Computational Bioengineering: Current Trends And Applications

Cover Page......Page 1
Title - Computational Bioengineering: Current Trends and Applications......Page 4
ISBN 1860944655......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
1.1 Biomechanics in Europe and the BioNet project......Page 10
1.2 The Biomechanics European Laboratory......Page 13
2.1 Description of the Project......Page 14
2.2 Implementing the Living Human Project......Page 16
3.1 General Description of the Framework......Page 17
3.2 How to use the MAF......Page 20
3.3 Current Capabilities of the MAF......Page 21
3.4 Future Developments......Page 24
4.1 The Scope of the LHDL Project......Page 25
4.2 Proposed Approach......Page 26
4.3 A Brief Description of the Final System......Page 27
Acknowledgements......Page 30
References......Page 31
1 Introduction......Page 32
2 Simulation of a Gait Cycle in a Knee Wear Simulator......Page 34
3 Influence of Unicondylar Loading on the Kinematics and Stresses Generated in a TKR......Page 36
4 Influence of Patient Specific Loading......Page 38
5 Influence of Posterior Tibial Slope......Page 39
6 Rigid body Analysis......Page 42
7 Numerical Wear Simulation......Page 44
8 Full TKR Model: Analysis of the Patello-Femoral Kinematics and Stresses......Page 47
References......Page 50
1 Introduction......Page 54
2.1 The Levels of Bone Porosity......Page 55
2.2 Tracing the Fluid Flow......Page 58
2.4 The ISFP and Mechanosensation......Page 60
3.1 Overview of the Arterial System in Bone......Page 62
3.2 Dynamics of the Arterial System......Page 63
4 Microvascular Network of Marrow......Page 64
6 Venous Drainage of Bone......Page 66
7 Lymphatics in Bone......Page 68
9.1 Prediction of Blood Flow Redistribution......Page 69
9.6 Influence of the Heterogeneity of the Marrow......Page 70
10.1.4 Effect of Implants on Blood Supply......Page 71
10.2 Research Applications......Page 72
References......Page 73
1 Introduction......Page 78
1.1 Partition of Unity Methods......Page 79
2.1 The standard NEM......Page 84
2.2 Imposition of essential boundary conditions: the  -NEM......Page 86
2.3 Numerical integration in Natural Element Methods......Page 90
3.1 Application of NEM to the simulation of adaptive bone remodelling......Page 91
3.2 Simulation of hyperelastic tendons under large strains......Page 97
3.3 Evaluation of the effect of meniscectomies in human knee joint......Page 102
4 Conclusions......Page 104
References......Page 105
Assessment of Plaque Stability Based on High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions and Computational Mechanical Analysis Christian A . J. Schulze-Bauer, Michael Stadler, Rudolf Stollberger, Peter Regitnig and Gerhard A. Holzapfel......Page 110
1 Introduction......Page 111
2.3 Segmentation and Geometrical Modeling......Page 112
2.4 Mechanical Testing and Physical Modeling......Page 113
2.6 Computational Case Studies......Page 114
3 Results......Page 115
4.2 MAP Variation......Page 119
4.4 Variation of the Media Stiffness......Page 120
4.6 Study Limitations......Page 121
References......Page 122
1 Introduction......Page 126
2.1 Pauwels' Theory of Tissue Differentiation......Page 128
2.1.1 Hypothesis 1: The relationship between cell deformation and differentiation......Page 129
2.1.2 Hypothesis 2: The route to ossification......Page 130
3 Evolution Equations......Page 132
4.1 Fracture repair......Page 135
4.2 Osteochondral Defect Repair......Page 136
5 Conclusions and Outlook......Page 138
References......Page 139
1 Introduction......Page 144
2.1 The bone microstructure......Page 146
2.2 Homogenized elastic properties for trabecular bone......Page 147
3.1 Global optimization problem......Page 149
3.2 Necessary conditions for optimum – Law of bone remodelling......Page 150
3.3 Comparison with the local stimulus criterion models......Page 151
3.4 Numerical model......Page 153
4.1 Intact femur......Page 155
4.2 Implanted femur......Page 159
5 Local-Global Bone Remodelling Model......Page 160
5.1 Problem formulation......Page 161
5.2 Homogenization......Page 162
5.3 Numerical model......Page 163
5.4 Two-dimensional results......Page 165
6 Discussion......Page 166
Acknowledgements......Page 167
References......Page 168
1 Introduction......Page 172
2 Circulation, Physiological Functions and Constitution of the Blood......Page 173
3 Rheological Properties of Human Blood......Page 176
4 Blood Flow in the Main Vessel......Page 182
5 Sensitivity of Flow Parameters to Changes of the Blood State......Page 188
6 Final Remarks......Page 191
References......Page 192
1 Introduction......Page 194
2.1 Interface thermokinematics......Page 195
2.2 Conservation laws at the interface......Page 196
2.3 Constitutive laws at the interface......Page 199
2.4 Coulomb dry friction......Page 201
3 Numerical Algorithms......Page 203
3.1 Variational formulation......Page 204
3.2 Methods for solving contact mechanics......Page 205
3.3 Methods for solving contact thermomechanics......Page 207
4.2 Finite element model of the cemented hip stem......Page 208
1. Titanium alloy versus Cobalt Chromium alloy......Page 210
3. Influence of the friction coefficient......Page 212
4.4 Finite element simulation of thermal effects......Page 214
1. Choice of the stem material......Page 215
2. Optimization of the cement thickness......Page 216
4. Influence of thermics......Page 217
Concluding Remarks......Page 218
References......Page 220
1 Introduction......Page 224
2.2 Types of prosthetic valves......Page 225
2.2.1 Mechanical Heart valves (MHV)......Page 226
2.2.2 Bioprostheses......Page 227
3.1 Cellular Automata Fluids......Page 228
3.2 Background of the lattice Boltzmann equation method......Page 229
3.3.2 Description of the method......Page 230
3.4 The generalized lattice Boltzmann equation (GLBE)......Page 232
3.5 Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann equation......Page 234
3.5.1 Optimization of the model and connection to the BGK LBE model......Page 235
3.6 Lattice Boltzmann model in Three Dimensions......Page 236
4.1 Three-dimensional transient physiological flows in fixed geometries by lattice Boltzmann BGK method......Page 238
4.2 Two-dimensional transient physiological flows with moving boundaries by general lattice Boltzmann equation......Page 240
4.2.1 Unsteady Flow: 2D Womersley Flow......Page 241
4.2.2 Lattice Boltzmann Method for moving boundaries......Page 244
5 Conclusions and Outlook......Page 250
References......Page 251