Composites: Modeling, and Manufacturing

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Half Title
Engineering Tribology, Manufacturing and Applied Energy Series
Composites: Modeling, and Manufacturing
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Contents
Preface
Editoe Biographies
Contibutors
1. A review on fundamental and structural properties of composite materials
	1.1 INTRODUCTION
	1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
	1.3 APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
	1.4 TYPES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.4.1 Carbon fibre-reinforced composites
		1.4.2 Glass fibre-reinforced composites
		1.4.3 Aramid fibre-reinforced composites
		1.4.4 Metal matrix composites (MMCs)
		1.4.5 Polymer matrix composites (PMCs)
		1.4.6 Laminar composites
		1.4.7 Structural composites
		1.4.8 Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)
	1.5 COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.5.1 Matrix material
		1.5.2 Reinforcement material
		1.5.3 Fillers and additives
	1.6 STRUCTURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.6.1 Particulate composites
		1.6.2 Fibre-reinforced composites
		1.6.3 Laminar composites
		1.6.4 Structural hierarchies
	1.7 BENEFITS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.7.1 High strength-to-weight ratio
		1.7.2 Tailored properties
		1.7.3 Durability and corrosion resistance
		1.7.4 Design flexibility
	1.8 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.8.1 Strength
		1.8.2 Stiffness
		1.8.3 Flexural properties
		1.8.4 Fatigue resistance
		1.8.5 Impact resistance
		1.8.6 Creep resistance
		1.8.7 Density
		1.8.8 Thermal properties
	1.9 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
		1.9.1 Material selection
		1.9.2 Layup
		1.9.3 Impregnation
		1.9.4 Curing (polymerization)
		1.9.5 Moulding
		1.9.6 Consolidation
		1.9.7 Finishing
		1.9.8 Quality control
		1.9.9 Post-curing (if necessary)
		1.9.10 Assembly (if necessary)
	1.10 CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.10.1 Characterization
		1.10.2 Testing
	1.11 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
	1.12 APPLICATIONS
	1.13 CHALLENGES AND FUTURE TRENDS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
		1.13.1 Challenges
		1.13.2 Future trends
	REFERENCES
2. Progress and processing routes of metal matrix composites with their applications: A review
	2.1 INTRODUCTION
	2.2 METHODS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MMCs
		2.2.1 Solid-state processing
			2.2.1.1 High-energy ball milling
			2.2.1.2 Microwave sintering
		2.2.2 Liquid-state processing
			2.2.2.1 Infiltration
				2.2.2.1.1 Molten infiltration
				2.2.2.1.2 Pressure infiltration
				2.2.2.1.3 Vapor infiltration
			2.2.2.2 Casting methods
				2.2.2.2.1 Stir casting
			2.2.2.3 Other methods
				2.2.2.3.1 Deposition of material using spray process
	2.3 CONCLUSION
	2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS FOR COMPOSITE DEVELOPMENT
	REFERENCES
3. Recent manufacturing approaches for composite materials
	3.1 INTRODUCTION
	3.2 3D PRINTING
		3.2.1 Continuous fiber 3D printing
		3.2.2 Fused filament fabrication (FFF)
		3.2.3 Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) with 3D printing
	3.3 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY (SLA)
	3.4 DIRECT ENERGY DEPOSITION (DED) FOR COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
	3.5 INDUSTRY 4.0- ENABLED COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
	3.6 CONCLUSION
	3.7 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
	REFERENCES
4. Evaluation of mechanical properties of Mg/CNT/Al2O3-based metal matrix nanocomposites using stir casting process
	4.1 INTRODUCTION
	4.2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
		4.2.1 Preparation of samples
		4.2.2 Quality of flux to prevent Mg from oxidation
		4.2.3 Tensile test
	4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		4.3.1 Mechanical testing
		4.3.2 Hardness test
		4.3.3 Impact strength
	4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
	4.5 CONCLUSION
	4.6 LIMITATIONS
	REFERENCES
5. Utilization of industrial waste as filler material in the development of polymer composites
	5.1 INTRODUCTION
	5.2 POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES FILLED WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTE
		5.2.1 Utilization of BFS as filler in polymeric matrix
		5.2.2 On utilization of red mud as filler in polymeric matrix
		5.2.3 On utilization of LD slag and sludge as filler in polymeric matrix
		5.2.4 On utilization of copper slag as filler in polymeric matrix
	5.3 CONCLUSIONS
	5.4 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
	REFERENCES
6. Finite element modeling and buckling behaviour analysis of sandwich composite panel
	6.1 INTRODUCTION
	6.2 GEOMETRY DESCRIPTION AND MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
		6.2.1 Displacement field
		6.2.2 Constitutive relation
		6.2.3 Finite element formulation
		6.2.4 Governing equation
	6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		6.3.1 Convergence study
		6.3.2 Validation study
		6.3.3 New numerical examples
			6.3.3.1 Influence of thickness ratio on the buckling behaviour of a sandwich flat panel
			6.3.3.2 Influence of aspect ratio on the buckling behaviour of a sandwich flat panel
			6.3.3.3 Influence of core to face sheet thickness ratio on the buckling behaviour of a sandwich flat panel
			6.3.3.4 Influence of modular ratio on the buckling behaviour of a sandwich flat panel
	6.4 CONCLUSIONS
	6.5 LIMITATIONS
	6.6 FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION
	REFERENCES
7. Recent trends in coconut coir fibre-reinforced composite material
	7.1 INTRODUCTION
	7.2 STRUCTURE OF MULTI-SCALE COCONUT COIR FIBRES
		7.2.1 Morphology and structural composition of coir cell wall
		7.2.2 Extraction and processing of coir fibres
		7.2.3 Structure and properties of coir fibres
			7.2.3.1 Chemical composition and crystalline structure
			7.2.3.2 Mechanical and physical properties of coir fibres
	7.3 COCONUT FIBRE (CF)-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES
		7.3.1 Biodegradable matrix-based composite
			7.3.1.1 Thermosetting matrices composite
			7.3.1.2 Thermoplastic matrices composite
		7.3.2 Rubber-based composites
		7.3.3 Cement-based composite
	7.4 APPLICATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	FUNDING
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS
	AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION
	REFERENCES
8. Epoxy-based corrosion-resistant coating for marine engineering application: Processing principles, and applications
	8.1 INTRODUCTION
	8.2 CORROSION IN SHIP STRUCTURES AND ITS PREVENTION
	8.3 PRINCIPLES OF EPOXY COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
	8.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF EPOXY RESINS
	8.5 UTILIZING NANOFILLERS TO ENHANCE THE PROPERTIES OF EPOXIES
		8.5.1 Carbon-based filler
		8.5.2 Metallic-based filler
		8.5.3 Polymer-based filler
		8.5.4 Ceramic-based filler
		8.5.5 Mineral-based filler
		8.5.6 Lubricant-based filler
	8.6 NOVEL ORGANIC COATING MATERIALS DESIGNED FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS
	8.7 APPLICATIONS OF EPOXY COATINGS
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
	DECLARATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	FUNDING
	AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTIONS
	REFERENCES
9. Ceramic matrix composites: Advanced manufacturing processes and challenges
	9.1 INTRODUCTION
		9.1.1 Processing techniques
			9.1.1.1 Sol–gel processing
			9.1.1.2 Laser-based synthesis
			9.1.1.3 Co-precipitation route
	9.2 FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES FABRICATION
		9.2.1 Fiber and Matrix Preparation
		9.2.2 Fiber Preform Fabrication
		9.2.3 Matrix Infiltration
		9.2.4 Consolidation and Finishing
		9.2.5 Advanced CMC Manufacturing Processes
		9.2.6 Summary and future scope
	REFERENCES
10. Implementation of biomimicry for advanced impact-resistant composites: Advanced manufacturing techniques
	10.1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOMIMICRY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN COMPOSITES
	10.2 BIOMIMICRY DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND THEIR APPLICABILITY IN COMPOSITES
		10.2.1 Nature uses only the energy it needs and relies on freely available energy
		10.2.2 Nature recycles all materials
		10.2.3 Nature is resilient to disturbances
		10.2.4 Nature tends to optimise rather than maximise
		10.2.5 Nature provides mutual benefits
		10.2.6 Nature runs on information
		10.2.7 Nature uses chemistry and materials that are safe for living beings
		10.2.8 Nature builds using abundant resources, incorporating rare resources only sparingly
		10.2.9 Nature uses shape to determine functionality
	10.3 IMPLEMENTATION METHODS[2]
	10.4 ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL DESIGN FEATURES
		10.4.1 Layered (brick and mortar) [3, 4]
		10.4.2 Helicoidal structure [7, 8]
		10.4.3 Bone-like structures [9]
		10.4.4 Suture [10]
		10.4.5 Tubular [4, 11]
	10.5 TECHNIQUES TO MANUFACTURE ADVANCED BIOINSPIRED COMPOSITES
		10.5.1 Hand lay-up and vacuum bagging (helical)
		10.5.2 Hand lay-up (tubular) [15]
		10.5.3 Powder Metallurgy
		10.5.4 Additive manufacturing [17]
		10.5.5 Slip casting [5]
	10.6 CONCLUSION
	REFERENCES
11. Recycling and environmental degradation of polyamides
	11.1 INTRODUCTION
	11.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		11.2.1 Bio-based monomers as resources for sustainable plastics
		11.2.2 Utilization of biomass as a sustainable carbon footprint
		11.2.3 Differences between bio-based and biodegradable polymers
		11.2.4 Fungal degradation of polyamide 6
		11.2.5 Enzymatic degradation of polyamides
		11.2.6 Photo-degradation or photo-stabilization of polyamide
		11.2.7 Degradation of poly(amino acid)
		11.2.8 Degradation of polyamide, including heteroatoms
		11.2.9 Environmentally corrosive behaviour of polyamides
		11.2.10 Limitations and future scope of polyamide
	REFERENCES
Index