Complications in Cosmetic Dermatology: Crafting Cures

Cover
Volume1
	Title
	Copyright
	Dedication
	Section Editors
	Contributors
	Foreword
	Preface to the Second Edition
	Preface to the First Edition
	Acknowledgments
	Contents
	Part 1 Basic Sciences and Ocular Pathology
		Section 1: Basic Sciences
			Chapter 1 Anatomy and Embryology of the Eye
				ANATOMY OF THE ORBIT AND OCULAR ADNEXA ORBITAL ANATOMY
				EYE
				EMBRYOLOGY EYE DEVELOPMENT
				SUGGESTED READING
			Chapter 2 Physiology of the Eye
				PHYSIOLOGY OF TEAR FILM
				PHYSIOLOGY OF CORNEA
				PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SCLERA
				PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUEOUS HUMOR
				PHYSIOLOGY OF LENS
				PHYSIOLOGY OF VITREOUS HUMOR
				PHYSIOLOGY OF RETINA
				PHYSIOLOGY OF OCULAR MOVEMENTS
				REFERENCES
			Chapter 3 Ocular Biochemistry
				INTRODUCTION
				TEAR FILM
				CORNEA
				SCLERA
				AQUEOUS HUMOR, IRIS, AND CILIARY BODY
				LENS
				VITREOUS
				RETINA
				REFERENCES
			Chapter 4 Ocular Pharmacotherapy
				INTRODUCTION
				ANESTHETIC AGENTS
				ANTIBACTERIALS
				ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
				ANTIVIRALS
				ANTIPROTOZOALS
				CORTICOSTEROIDS51
				NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
				ANTIALLERGIC DRUGS
				OCULAR LUBRICANTS
				MYDRIATICS AND CYCLOPLEGICS
				MIOTIC AGENTS
				DYES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
				REFERENCES
			Chapter 5 Ocular Microbiology
				INTRODUCTION
				OCULAR BACTERIOLOGY
				OCULAR VIROLOGY
				OCULAR PARASITOLOGY
				OCULAR MYCOLOGY
				LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR OCULAR INFECTIONS
				REFERENCES
			Chapter 6 Immunology of the Eye
				OVERVIEW OF VERTEBRATE IMMUNITY
				MOLECULES INVOLVED IN INNATE IMMUNITY
				ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
				IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
				IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE OCULAR SURFACE
				MODULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE BY HOST NEUROPEPTIDES
				IMMUNE TOLERANCE AT THE OCULAR SURFACE
				IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS IN THE EYE
				IMMUNE PRIVILEGE AND IMMUNE TOLERANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF EYE DISORDERS
				IMMUNOLOGY OF SELECTED EYE DISEASES
				INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION
				SUGGESTED READING
			Chapter 7 Ocular Genetics
				INTRODUCTION
				DEFINITIONS1
				CORNEA
				LENS
				GLAUCOMA
				RETINA
				OPTIC NERVE
				EYE MOVEMENT
				REFERENCES
				ROLE FOR GENETIC TESTING
		Section 2: Ocular Pathology
			Chapter 8 Basic Principles of Ophthalmic Pathology and Molecular Ophthalmic Pathology
				TYPES OF FIXATIVE USED IN OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY— PRACTICAL TIPS
				INTRODUCTION
				COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OPERATING SURGEON AND THE OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGIST/ LABORATORY STAFF
				VOLUME OF FIXATIVE AND DURATION OF FIXATION3,5,6
				ENUCLEATION
				EXENTERATION SPECIMENS
				TISSUE PROCESSING, SECTIONING, AND STAINING
				IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
				REFERENCES
			Chapter 9 Ophthalmic Pathology
				CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION
				REMNANTS OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT
			Chapter 10 Practical Contributions of the Ophthalmic Pathologist to Ocular Oncology
				10.1 ORBITAL TUMORS
					INTRODUCTION
					SECTION A: LACRIMAL GLAND LESIONS
					SECTION B: SOFT TISSUE ORBITAL TUMORS
					REFERENCES
					SUGGESTED READING
				10.2 EXTERNAL TUMORS (EYELID)
					INTRODUCTION
					PERIOCULAR SEBACEOUS GLAND CARCINOMA
					BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
					REFERENCES
				10.3 OCULAR SURFACE TUMORS
					INTRODUCTION
					REFERENCES
				10.4 INTRAOCULAR TUMORS
					RETINOBLASTOMA
					MEDULLOEPITHELIOMA
					UVEAL MELANOMA
					REFERENCES
	Part 2 Clinical Examination
		Chapter 11 Clinical Examination of the Anterior Segment
			INTRODUCTION
			SLIT-LAMP BIOMICROSCOPY
			GENERAL EXAMINATION OF THE EYE
			COMPONENTS OF THE SLIT LAMP
			SLIT-LAMP EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
			Diffuse Illumination
			Sclerotic Scatter
			Direct Focal
			Indirect Illumination
			Filters (Fig. 11.7)
			Retroillumination
			Range of Magnification
			PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT FOR SLIT-LAMP EXAMINATION
			Specular Reflection
			SEQUENCE AND TIPS FOR SLIT-LAMP EXAMINATION
			SLIT-LAMP DOCUMENTATION
			ADDITIONAL USES OF THE SLIT LAMP
			OUTPATIENT ANTERIOR SEGMENT SLIT-LAMP PROCEDURES
			SUGGESTED READING
			CONCLUSION
		Chapter 12 Clinical Examination of the Posterior Segment
			INTRODUCTION
			ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF NORMAL FUNDUS
			EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
			FUNDUS RECORDING AND COLOR CODING
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
