Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective, 2nd Edition

Table of Contents

Cover

Computer Systems - A Programmer\'s Perspective

ISBN-13: 9780136108047 ISBN-10: 0136108040

Contents

Preface

About the Authors

1 A Tour of Computer Systems

  1.1 Information Is Bits + Context
  1.2 Programs Are Translated by Other Programs into Different Forms
  1.3 It Pays to Understand How Compilation Systems Work
  1.4 Processors Read and Interpret Instructions Stored in Memory
      1.4.1 Hardware Organization of a System
      1.4.2 Running the hello Program
  1.5 Caches Matter
  1.6 Storage Devices Form a Hierarchy
  1.7 The Operating System Manages the Hardware
      1.7.1 Processes
      1.7.2 Threads
      1.7.3 Virtual Memory
      1.7.4 Files
  1.8 Systems Communicate with Other Systems Using Networks
  1.9 Important Themes
      1.9.1 Concurrency and Parallelism
      1.9.2 The Importance of Abstractions in Computer Systems
  1.10 Summary
  Bibliographic Notes

Part I: Program Structure and Execution

  2 Representing and Manipulating Information
      2.1 Information Storage
      2.2 Integer Representations
      2.3 Integer Arithmetic
      2.4 Floating Point
      2.5 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  3 Machine-Level Representation of Programs
      3.1 A Historical Perspective
      3.2 Program Encodings
      3.3 Data Formats
      3.4 Accessing Information
      3.5 Arithmetic and Logical Operations
      3.6 Control
      3.7 Procedures
      3.8 Array Allocation and Access
      3.9 Heterogeneous Data Structures
      3.10 Putting It Together: Understanding Pointers
      3.11 Life in the Real World: Using the GDB Debugger
      3.12 Out-of-Bounds Memory References and Buffer Overflow
      3.13 x86-64: Extending IA32 to 64 Bits
      3.14 Machine-Level Representations of Floating-Point Programs
      3.15 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  4 Processor Architecture
      4.1 The Y86 Instruction Set Architecture
      4.2 Logic Design and the Hardware Control Language HCL
      4.3 Sequential Y86 Implementations
      4.4 General Principles of Pipelining
      4.5 Pipelined Y86 Implementations
      4.6 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  5 Optimizing Program Performance
      5.1 Capabilities and Limitations of Optimizing Compilers
      5.2 Expressing Program Performance
      5.3 Program Example
      5.4 Eliminating Loop Inefficiencies
      5.5 Reducing Procedure Calls
      5.6 Eliminating Unneeded Memory References
      5.7 Understanding Modern Processors
      5.8 Loop Unrolling
      5.9 Enhancing Parallelism
      5.10 Summary of Results for Optimizing Combining Code
      5.11 Some Limiting Factors
      5.12 Understanding Memory Performance
      5.13 Life in the Real World: Performance Improvement Techniques
      5.14 Identifying and Eliminating Performance Bottlenecks
      5.15 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  6 The Memory Hierarchy
      6.1 Storage Technologies
      6.2 Locality
      6.3 The Memory Hierarchy
      6.4 Cache Memories
      6.5 Writing Cache-friendly Code
      6.6 Putting It Together: The Impact of Caches on Program Performance
      6.7 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems

Part II: Running Programs on a System

  7 Linking
      7.1 Compiler Drivers
      7.2 Static Linking
      7.3 Object Files
      7.4 Relocatable Object Files
      7.5 Symbols and Symbol Tables
      7.6 Symbol Resolution
      7.7 Relocation
      7.8 Executable Object Files
      7.9 Loading Executable Object Files
      7.10 Dynamic Linking with Shared Libraries
      7.11 Loading and Linking Shared Libraries from Applications
      7.12 Position-Independent Code (PIC)
      7.13 Tools for Manipulating Object Files
      7.14 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  8 Exceptional Control Flow
      8.1 Exceptions
      8.2 Processes
      8.3 System Call Error Handling
      8.4 Process Control
      8.5 Signals
      8.6 Nonlocal Jumps
      8.7 Tools for Manipulating Processes
      8.8 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  9 Virtual Memory
      9.1 Physical and Virtual Addressing
      9.2 Address Spaces
      9.3 VM as a Tool for Caching
      9.4 VM as a Tool for Memory Management
      9.5 VM as a Tool for Memory Protection
      9.6 Address Translation
      9.7 Case Study: The Intel Core i7/Linux Memory System
      9.8 Memory Mapping
      9.9 Dynamic Memory Allocation
      9.10 Garbage Collection
      9.11 Common Memory-Related Bugs in C Programs
      9.12 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems

Part III: Interaction and Communication Between Programs

  10 System-Level I/O
      10.1 Unix I/O
      10.2 Opening and Closing Files
      10.3 Reading and Writing Files
      10.4 Robust Reading and Writing with the Rio Package
      10.5 Reading File Metadata
      10.6 Sharing Files
      10.7 I/O Redirection
      10.8 Standard I/O
      10.9 Putting It Together: Which I/O Functions Should I Use?
      10.10 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  11 Network Programming
      11.1 The Client-Server Programming Model
      11.2 Networks
      11.3 The Global IP Internet
      11.4 The Sockets Interface
      11.5 Web Servers
      11.6 Putting It Together: The TINY Web Server
      11.7 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems
  12 Concurrent Programming
      12.1 Concurrent Programming with Processes
      12.2 Concurrent Programming with I/O Multiplexing
      12.3 Concurrent Programming with Threads
      12.4 Shared Variables in Threaded Programs
      12.5 Synchronizing Threads with Semaphores
      12.6 Using Threads for Parallelism
      12.7 Other Concurrency Issues
      12.8 Summary
      Bibliographic Notes
      Homework Problems
      Solutions to Practice Problems

A: Error Handling

  A.1 Error Handling in Unix Systems
  A.2 Error-Handling Wrappers

References

Index