CompTIA IT Fundamentals Study Guide: Exam FC0-U51

Introduction xxi Assessment Test xxxi Chapter 1 Core Hardware Components 1 Introducing Internal Components 3 Exploring Motherboards, Processors, and Memory 4 Motherboards 4 Processors 22 Memory 27 Exploring Storage and Expansion Devices 33 Hard Drives 33 Optical Drives 42 Video Cards 43 Sound Cards 45 Network Cards 46 Modems 47 Exploring Power and Cooling 48 Power Supplies 48 Cooling Systems 52 Summary 55 Exam Essentials 56 Chapter 1 Written Lab 56 Review Questions 59 Chapter 2 Peripherals and Connectors 63 Understanding Common Peripherals, Interfaces, and Connectors 65 Audio and Video Devices 66 External Storage and Communications Connectors 80 Input and Output Devices 92 Understanding Installation Basics 109 Reviewing Connector Types 113 Summary 114 Exam Essentials 115 Chapter 2 Lab 116 Review Questions 117 Chapter 3 Computing Devices and the Internet of Things 121 Exploring Common Computing Devices 123 Servers and Workstations 123 Laptops 125 Tablets and Smartphones 132 Gaming Consoles 155 Understanding the Internet of Things 158 A Brief History of the Internet of Things 158 Consumer Uses 159 Commercial Uses 162 Potential Issues 165 Summary 167 Exam Essentials 167 Chapter 3 Lab 168 Review Questions 169 Chapter 4 Operating Systems 173 Operating System Fundamentals 175 A Brief History of Operating Systems 176 Basic Functions of Operating Systems 180 Types of Operating Systems 185 Managing an Operating System 207 Managing Features and Interfaces 208 Managing Folder and File Structures 229 Summary 241 Exam Essentials 241 Chapter 4 Lab 242 Review Questions 247 Chapter 5 Software Applications 251 Understanding Application Architecture and Installation 254 Application Design Concepts 255 Software Management Best Practices 260 Exploring Common Application Types 276 File Extensions 277 Productivity Software 280 Collaboration Software 285 Business Software 289 Utility Software 293 Web Browsers 304 Summary 318 Exam Essentials 319 Chapter 5 Lab 320 Review Questions 321 Chapter 6 Software Development 325 Exploring Programming Languages 327 Assembly Language 328 Compiled Languages 333 Interpreted Languages 335 Query Languages 339 Understanding Programming Concepts and Techniques 340 Programming Logic 341 Organizing Code 343 Summary 347 Exam Essentials 348 Chapter 6 Lab 349 Review Questions 350 Chapter 7 Database Fundamentals 355 Understanding Databases 357 Exploring Database Concepts and Structures 358 Working with Databases 367 Summary 380 Exam Essentials 380 Chapter 7 Lab 381 Review Questions 384 Chapter 8 Networking Concepts and Technologies 389 Exploring Connection Types and Features 391 Choosing External Network Connections 392 Choosing Internal Network Connections 403 Understanding Network Connectivity Essentials 411 Common Networking Devices 411 Networking Protocol Basics 415 TCP/IP Essentials 416 Network Storage Options 424 Setting Up a Wireless Network 428 Basic Configuration 428 Wireless Router Security 438 Additional Wireless Router Services 440 Summary 445 Exam Essentials 445 Chapter 8 Lab 446 Part 1: Setting Up Your Wireless Router 446 Part 2: Testing Your Neighbors 446 Review Questions 447 Chapter 9 Security Concepts and Threats 451 Understanding Hackers and Motives 454 Understanding Security Threats 457 Confidentiality Concerns 458 Integrity Concerns 463 Availability Concerns 465 Software-Based Security Threats 468 Understanding Access Control 476 Authentication 476 Authorization 479 Accounting 480 Nonrepudiation 482 Summary 482 Exam Essentials 483 Chapter 9 Lab 484 Review Questions 485 Chapter 10 Security Best Practices 489 Understanding Security Best Practices 491 Device Hardening 491 Managing Users 515 Using Data Encryption 520 Summary 527 Exam Essentials 528 Chapter 10 Lab 529 Review Questions 530 Chapter 11 Business Continuity and Computer Support 535 Understanding Business Continuity 537 Fault Tolerance 537 Disaster Recovery 551 Exploring Computer Support Concepts 552 Understanding Troubleshooting Theory 552 Troubleshooting Examples 563 Summary 581 Exam Essentials 582 Chapter 11 Lab 583 Review Questions 584 Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 589 Chapter 1: Core Hardware Components 590 Chapter 2: Peripherals and Connectors 590 Chapter 3: Computing Devices and the Internet of Things 591 Chapter 4: Operating Systems 592 Chapter 5: Software Applications 592 Chapter 6: Software Development 592 Chapter 7: Database Fundamentals 593 Chapter 8: Networking Concepts and Technologies 593 Chapter 9: Security Concepts and Threats 594 Chapter 10: Security Best Practices 594 Chapter 11: Business Continuity and Computer Support 594 Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 597 Chapter 1: Core Hardware Components  598 Chapter 2: Peripherals and Connectors  599 Chapter 3: Computing Devices and the Internet of Things  600 Chapter 4: Operating Systems  601 Chapter 5: Software Applications  602 Chapter 6: Software Development  604 Chapter 7: Database Fundamentals  605 Chapter 8: Networking Concepts and Technologies  606 Chapter 9: Security Concepts and Threats  607 Chapter 10: Security Best Practices  609 Chapter 11: Business Continuity and Computer Support  610 Index 613 Table of Exercises Exercise 1.1 Converting Between Decimal and Other Numbering Systems. . . . . . . . . 