	Part 3 Optics and Refraction
		Chapter 13 Optics of Clinical Refraction
			INTRODUCTION
			LIGHT WAVES
			REFRACTION AND HUYGENS’ PRINCIPLE (FIG. 13.4)
			SPHERICAL LENSES AND THEIR IMAGES
			CYLINDER LENSES AND THEIR IMAGES
			SPHEROCYLINDRICAL LENSES
			TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERROR
			ACCOMMODATION
			MYOPIC SPECTACLE CORRECTION
			ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
			CONCLUSION
	Part 4 Vision Rehabilitation
		Chapter 14 Why Vision Rehabilitation?
			INTRODUCTION
			FOUR ASPECTS OF VISION LOSS
			COMPREHENSIVE VISION REHABILITATION
			HOW BLIND IS BLIND?
			VISION REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES
			STAGES OF VISUAL PROCESSING
			PATIENT-CENTERED FUNCTIONAL PRIORITIES
			REFERENCES
			CONCLUSION
			ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
		Chapter 15 Supporting How the Eyes Function
			INTRODUCTION
			SUPPORTING DETAIL VISION
			Modified Snellen Fraction
			Refraction
			Magnification Options
			Reading
			SUPPORTING CONTRAST VISION
			SUPPORTING SURROUND VISION
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 16 Supporting How the Person Functions
			INTRODUCTION
			VISION REHABILITATION TEAM
			INTERVENTIONS IN VISION REHABILITATION
			REFERENCES
			SUMMARY
	Part 5 Conjunctiva and Cornea
		Chapter 17 Corneal Examination and Investigations
			MEASUREMENT OF CORNEAL SHAPE
			EVALUATION OF CORNEAL SURFACE
			MEASUREMENT OF CORNEAL THICKNESS
			SPECULAR MICROSCOPY
			CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
			CORNEAL BIOMECHANICS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 18 Infectious Conjunctivitis
			INTRODUCTION
			BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
			ETIOLOGY
			VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
			FUNGAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
			CONCLUSION
			DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 19 Conjunctival Inflammatory Disorders
			INTRODUCTION
			ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
			VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
			SUPERIOR LIMBIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
			GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNCTIVITIS
			TOXIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
			SARCOIDOSIS
			PHLYCTENULAR KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
			OPHTHALMIA NODOSA
			LIGNEOUS CONJUNCTIVITIS
			MASQUERADE SYNDROME
			STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME
			OCULAR CICATRICIAL PEMPHIGOID
			CONCLUSION
			ACKNOWLEDGMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 20 Pterygium
			INTRODUCTION
			PSEUDOPTERYGIUM
			STAGING SYSTEMS IN PTERYGIUM
			ETIOPATHOGENESIS
			PATHOLOGY
			SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
			RECURRENT PTERYGIUM
			PTERYGIUM AND ASTIGMATISM
			PREVENTION
			MANAGEMENT
			STRATEGIES FOR DECREASING PTERYGIUM RECURRENCE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 21 Ocular Surface Disorders
			INTRODUCTION
			FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
			HALLMARK CLINICAL FEATURES OF OCULAR SURFACE DISEASES
			OCULAR SURFACE FAILURE
			MANAGEMENT OF LIMBAL STEM CELL DEFICIENCY IN OCULAR SURFACE DISORDER
			MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT IN OCULAR SURFACE DISORDER
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 22 Dry Eye
			INTRODUCTION
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			DEFINITION
			CLASSIFICATION OF DRY EYE
			SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
			PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
			DIAGNOSIS
			STAINING SYSTEMS
			OCULAR SURFACE HEALTH
			QUALITATIVE ASSAYS (LABORATORY TESTS)
			MANAGEMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 23 Infectious Keratitis
			INTRODUCTION
			23.1 BACTERIAL KERATITIS
				EPIDEMIOLOGY
				PATHOGENESIS
				CLINICAL FEATURES
				DIAGNOSIS
				TREATMENT (FLOWCHART 23.1.2)
				REFERENCES
			23.2 FUNGAL KERATITIS
				INTRODUCTION
				CLASSIFICATION
				PATHOGENESIS
				CLINICAL FEATURES
				INVESTIGATIONS
				TREATMENT
				PYTHIUM INSIDIOSUM KERATITIS
				REFERENCES
			23.3 ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
				INTRODUCTION
				RISK FACTORS
				FORMS OF ACANTHAMOEBA
				PATHOGENESIS
				DIAGNOSIS
				CLINICAL FEATURES
				REFERENCES
				TREATMENT
		Chapter 24 Viral Keratitis
			INTRODUCTION
			HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS KERATITIS
			RECURRENT OCULAR HERPES
			PRIMARY OCULAR HERPES
			INFECTIOUS EPITHELIAL KERATITIS
			STROMAL KERATITIS
			HERPETIC ENDOTHELIITIS
			DIAGNOSIS
			TREATMENT
			MANAGEMENT OF NEUROTROPHIC KERATITIS
			MANAGEMENT OF EPITHELIAL KERATITIS
			MANAGEMENT OF STROMAL KERATITIS AND ENDOTHELIITIS
			HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS
			ADENOVIRAL KERATITIS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 25 Immunological Disorders of Cornea
			PERIPHERAL ULCERATIVE KERATITIS
