Computer networks

CHAPTER 1  INTRODUCTION1.1  USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS1.1.1  Business Applications1.1.2  Home Applications1.1.3  Mobile Users1.1.4  Social Issues1.2  NETWORK HARDWARE1.2.1  Personal Area Networks1.2.2  Local Area Networks1.2.3  Metropolitan Area Networks+1.2.4  Wide Area Networks1.2.5  Internetworks1.3  NETWORK SOFTWARE1.3.1  Protocol Hierarchies1.3.2  Design Issues for the Layers1.3.3  Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless Service1.3.4  Service Primitives1.3.5  The Relationship of Services to Protocols1.4  REFERENCE MODELS1.4.1  The OSI Reference Model1.4.2  The TCP/IP Reference Model1.4.3  The Model Used in this Book**1.4.4  A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models**1.4.5  A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols**1.4.6  A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model1.5  EXAMPLE NETWORKS+1.5.1  The Internet+**1.5.2  Third-Generation Mobile Phone Networks+**1.5.3  Wireless LANs: 802.11++**1.5.4  RFID and Sensor Networks**1.6  NETWORK STANDARDIZATION**1.6.1  Who's Who in the Telecommunications World**1.6.2  Who's Who in the International Standards World**1.6.3  Who's Who in the Internet Standards World1.7  METRIC UNITS1.8  OUTLINE OF THE REST OF THE BOOK1.9  SUMMARY CHAPTER 2  THE PHYSICAL LAYER2.1  THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DATA COMMUNICATION2.1.1  Fourier Analysis2.1.2  Bandwidth-Limited Signals2.1.3  The Maximum Data Rate of a Channel2.2  GUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA2.2.1  Magnetic Media2.2.2  Twisted Pairs2.2.3  Coaxial Cable++2.2.4  Power Lines2.2.5  Fiber Optics2.3  WIRELESS TRANSMISSION+2.3.1  The Electromagnetic Spectrum2.3.2  Radio Transmission+2.3.3  Microwave Transmission+**2.3.4  Infrared Transmission+**2.3.5  Light Transmission**2.4  COMMUNICATION SATELLITES**2.4.1  Geostationary Satellites**2.4.2  Medium-Earth Orbit Satellites**2.4.3  Low-Earth Orbit Satellites**2.4.4  Satellites Versus Fiber2.5  DIGITAL MODULATION AND MULTIPLEXING++2.5.1  Baseband Transmission++2.5.2  Passband Transmission+2.5.3  Frequency Division Multiplexing2.5.4  Time Division Multiplexing+2.5.5  Code Division Multiplexing2.6  THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK2.6.1  Structure of the Telephone System2.6.2  The Politics of Telephones+2.6.3  The Local Loop: Modems, ADSL, and Fiber2.6.4  Trunks and Multiplexing2.6.5  Switching**2.7  THE MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM**2.7.1  First-Generation (1G) Mobile Phones: Analog Voice**2.7.2  Second-Generation (2G) Mobile Phones: Digital Voice+**2.7.3  Third-Generation (3G) Mobile Phones: Digital Voice and Data**2.8  CABLE TELEVISION**2.8.1  Community Antenna Television**2.8.2  Internet over Cable**2.8.3  Spectrum Allocation**2.8.4  Cable Modems**2.8.5  ADSL Versus Cable2.9  SUMMARY CHAPTER 3  THE DATA LINK LAYER3.1  DATA LINK LAYER DESIGN ISSUES3.1.1  Services Provided to the Network Layer3.1.2  Framing3.1.3  Error Control3.1.4  Flow Control+3.2  ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION+3.2.1  Error-Correcting Codes+3.2.2  Error-Detecting Codes3.3  ELEMENTARY DATA LINK PROTOCOLS3.3.1  A Utopian Simplex Protocol3.3.2  A Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol for an Error-Free Channel3.3.3  A Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol for a Noisy Channel3.4  SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOLS3.4.1  A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol3.4.2  A Protocol Using Go-Back-N3.4.3  A Protocol Using Selective Repeat3.5  EXAMPLE DATA LINK PROTOCOLS++3.5.1  Packet over SONET++3.5.2  ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop)3.6  SUMMARY CHAPTER 4  THE MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL SUBLAYER4.1  THE CHANNEL ALLOCATION PROBLEM4.1.1  Static Channel Allocation4.1.2  Assumptions for Dynamic Channel Allocation4.2  MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOLS4.2.1  ALOHA4.2.2  Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols+4.2.3  Collision-Free Protocols4.2.4  Limited-Contention Protocols4.2.5  Wireless LAN Protocols4.3  ETHERNET4.3.1  Classic Ethernet Physical Layer4.3.2  Classic Ethernet MAC Sublayer Protocol4.3.3  Ethernet Performance4.3.4  Switched Ethernet4.3.5  Fast Ethernet+4.3.6  Gigabit Ethernet+4.3.7  10 Gigabit Ethernet4.3.8  Retrospective on Ethernet4.4  WIRELESS LANS4.4.1  The 802.11 Architecture and Protocol Stack+4.4.2  The 802.11 Physical Layer+4.4.3  The 802.11 MAC Sublayer Protocol4.4.4  The 802.11 Frame Structure4.4.5  Services+**4.5  BROADBAND WIRELESS+**4.5.1  Comparison of 802.16 with 802.11 and 3G+**4.5.2  The 802.16 Architecture and Protocol Stack+**4.5.3  The 802.16 Physical Layer+**4.5.4  The 802.16 MAC Sublayer Protocol+**4.5.5  The 802.16 Frame Structure**4.6  BLUETOOTH**4.6.1  Bluetooth Architecture**4.6.2  Bluetooth Applications**4.6.3  The Bluetooth Protocol Stack**4.6.4  The Bluetooth Radio Layer**4.6.5  The Bluetooth Link Layers**4.6.6  The Bluetooth Frame Structure++**4.7  RFID++**4.7.1  EPC Gen 2 Architecture++**4.7.2  EPC Gen 2 Physical Layer++**4.7.3  EPC Gen 2 Tag Identification Layer++**4.7.4  Tag Identification Message Formats4.8  DATA LINK LAYER SWITCHING4.8.1  Uses of Bridges+4.8.2  Learning Bridges+4.8.3  Spanning Tree Bridges4.8.4  Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, and Gateways+4.8.5  Virtual LANs4.9  SUMMARY CHAPTER 5  THE NETWORK LAYER5.1  NETWORK LAYER DESIGN ISSUES5.1.1  Store-and-Forward Packet Switching5.1.2  Services Provided to the Transport Layer5.1.3  Implementation of Connectionless Service5.1.4  Implementation of Connection-Oriented Service5.1.5  Comparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Networks5.2  ROUTING ALGORITHMS5.2.1  The Optimality Principle5.2.2  Shortest Path Algorithm5.2.3  Flooding5.2.4  Distance Vector Routing5.2.5  Link State Routing5.2.6  Hierarchical Routing5.2.7  Broadcast Routing+5.2.8  Multicast Routing++**5.2.9  Anycast Routing5.2.10  Routing for Mobile Hosts**5.2.11  Routing in Ad Hoc Networks5.3  CONGESTION CONTROL ALGORITHMS5.3.1  Approaches to Congestion Control5.3.2  Traffic-Aware Routing5.3.3  Admission Control5.3.4  Traffic Throttling+5.3.5  Load Shedding5.4  QUALITY OF SERVICE5.4.1  Application Requirements+5.4.2  Traffic Shaping+5.4.3  Packet Scheduling+5.4.4  Admission Control5.4.5  Integrated Services5.4.6  Differentiated Services5.5  INTERNETWORKING5.5.1  How Networks Differ5.5.2  How Networks Can Be Connected+5.5.3  Tunneling+5.5.4  Internetwork Routing+5.5.5  