Computer-aided drug design and delivery systems

Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 15
1.2 Rational Drug Design......Page 19
1.5 Drug Discovery Process......Page 21
1.6 How Computers Help in Drug Design......Page 22
1.8 Drug Design Theory......Page 24
1.9 Role of Computers in Drug Design: Their Success and Failure......Page 27
1.10.1 Scanners......Page 28
1.10.2 Builders......Page 30
1.11 RACHEL Software Package......Page 31
1.11.1 RACHEL Component Specification Language......Page 32
References......Page 34
2.1 Introduction......Page 35
2.2 Development of Sustained-Release Drug Delivery Systems......Page 36
2.2.1 Delayed-Release Systems......Page 37
2.3.2 Partition Coefficient......Page 38
2.4.2 Distribution......Page 39
2.6 Transdermal Delivery Systems......Page 40
2.6.3 Matrix Dispersion-Type Systems......Page 41
2.7.2 Liposomes......Page 42
2.7.3 Resealed Erythrocytes......Page 43
2.8 Transdermal Delivery Systems......Page 44
2.9 Basic Components of Transdermal Devices......Page 45
2.10 Choice of Drug......Page 46
2.12 Adhesive and Packaging......Page 47
2.13.2 Tack Properties......Page 48
2.14.1 Membrane-Moderated Devices (Reservoir Devices)......Page 49
2.14.3 Matrix Dispersion-Controlled Device (Monolithic Device)......Page 51
2.14.4 Microreservoir-Type Devices......Page 52
2.15 In Vitro Release Kinetics......Page 53
2.18 Optimization of Transdermal Systems......Page 54
References......Page 55
3.1 Introduction......Page 57
3.3 Fields of Bioinformatics: Role and Relevance in Biotechnology......Page 58
3.4 Proteomics: Protein Sequence Databases......Page 60
3.6 System Retrieval Systems......Page 61
3.8 Bioinformatics in Rational Drug Design and the Medical Sciences......Page 62
3.9 Bioinformatics and Chemical Engineering......Page 65
3.10 Brief Introduction to Bioinformatics Databases......Page 66
3.11 Microarray Database......Page 69
3.12 Bioinformatics Scenario......Page 70
References......Page 72
4.2 Lipase Used in Biotransformations......Page 75
4.2.2 Sources of Lipase......Page 76
4.2.5 Mechanism of Action......Page 77
4.2.6 Production of Lipase......Page 78
4.2.8 Immobilization......Page 79
4.2.9 Role of Lipases in the Preparation of Drugs and Drug Intermediates......Page 81
4.3.1 Esterase Production......Page 95
4.3.2 Preparation of Drugs and Drug Intermediates by Esterases......Page 97
References......Page 105
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Parameters......Page 109
5.3 Pharmacodynamic Parameters......Page 110
5.4.2 Mechanism of Drug Absorption......Page 111
5.4.3 Factors Influencing Drug Absorption......Page 115
5.4.4 Manufacturing Variables......Page 121
5.5.2 Factors Affecting Differences in the Distribution of Drugs......Page 122
5.5.3 Plasma Protein Binding......Page 123
5.5.4 Physiologic Barriers......Page 124
5.6 Biotransformation/Metabolism......Page 126
5.7 Excretion of Drugs......Page 142
5.7.1 Pharmacokinetic Equations......Page 144
5.8 Pharmacodynamics......Page 146
5.8.1 Factors Influencing Drug Action......Page 148
5.8.2 How Does a Drug Act?......Page 150
References......Page 153
6.1 Introduction......Page 155
6.2 Developmental History of Biomarkers......Page 156
6.3 Different Types of Biomarkers......Page 157
6.4 Use of Biomarkers in Cancer......Page 161
6.6 Recent Advances in Biomarkers......Page 164
6.8 Biosensors......Page 165
6.9 Developmental History of Biosensors......Page 166
6.10 General Instrumentation and Operation of a Biosensor......Page 167
6.12 Biosensors in Biomedical Research......Page 170
6.13 Robotics in Surgery......Page 175
6.14 Background and History of Surgical Robots......Page 176
6.15 Robot-Assisted Surgery......Page 178
6.16 Advantages and Disadvantages of Robot-Assisted Surgery......Page 181
6.17 Applications of Robotic Surgery......Page 182
6.19 Future of Robotic Surgery......Page 183
6.20 Conclusion......Page 184
References......Page 185
7.1 Introduction......Page 187
7.2 Biomedical Instrumentation Measurements......Page 188
7.2.1 Instrumentation for Cardiovascular Measurements......Page 190
7.3 Measurement of Blood Flow and Cardiac Output......Page 196
7.3.2 Instrumentation for Measurements of the Nervous System......Page 199
7.3.3 Electromyographic Measurements......Page 201
7.4 Instrumentation for Psychophysiologic Measurements......Page 202
7.5 Instrumentation for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior......Page 203
7.7 Pacemakers and Defibrillators......Page 204
7.9 Ophthalmic and ENT Instruments......Page 206
7.10 Ultrasonography......Page 210
7.11 Computed Tomographic Scanning (CT Scanning)......Page 213
7.12 Positron-Emission Tomographic (PET) Scanning......Page 214
7.13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 215
References......Page 216
A......Page 219
B......Page 220
C......Page 222
D......Page 224
E......Page 227
G......Page 229
I......Page 230
L......Page 231
M......Page 232
O......Page 233
P......Page 234
R......Page 236
S......Page 237
T......Page 238
Z......Page 240