			INTRODUCTION
			KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA
			INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
			OCULAR ROSACEA
			PHLYCTENULOSIS
			STAPHYLOCOCCAL MARGINAL KERATITIS
			STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME
			FUCHS’ SUPERFICIAL MARGINAL KERATITIS
			THYGESON’S SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS
			IMMUNE CORNEAL RING
			SUPERIOR LIMBIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 26 Corneal Ectatic Disorders
			INTRODUCTION
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
			DIAGNOSIS
			CLINICAL FEATURES
			INVESTIGATIONS
			CLASSIFICATION
			TREATMENT
			OTHER COMMON ECTATIC DISORDERS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 27 Corneal Degenerations
			INTRODUCTION
			INVOLUTIONAL OR AGE-RELATED CORNEAL DEGENERATIONS
			PERIPHERAL CORNEAL DEGENERATIONS
			CENTRAL CORNEAL DEGENERATIONS
			CORNEAL DEGENERATIONS DUE TO EXTERNAL CLIMATIC FACTORS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 28 Corneal Dystrophies
			INTRODUCTION
			EPITHELIAL AND SUBEPITHELIAL DYSTROPHIES
			STROMAL DYSTROPHIES
			ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHIES
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 29 Eye Banking
			INTRODUCTION
			EYE BANK HISTORY
			EYE BANK STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
			EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR AN EYE BANK
			DONOR ELIGIBILITY
			QUALITY ASSURANCE
			TISSUE RETRIEVAL
			LABORATORY PROCESSING
			REGULATORY LAWS AND STANDARDS FOR AN EYE BANK
			ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 30 Corneal Transplantation
			INTRODUCTION
			HISTORY OF CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION
			PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY
			ANTERIOR LAMELLAR KERATOPLASTY
			ENDOTHELIAL KERATOPLASTY
			PEDIATRIC PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 31 Contact Lenses
			INTRODUCTION
			EFFECT OF CONTACT LENS ON THE CORNEA AND OCULAR SURFACE
			INDICATIONS FOR CONTACT LENS WEAR
			BROAD GUIDELINES FOR CONTACT LENS FITTING
			CONTACT LENS FITTING IN IRREGULAR CORNEA AND POST-REFRACTIVE SURGERY
			SCLERAL LENSES
			COMPLICATIONS WITH CONTACT LENS WEAR
			PATHOGENESIS
			THERAPEUTIC (BANDAGE) CONTACT LENS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 32 Refractive Surgeries
			INTRODUCTION
			CORNEA-BASED PROCEDURES
			LENS-BASED REFRACTIVE SURGERIES
			REFRACTIVE SURGERIES FOR PRESBYOPIA
			REFERENCES
	Part 6 The Lens, Cataract and its Management
		Chapter 33 Femtosecond Laser in Cataract Surgery
			INTRODUCTION
			TECHNOLOGY
			OUTCOMES DATA
			BEST PRACTICES
			CATARACT SURGERY FOLLOWING FEMTOSECOND LASER
			CONCLUSION AND THE FUTURE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 34 Choosing the Best Intraocular Lens for the Patient's Needs
			INTRODUCTION
			INTRAOCULAR LENS MATERIAL
			LIGHT-FILTERING INTRAOCULAR LENSES
			ASPHERIC VERSUS SPHERICAL INTRAOCULAR LENSES
			PRESBYOPIA-TREATING INTRAOCULAR LENSES
			TORIC INTRAOCULAR LENSES
			INTRAOCULAR LENSES IN THE SETTING OF DECREASED CAPSULAR SUPPORT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 35 Astigmatism Vectors in Cataract Surgery
			INTRODUCTION
			SURGICAL PLANNING TO CORRECT ASTIGMATISM
			OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
			TIPS AND TRICKS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 36 Management of the Small Pupil during Cataract Surgery
			INTRODUCTION
			PREOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
			INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
			SURGICAL PEARLS FOR CHALLENGING CASES
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 37 IOL Calculations: The Past, the Present and the Future
			INTRODUCTION
			THE PAST
			THE PRESENT
			THE FUTURE
			CONFLICT OF INTEREST
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 38 Optical Coherence Tomography Abnormalities of the Retina that may Affect the Outcome of Cataract Surgery
			RETINAL DISEASES AFFECTING VISUAL OUTCOME
			MACULAR DISEASE AFFECTING PERIOPERATIVE PLANNING
			CATARACT SURGERY IMPACTING MACULAR DISEASE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 39 Intraoperative Aberrometry
			TECHNOLOGY
			INTRODUCTION
			OUTCOMES DATA
			BEST PRACTICES
			COMPLEX DECISION-MAKING
			CASE EXAMPLES
			THE FUTURE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 40 Managing a Ruptured Capsule during Cataract Surgery
			INTRODUCTION
			IDENTIFYING A RUPTURED CAPSULE
			PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
			REFERENCES
			POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
		Chapter 41 Challenging Cataract Cases: Posterior Polar
			INTRODUCTION
			CLINICAL PRESENTATION
			RISK FOR POSTERIOR CAPSULE RUPTURE
			SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
			INTRAOCULAR LENS SELECTION AND IMPLANTATION
			PROGNOSIS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 42 Challenging Cataract Cases: Dense Brunescent Cataracts and White Cataracts
			INTRODUCTION
			DENSE BRUNESCENT CATARACTS
			DENSE WHITE CATARACTS
			ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES: FEMTOSECOND LASER-ASSISTED CATARACT SURGERY AND INTRAOPERATIVE REFRACTIVE BIOMETRY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 43 Challenging Cataract Cases: Highly Myopic and Hyperopic Eyes
			HIGH MYOPIA
			HIGH HYPEROPIA
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 44 Challenging Cataract Cases: Weak Zonules, Pseudoexfoliation, and Traumatic Cataracts
			INTRODUCTION
			WEAK ZONULES
			PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME
			TRAUMATIC CATARACTS
			SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
	Part 7 Retina and Vitreous
		Chapter 45 Dye-based Angiography (Fluorescein Angiography and Indocyanine Green) and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
			FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
			INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY
			INTERPRETATION
			POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
			CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
			CHOROIDAL TUMORS
			PERIPHERAL EXUDATIVE HEMORRHAGIC CHORIORETINOPATHY
			MYOPIA
			REFERENCES
			STARGARDT DISEASE
		Chapter 46 Optical Coherence Tomography
			INTRODUCTION
			PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
			PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
			NORMAL RETINAL ANATOMY
			NORMAL CHOROIDAL ANATOMY
			QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
			IMAGE ARTIFACTS
			OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN RETINAL DISEASE
			FUTURE DIRECTIONS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 47 Fundus Autofluorescence and Multicolor Imaging
			INTRODUCTION
			SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPY
			FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE IMAGING
			MULTICOLOR IMAGING
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 48 Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema
			DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
			EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
			NATURAL EVOLUTION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: ETDRS SEVERITY GRADING
			SYSTEMIC AND OCULAR FACTORS INFLUENCING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PROGRESSION Systemic Factors
			PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
			DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
			PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
			MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 49 Retinal Vascular Occlusions
			OVERVIEW
			INTRODUCTION
			VASCULAR ANATOMY
			HISTOPATHOLOGY OF ARTERIAL OCCLUSIONS
			IMAGING
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			MECHANISMS OF OCCLUSION
			CLINICAL FINDINGS
			MANAGEMENT
			OCULAR ISCHEMIC SYNDROME
			ORBITAL INFARCTION SYNDROME
			RETINAL VENOUS OCCLUSIONS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 50 Age-related Macular Degeneration
			INTRODUCTION
			CLASSIFICATION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
			EARLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
			CLINICAL AND IMAGING FEATURES OF AMD BY STAGE
			RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
			MANAGEMENT OF AMD
			REFERENCES
			CONCLUSION
		Chapter 51 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Pachychoroid Disease
			INTRODUCTION
			CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
			PACHYCHOROID
			FOCAL CHOROIDAL EXCAVATION
			CONCLUSION
			DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 52 Pathologic Myopia
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			ANATOMIC CHANGES IN THE EYE ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA
			CLINICAL FEATURES OF PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA INVOLVING THE POSTERIOR POLE
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 53 Hereditary Macular Dystrophies
			INTRODUCTION
			APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH A MACULAR DYSTROPHY
			PURPOSE OF CARE FOR MACULAR DYSTROPHY PATIENTS
			INVESTIGATIONS FOR MACULAR DYSTROPHY PATIENTS
			INHERITED DYSTROPHIES OF THE MACULA VERSUS PANRETINAL DISEASE
			STARGARDT DISEASE (
			ASSOCIATED MACULAR DYSTROPHY)
			GENETIC TESTING FOR MACULAR DYSTROPHIES
			BEST VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY (
			ASSOCIATED MACULAR DYSTROPHY)
			PATTERN DYSTROPHIES AND
			ASSOCIATED MACULAR DYSTROPHY
			AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DRUSEN (
			ASSOCIATED MACULAR DYSTROPHY)
			EMERGING THERAPIES FOR MACULAR DYSTROPHIES
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 54 Peripheral Retinal Degenerations
			INTRODUCTION
			RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA AND ALLIED DISORDERS
			VARIATIONS IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA DISTRIBUTION AND FUNDUS APPEARANCE
			VARIATIONS IN AGE OF ONSET
			SYNDROMIC RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
			TREATMENT
			GENETIC TESTING AND COUNSELING
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 55 Tumors and Paraneoplastic Disorders
			INTRODUCTION
			IRIS TUMORS
			CHOROIDAL TUMORS
			RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM TUMORS
			RETINAL TUMORS
			PARANEOPLASTIC DISORDERS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 56 Vitreoretinal Interface Diseases of the Macula
			INTRODUCTION
			NORMAL VITREORETINAL INTERFACE ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
			PRIMARY VITREOMACULAR ADHESION AND VITREOMACULAR TRACTION
			MACULAR HOLE
			EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE— A COMPLICATION OF VITREOMACULAR SEPARATION
			MYOPIC FOVEOSCHISIS AND ABNORMAL VITREOMACULAR ADHESION
			COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY FOR VITREORETINAL INTERFACE DISEASES OF THE MACULA
			COMBINED CATARACT SURGERY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 57 Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
			INCIDENCE OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
			PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
			DIAGNOSIS AND PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
			PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL RETINAL REATTACHMENT
			PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
			RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR TECHNIQUES
			OUTCOMES OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 58 Principles of Vitreoretinal Surgery
			BRIEF HISTORY OF VITREORETINAL SURGERY
			ANATOMY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND (PATHO-) PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VITREOUS AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE VITREORETINAL SURGEON
			EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, AND MATERIALS
			CAVEATS FOR THE VITREORETINAL SURGEON
			VITREORETINAL SURGERY: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
			MAJOR INDICATIONS FOR VITREORETINAL SURGERYe
			REFERENCES
			Standing from left to right
			Sitting from left to right
Volume2
	Title
	Copyright
	Dedication
	Section Editors
	Contributors
	Foreword
	Preface to the Second Edition
	Preface to the First Edition
	Acknowledgments
	Contents
	Part 8 Glaucoma
		Chapter 59 Examining the Eye for Glaucoma
			INTRODUCTION
			INITIAL EVALUATION
			FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 60 Visual Testing for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Glaucoma
			INTRODUCTION
			VISUAL FIELD TESTING PROCEDURES
			INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL FIELD INFORMATION
			LONGITUDINAL VISUAL FIELD INTERPRETATION
			SPECIALIZED VISUAL FIELD TESTING
			SHORT-WAVELENGTH AUTOMATED PERIMETRY
			FREQUENCY DOUBLING TECHNOLOGY PERIMETRY
			PULSAR PERIMETRY
			FLICKER PERIMETRY
			TABLET-BASED VISUAL FIELD TESTING
			RAREBIT PERIMETRY
			CONTRAST SENSITIVITY
			ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
			CONCLUSION
			ACKNOWLEDGMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 61 Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
			INTRODUCTION
			OPTIC NERVE HEAD IMAGING
			RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER IMAGING
			INTERPRETING THE ONH AND RNFL MEASUREMENTS ON SD-OCT IMAGING IN NORMAL AND GLAUCOMA EYES
			ONH AND RNFL IMAGING IN GLAUCOMA DIAGNOSIS
			ONH AND RNFL IMAGING IN MONITORING GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION
			LIMITATIONS OF ONH AND RNFL IMAGING
			SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 62 Open-angle Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Clinical Course under Optimal Care
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			RISK FACTORS FOR PREVALENT AND INCIDENT OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
			NATURAL HISTORY
			CLINICAL COURSE UNDER OPTIMAL CARE
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 63 Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Clinical Course under Optimal Care
			INTRODUCTION
			DEFINITION
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			CLASSIFICATION
			ETIOLOGY AND MECHANISM OF PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
			RISK FACTORS FOR ANGLE CLOSURE
			EVALUATION
			ACUTE PRIMARY ANGLE CLOSURE
			PLATEAU IRIS CONFIGURATION AND SYNDROME
			MANAGEMENT
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 64 Medical Treatment of Glaucoma
			INTRODUCTION
			WHEN TO PURSUE MEDICAL THERAPY
			TARGET PRESSURE
			FIVE MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS
			QUALITY OF LIFE AND ADHERENCE
			NEW MEDICATIONS
			COMBINATION THERAPY
			PRESERVATIVE-FREE MEDICATIONS
			SUCCESS
			FOLLOW-UP
			OCULAR HYPERTENSION
			MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ANGLECLOSURE GLAUCOMA
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 65 Office-based Laser Treatments for Glaucoma
			LASER TRABECULOPLASTY