26 Exercise 1.2 Assessing Your Computer\'s RAM and Virtual Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Exercise 1.3 Determining the Type of Installed RAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Exercise 1.4 Examining Hard Drives in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Exercise 2.1 Adjusting a Desktop Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Exercise 2.2 Changing the Settings for Multiple Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Exercise 2.3 Changing Your Keyboard Layout in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Exercise 2.4 Disabling a Touchpad in Windows 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Exercise 2.5 Configuring a Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Exercise 2.6 Installing an IP Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Exercise 3.1 Changing Security Settings on IOS 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Exercise 4.1 Creating a User Account in Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Exercise 4.2 Creating a User Account in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Exercise 4.3 Changing Windows User Account Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Exercise 4.4 Creating a Task with Task Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Exercise 4.5 Managing Virtual Memory in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Exercise 4.6 Managing Storage Space in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Exercise 4.7 Manipulating Files in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Exercise 4.8 Creating a Shortcut in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Exercise 5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Operating System Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Exercise 5.2 Installing 7-Zip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Exercise 5.3 Installing Free Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Exercise 5.4 Configuring Windows Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Exercise 5.5 Using 7-Zip to Create an Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Exercise 5.6 Downloading and Installing Adobe Acrobat Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Exercise 5.7 Managing Cookies and Cache in Microsoft Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Exercise 5.8 Configuring the Edge Pop-Up Blocker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Exercise 6.1 Converting Between Decimal and Other Numbering Systems. . . . . . . . 330 Exercise 6.2 Creating \"Hello, world!\" in HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Exercise 7.1 Creating a Database and Tables in Microsoft Access 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Exercise 7.2 Importing Data from Excel to Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Exercise 8.1 Pricing Internet Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Exercise 8.2 The Cost of Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Exercise 8.3 Finding Your IP Configuration Information in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Exercise 9.1 Testing Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Exercise 10.1 Securing a Windows 10 PC from Unauthorized Local Use . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Exercise 10.2 Starting and Stopping Services in Windows 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Exercise 10.3 Configuring SmartScreen in Microsoft Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 Exercise 10.4 Encrypting Local Folders in Windows 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Exercise 10.5 Backing Up a Windows Security Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Exercise 11.1 Setting Up a Backup in Windows 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 Exercise 11.2 Booting into Safe Mode in Windows 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 Exercise 11.3 Using System Restore in Windows 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 Exercise 11.4 Using the System Configuration Utility in Windows 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 Exercise 11.5 Creating a Desktop Shortcut for MSCONFIG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Exercise 11.6 Running an Application in Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Exercise 11.7 Checking TCP/IP Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578