		Features
		Categories
	Mobile Operating Systems
	Desktop Operating Systems
		Windows
		macOS
		UNIX and Linux
		Virtualization
	Utilities
	Making IT work for you: Virtual Assistant
		Windows Utilities
		Utility Suites
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
5 THE SYSTEM UNIT
	Introduction
	System Unit
		Desktops
		Laptops
		Tablets
	Making IT work for you: Gaming
		Smartphones
		Wearable Computers
		Components
	System Board
	Microprocessor
		Microprocessor Chips
		Specialty Processors
	Memory
		RAM
		ROM
		Flash Memory
	Expansion Slots and Cards
	Bus Lines
		Expansion Buses
	Ports
		Standard Ports
		Specialized Ports
		Cables
	Power Supply
	Electronic Data and Instructions
		Numeric Representation
		Character Encoding
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Brain–Computer Interfaces
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
6 INPUT AND OUTPUT
	Introduction
	What Is Input?
	Keyboard Entry
		Keyboards
	Pointing Devices
		Mouse
		Touch Screen
		Game Controllers
		Stylus
	Scanning Devices
		Optical Scanners
		Card Readers
		Bar Code Readers
		RFID Readers
		Character and Mark Recognition Devices
	Image Capturing Devices
		Digital Cameras
		Webcams
	Audio-Input Devices
		Voice Recognition Systems
	What Is Output?
	Monitors
		Features
		Flat-Panel Monitors
		E-book Readers
		Other Monitors
	Printers
		Features
		Inkjet Printers
		Laser Printers
		3D Printers
		Other Printers
	Audio-Output Devices
	Combination Input and Output Devices
		Headsets
		Multifunctional Devices
		Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers
		Drones
	Making IT work for you: Head-Mounted Displays
		Robots
	Ergonomics
		Portable Computers
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: The Internet of Things
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
7 SECONDARY STORAGE
	Introduction
	Storage
	Hard Disks
		Internal Hard Disk
		External Hard Drives
		Performance Enhancements
	Solid-State Storage
		Solid-State Drives
		Flash Memory Cards
		USB Drives
	Optical Discs
	Cloud Storage
	Making IT work for you: Cloud Storage
	Mass Storage Devices
		Enterprise Storage System
		Storage Area Network
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Next-Generation Storage
		Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
8 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
	Introduction
	Communications
		Connectivity
		The Wireless Revolution
		Communication Systems
	Communication Channels
		Physical Connections
		Wireless Connections
	Connection Devices
		Modems
		Connection Service
	Making IT work for you: The Mobile Office
	Data Transmission
		Bandwidth
		Protocols
	Networks
		Terms
	Network Types
		Local Area Networks
		Home Networks
		Wireless LAN
		Personal Area Network
		Metropolitan Area Networks
		Wide Area Networks
	Network Architecture
		Topologies
		Strategies
	Organizational Networks
		Internet Technologies
		Network Security
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Telepresence Lets You Be There without Actually Being There Visual
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
9 PRIVACY, SECURITY, AND ETHICS
	Introduction
	People
	Privacy
		Large Databases
		Private Networks
		The Internet and the Web
		Online Identity
		Major Laws on Privacy
	Security
		Cybercrime
		Social Engineering
		Malicious Software
		Malicious Hardware
		Measures to Protect Computer Security
	Ethics
		Copyright and Digital Rights Management
	Making IT work for you: Security and Technology
		Cyberbullying
		Plagiarism
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: End of Anonymity
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
10 INFORMATION SYSTEMS
	Introduction
	Organizational Information Flow
		Functions
		Management Levels
		Information Flow
	Computer-Based Information Systems
	Transaction Processing Systems
	Management Information Systems
	Decision Support Systems
	Executive Support Systems
	Other Information Systems
		Expert Systems
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: IBM's Watson: The Ultimate Information-Finding Machine
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
11 DATABASES
	Introduction
	Data
	Data Organization
		Key Field
		Batch versus Real-Time Processing
	Databases
		Need for Databases
		Database Management
	DBMS Structure
		Hierarchical Database
		Network Database
		Relational Database
		Multidimensional Database
		Object-Oriented Database
	Types of Databases
		Individual
		Company
		Distributed
		Commercial
	Database Uses and Issues
		Strategic Uses
		Security
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: The Future of Crime Databases
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
12 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
	Introduction
	Systems Analysis and Design
	Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation
		Defining the Problem
		Suggesting Alternative Systems
		Preparing a Short Report
	Phase 2: Systems Analysis
		Gathering Data
		Analyzing the Data
		Documenting Systems Analysis
	Phase 3: Systems Design
		Designing Alternative Systems
		Selecting the Best System
		Writing the Systems Design Report
	Phase 4: Systems Development
		Acquiring Software
		Acquiring Hardware
		Testing the New System
	Phase 5: Systems Implementation
		Types of Conversion
		Training
	Phase 6: Systems Maintenance
	Prototyping and Rapid Applications Development
		Prototyping
		Rapid Applications Development
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: The Challenge of Keeping Pace
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
13 PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES
	Introduction
	Programs and Programming
		What Is a Program?
		What Is Programming?
	Step 1: Program Specification
		Program Objectives
		Desired Output
		Input Data
		Processing Requirements
		Program Specifications Document
	Step 2: Program Design
		Top-Down Program Design
		Pseudocode
		Flowcharts
		Logic Structures
	Step 3: Program Code
		The Good Program
		Coding
	Step 4: Program Test
		Syntax Errors
		Logic Errors
		Testing Process
	Step 5: Program Documentation
	Step 6: Program Maintenance
		Operations
		Changing Needs
	CASE and OOP
		CASE Tools
		Object-Oriented Software Development
	Generations of Programming Languages
		Machine Languages: The First Generation
		Assembly Languages: The Second Generation
		High-Level Procedural Languages: The Third Generation
		Task-Oriented Languages: The Fourth Generation
		Problem and Constraint Languages: The Fifth Generation
	Careers in IT
	A Look to the Future: Your Own Programmable Robot
	Visual Summary
	Key Terms
	Multiple Choice
	Matching
	Open-Ended
	Discussion
	The Evolution of the Computer Age
	The Computer Buyer's Guide
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Subject Index
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