			BASICS OF LASER PROCEDURES
			LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDOTOMY
			LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDOPLASTY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 66 Secondary Glaucomas: Modification of Treatment Algorithms to Maximize Outcomes
			INTRODUCTION
			PSEUDOEXFOLIATIVE GLAUCOMA
			PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA
			STEROID-INDUCED GLAUCOMA
			UVEITIC GLAUCOMA
			NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA
			POST-TRAUMATIC GLAUCOMA
			AQUEOUS MISDIRECTION SYNDROME
			PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY AND GLAUCOMA
			GLAUCOMA AFTER VITREORETINAL SURGERY
			LENS-INDUCED GLAUCOMA
			PHACOLYTIC GLAUCOMA
			PHACOANAPHYLACTIC GLAUCOMA
			LENS PARTICLE GLAUCOMA OR GLAUCOMA DUE TO RETAINED LENS FRAGMENT
			PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA
			REFERENCES
			PHACOTOPIC GLAUCOMA OR ECTOPIA LENTIS
		Chapter 67 Trabeculectomy: Benefits, Techniques, and Management of Complications
			TRABECULECTOMY: BENEFITS (AND CAVEATS)
			TRABECULECTOMY: PLANNING AND TIMING
			TRABECULECTOMY: TECHNIQUES
			TRABECULECTOMY: MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS (INCLUDING FIBROSIS)
			ACKNOWLEDGMENT
			SUGGESTED READING
		Chapter 68 Surgical Alternatives to Trabeculectomy in the Management of Glaucoma
			INTRODUCTION
			TRABECULAR MESHWORK BYPASS DEVICES
			VISCODILATION AND STENTING OF SCHLEMM’S CANAL
			VISCO360
			REFERENCES
			CONCLUSION
	Part 9 Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
		Chapter 69 Corneal Disorders in Children
			CONGENITAL CORNEAL OPACITIES
			CORNEAL ANOMALIES
			CORNEAL DYSTROPHIES
			INFECTIOUS KERATITIS
			INFLAMMATORY CORNEAL DISEASE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 70 Refractive Error in Childhood
			INTRODUCTION
			EMMETROPIZATION: NORMAL CHANGES IN REFRACTIVE ERROR
			MYOPIA EPIDEMIC
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 71 Amblyopia
			INTRODUCTION
			CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
			CLASSIFICATION
			MANAGEMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 72 Pediatric Cataract Surgery
			INTRODUCTION
			ETIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY
			INVESTIGATIONS
			ALTERNATIVE TO SURGERY
			CHOICE OF APHAKIC CORRECTION: SPECTACLES, CONTACT LENSES AND INTRAOCULAR LENSES
			POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT
			COMPLICATIONS
			AMBLYOPIA MANAGEMENT
			OPTIONS TO CORRECT MYOPIC SHIFT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 73 Childhood Glaucoma
			INTRODUCTION
			CLINICAL PRESENTATION
			CLASSIFICATION
			MANAGEMENT
			INVESTIGATIONS
			REFRACTION
			EXAMINATION UNDER ANESTHESIA
			TREATMENT
			SURGICAL THERAPY
			ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
			CYCLODESTRUCTION
			REFERENCES
			REFRACTIVE CORRECTION AND AMBLYOPIA THERAPY
		Chapter 74 Congenital Abnormalities of the Retina
			INTRODUCTION
			DISORDERS OF RETINAL VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT
			INFANTILE ONSET GENERALIZED RETINAL DYSTROPHIES
			DEVELOPMENTAL MACULAR DYSTROPHIES
			OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 75 Retinopathy of Prematurity
			INTRODUCTION
			NOMENCLATURE AND STANDARDIZATION
			HISTORY
			SCREENING AND SCREENING GUIDELINES
			DIGITAL IMAGING AND TELEMEDICINE
			TREATMENT AS PER THE EVIDENCEBASED STUDIES
			SURGERY FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
			REFERENCES
			CONCLUSION
		Chapter 76 Retinoblastoma
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			GENETICS
			CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS, AND CLASSIFICATION
			PATHOLOGY
			OTHER FORMS OF RETINOBLASTOMA
			TREATMENTS
			FOLLOW-UP/PROGNOSIS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 77 The Chiasm in Childhood
			GENETICS, EMBRYOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES THROUGH CHILDHOOD
			PRESENTATIONS, SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS: THE EASILY MISTAKEN DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDHOOD
			ANATOMY AND RELATIONS
			DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
			DEVELOPMENTAL TUMORS
			OTHER TUMORS AND SPACEOCCUPYING LESIONS
			INFLAMMATIONS AND VASCULAR DISEASE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 78 Nystagmus
			INTRODUCTION
			EVALUATION
			OCULAR EXAMINATION
			EARLY-ONSET (CHILDHOOD) NYSTAGMUS
			TREATMENT
			SURGERY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 79 Examination of a Child with Concomitant Strabismus
			INTRODUCTION
			EFFECTS OF STRABISMUS
			EVALUATION OF STRABISMUS
			TESTS FOR BINOCULAR VISION
			TESTS TO MEASURE STEREOACUITY
			MOTOR EVALUATION
			SPECIAL TESTS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 80 Congenital Esotropia
			INTRODUCTION
			HISTORY
			EXAMINATION
			MANAGEMENT OF EARLY ONSET ESOTROPIA
			RISKS AND BENEFITS OF TREATMENT
			COMPLICATIONS
			PRACTICE POINTS
			OUTCOME MEASURES