Packet Fragmentation5.6  THE NETWORK LAYER IN THE INTERNET5.6.1  The IP Version 4 Protocol+5.6.2  IP Addresses**5.6.3  IP Version 6+5.6.4  Internet Control Protocols5.6.5  Label Switching and MPLS+5.6.6  OSPF--An Interior Gateway Routing Protocol+5.6.7  BGP--The Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol**5.6.8  Internet Multicasting**5.6.9  Mobile IP5.7  SUMMARY CHAPTER 6  THE TRANSPORT LAYER6.1  THE TRANSPORT SERVICE6.1.1  Services Provided to the Upper Layers6.1.2  Transport Service Primitives6.1.3  Berkeley Sockets6.1.4  An Example of Socket Programming: An Internet File Server6.2  ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS6.2.1  Addressing6.2.2.  Connection Establishment6.2.3  Connection Release6.2.4  Flow Control and Buffering6.2.5  Multiplexing6.2.6  Crash Recovery++6.3  CONGESTION CONTROL ALGORITHMS++6.3.1  Desirable Bandwidth Allocation++6.3.2  Regulating the Sending Rate++6.3.3  Wireless Issues6.4  THE INTERNET TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS: UDP6.4.1 Introduction to UDP**6.4.2  Remote Procedure Call+6.4.3  The Real-Time Transport Protocol6.5  THE INTERNET TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS: TCP6.5.1  Introduction to TCP6.5.2  The TCP Service Model6.5.3  The TCP Protocol6.5.4  The TCP Segment Header6.5.5  TCP Connection Establishment6.5.6  TCP Connection Release6.5.7  TCP Connection Management Modeling6.5.8  TCP Transmission Policy6.5.9  TCP Timer Management++6.5.10  TCP Congestion Control++6.5.11 The Future of TCP**6.6  PERFORMANCE ISSUES**6.6.1  Performance Problems in Computer Networks**6.6.2  Network Performance Measurement**6.6.3  Host Design for Fast Networks**6.6.4  Fast Segment Processing++**6.6.5  Header Compression**6.6.6  Protocols for Long Fat Networks++**6.7  DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKS++**6.7.1  DTN Architecture++**6.7.2  The Bundle Protocol6.8  SUMMARY CHAPTER 7  THE APPLICATION LAYER7.1  DNS--THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM7.1.2  The DNS Name Space7.1.3  Resource Records7.1.4  Name Servers+**7.2  ELECTRONIC MAIL+**7.2.1  Architecture and Services+**7.2.2  The User Agent**7.2.3  Message Formats+**7.2.4  Message Transfer+**7.2.5  Final Delivery+7.3  THE WORLD WIDE WEB+7.3.1  Architectural Overview+7.3.2  Static Web Pages+7.3.3  Dynamic Web Pages and Web Applications+7.3.4  HTTP--The HyperText Transfer Protocol+**7.3.5  Mobile Web++**7.3.6  Web Search7.4  REALTIME AUDIO AND VIDEO7.4.1  Introduction to Digital Audio7.4.2  Audio Compression7.4.3  Streaming Audio7.4.4  Internet Radio7.4.5  Voice over IP7.4.6  Introduction to Video7.4.7  Video Compression7.4.8  Video on Demand++7.5  CONTENT DELIVERY AND PEER-TO-PEER++7.5.1  Server Replication++7.5.2  Content Delivery Networks++7.5.3  Peer-to-Peer Networks++7.5.4  Overlay Networks7.5  SUMMARY CHAPTER 8  READING LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY**8.1  SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING**8.1.1  Introduction and General Works**8.1.2  The Physical Layer**8.1.3  The Data Link Layer**8.1.4  The Medium Access Control Sublayer**8.1.5  The Network Layer**8.1.6  The Transport Layer**8.1.7  The Application Layer**8.1.8  Network Security++9.2  ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY