Computational Models of Reading: A Handbook

Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgments
	1. Introduction
	Information-Processing Metaphors
	Brief Overview of the Human Information-Processing System
	Reading versus Spoken Language and Other Communication
	Summary and Conclusions
	Chapter Previews
2. Formal Models
	What are Formal Models?
	Different Approaches to Formal Modeling in Cognitive Science
		Process Models
		Production-System Models
		Connectionist Models
		Comparative Examples
	How are Models Compared?
	Computational Models of Reading
3. Models of Word Identification
	Word-Identification Research
		Word-Identification Tasks
		Learning Effects
		Orthographic Effects
		Phonological Effects
		Semantic Effects
		Patterns of Impairment
		Strategic Effects
	Precursor Theories and Models
		Logogen Model
		Bin Model
		Dual-Route Model
		Analogy Model
		Parallel-Coding Systems (PCS) Model
	Interactive-Activation (IA) Model
	Activation-Verification Model
	Triangle Model
	Multiple-Levels Model
	Multiple Read-Out Model
	Multiple-Trace Memory Model
	Connectionist Dual Process (CDP) Model
	Dual-Route Cascaded (DRC) Model
	SERIOL
	ACT-R Lexical-Decision Task Model
	Bayesian Reader
	Connectionist Dual Process (CDP+) Model
	Overlap Model
	Spatial-Coding Model (SCM)
	Model Comparisons
	Conclusions
4. Models of Sentence Processing
	Sentence-Processing Research
	Precursor Theories and Models
		Augmented Transitional Networks
		Sausage Machine Model
	Garden-Path Model
	Sentence-Gestalt (SG) Model
	Simple-Recurrent Network (SRN)
	CC-Reader
	Probabilistic Parser
	Attractor-Based Parser
	Constraint-Based Models
	Dependency-Locality Theory (DLT)
	Cue-Based Parser
	Activation-Based Model
	Surprisal
	Model Comparisons
	Conclusions
5. Models of Discourse Representation
	Discourse-Representation Research
	Precursor Theories and Models
		Story Grammars
		Kintsch & van Dijk’s (1978) Model
	Construction-Integration (CI) Model
	Situation-Space Model
	3CI-Dynamic Model
	State-Space Search Model
	Landscape Model
	Resonance Model
	Langston-Trabasso Connectionist Model
	Distributed Situation-Space (DSS) Model
	Model Comparisons
	Conclusions
6. Models of the Reading Architecture
	Eye-Movement Research
	Precursor Theories and Models
		Gough’s (1972) Model
		Reader
		Morrison’s (1984) Model
		Rayner & Pollatsek’s (1989) Model
	Attention-Shift Model (ASM)
	E-Z Reader
	EMMA
	SWIFT
	Glenmore
	SERIF
	OB1-Reader
	Model Comparisons
	Conclusions
7. Synthesis
	Candidate Reading Architectures
	Über-Reader
		Word Identification
		Sentence Processing
		Discourse Representation
		Peripheral Systems
	Simulations
		Simulation 1: The Identification of Words
		Simulation 2: The Parsing of Sentences
		Simulation 3: The Reading of Sentences
		Simulation 4: The Representation and Recall of Discourse
	Limitations of Über-Reader
	Conclusions
Appendix A—ACT-R
Appendix B—3CAPS
Appendix C—Connectionist Models
Appendix D—Models of Episodic Memory
References
Index