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 81 Accommodative Esotropia
			INTRODUCTION
			EPIDEMIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS
			DIAGNOSIS
			CLASSIFICATION
			DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
			ASSESSMENT
			TREATMENT
			LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
			CONTROVERSY
			CONCLUSION
			ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 82 Paralytic Strabismus in Childhood
			INTRODUCTION
			OCULOMOTOR NERVE PALSY/ PARESIS (THIRD CRANIAL NERVE)
			TROCHLEAR NERVE PALSY/PARESIS
			ABDUCENS NERVE PALSY/PARESIS (SIXTH CRANIAL NERVE)
			MULTIPLE OCULAR MOTOR NEUROPATHIES
			MYASTHENIA GRAVIS IN CHILDREN
			REFERENCES
	Part 10 Scleritis and Uveitis
		Chapter 83 Uveitis Nomenclature, Classification and Clinical Work-up in Uveitis
			INTRODUCTION
			AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH IN THE CLINICAL WORK-UP FOR UVEITIS
			HISTORY IN UVEITIS
			CLINICAL EXAMINATION
			CLASSIFICATION OF UVEITIS
			DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
			TREATMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 84 Infectious Uveitis
			OVERVIEW
			INTRODUCTION
			VIRAL UVEITIS
			PROTOZOAN UVEITIS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 85 Noninfectious Uveitis
			INTRODUCTION
			ANTERIOR UVEITIS
			INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS
			POSTERIOR UVEITIS
			PANUVEITIS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 86 Uveitis Masquerades
			INTRODUCTION
			NEOPLASTIC MASQUERADE SYNDROME
			ANCILLARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
			INTRAOCULAR DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
			OTHER LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES
			NON-LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE MALIGNANCIES
			TREATMENT OF INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA
			NON-NEOPLASTIC MASQUERADE SYNDROMES
			INTRAVITREAL OCULAR MEDICATIONS
			SYSTEMIC MEDICATIONS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 87 Investigations in Uveitis
			INTRODUCTION
			LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
			CLINICAL IMAGING INVESTIGATIONS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 88 Steroids, Immunosuppressives, and New Biologicals in Uveitis
			CORTICOSTEROIDS
			ANTIMETABOLITES
			CALCINEURIN (OR T-CELL) INHIBITORS
			BIOLOGICS
			ALKYLATING AGENTS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 89 The Eye and Selected Rheumatic Diseases: A Rheumatology Perspective
			INTRODUCTION
			RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
			SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
			SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
			GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS
			RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS
			TOXICITY FROM CHLOROQUINE AND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE
			REFERENCES
	Part 11 Neuro-ophthalmology
		Chapter 90 The Neuro-ophthalmic Examination
			INTRODUCTION
			NEURO-OPHTHALMIC HISTORY
			GENERAL MEDICAL EVALUATION
			VISUAL FIELD TESTING
			ANTERIOR SEGMENT AND POSTERIOR EVALUATION
			CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 91 The Swollen Optic Nerve
			INTRODUCTION
			DISTINGUISHING TRUE PAPILLEDEMA FROM PSEUDOPAPILLEDEMA
			ANCILLARY CLINICAL TESTING
			THE CLINICAL APPROACH AFTER THE DIAGNOSIS OF TRUE PAPILLEDEMA
			MANAGEMENT OF IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION
			DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION
			SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 92 Common Optic Neuropathies
			INTRODUCTION
			OPTIC NEUROPATHIES WITHOUT OPTIC NERVE DYSFUNCTION
			OPTIC NEUROPATHIES WITH OPTIC NERVE DYSFUNCTION
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 93 Neuroimaging in Neuro-ophthalmology
			COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
			INTRODUCTION
			Clinical Application
			MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
			Clinical Application
			Optic Nerve Tumors
			Infectious/Inflammatory/ Demyelinating Optic Neuropathies
			Papilledema/Elevated Intracranial Pressure
			Diplopia/Ocular Motility Disorders
			Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Angiography
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 94 Systemic Diseases and Neuro-ophthalmology
			INTRODUCTION
			VASCULAR DISEASES
			INFLAMMATORY-IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES
			INFECTIOUS DISEASES
			METABOLIC-TOXIC DISEASES
			MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES
			NEOPLASTIC AND PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES
			NEURO-OPHTHALMIC CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY
			REFERENCES
			CONCLUSION
		Chapter 95 Diplopia
			INTRODUCTION
			MONOCULAR DIPLOPIA
			BINOCULAR DIPLOPIA
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 96 Nystagmus and Disorders of Gaze
			WHAT IS NYSTAGMUS?
			CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NYSTAGMUS
			TYPES OF NYSTAGMUS
			INTRODUCTION TO GAZE
			NEUROANATOMY OF GAZE
			GAZE DISORDERS
			SACCADIC INTRUSIONS AND INVOLUNTARY GAZE
			SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 97 Functional Vision Loss
			INTRODUCTION
			POTENTIAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
			HISTORY AND TERMINOLOGY
			CLINICAL EXAMINATION
			DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
			MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 98 Topical Diagnosis of Visual Field Loss
			INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL FIELD TESTING
			PATTERNS OF VISUAL FIELD LOSS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 99 Vascular Diseases of the Central Nervous System and Orbit
			ANATOMY
			ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE
			INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS, DISSECTION AND HEMORRHAGE
			VENOUS OCCLUSIVE DISEASE
			VASCULAR TUMORS AND MALFORMATIONS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 100 Disorders of the Pupil
			INTRODUCTION
			EXAMINATION OF THE PUPILS
			ANISOCORIA
			LIGHT-NEAR DISSOCIATION
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
	Part 12 Orbit and Oculoplasty
		Chapter 101 Anatomy and Examination of the Eyelid, Orbit and Adnexa
			INTRODUCTION
			ORBIT
			LACRIMAL APPARATUS
			EYEBROWS
			EYELIDS
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 102 The Droopy Eyelid
			INTRODUCTION
			PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND DOCUMENTATION
			UPPER BLEPHAROPLASTY
			BROW PTOSIS REPAIR
			LOWER EYELID BLEPHAROPLASTY
			EYELID PTOSIS REPAIR
			COMPLICATIONS
			POSTOPERATIVE CARE
			SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 103 Eyelid Malposition
			INTRODUCTION
			AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN NORMAL ANATOMY
			EYELID MALPOSITION CATEGORIES
			EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH EYELID MALPOSITION DISORDERS
			ENTROPION
			ECTROPION
			OTHER EYELID MALPOSITIONS
			SUGGESTED READING
		Chapter 104 Eyelid Neoplasms: Evaluation and Management
			INTRODUCTION
			TYPES OF MALIGNANT EYELID NEOPLASMS
			EVALUATION
			MANAGEMENT
			NON-SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED TUMORS
			REFERENCES
			RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SURVEILLANCE
		Chapter 105 Orbital Tumors and Vascular Abnormalities
			INTRODUCTION
			VASCULAR TUMORS AND MALFORMATIONS
			SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
			NEURAL TUMORS
			LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE TUMORS
			METASTATIC ORBITAL TUMORS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 106 Lacrimal Gland Tumors: Evaluation and Management
			INTRODUCTION
			LYMPHOID TUMORS OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND
			OTHER TUMORS OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 107 Orbital and Periorbital Infections: Evaluation and Management
			INTRODUCTION
			BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
			NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
			FUNGAL INFECTIONS
			ORBITAL VIRAL INFECTIONS (FIGS. 107.8A AND B)
			INFECTIVE DACRYOADENITIS (FIGS. 107.9A TO C)
			ORBITAL TUBERCULOSIS (FIGS. 107.11A AND B)
			DACRYOCYSTITIS (FIG. 107.10)
			PARASITIC INFESTATIONS (TABLES 107.2 AND 107.3)
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 108 Orbital Inflammatory Disorders: Evaluation and Management
			INTRODUCTION
			INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 109 Thyroid Eye Disease: Evaluation and Management
			INTRODUCTION
			EPIDEMIOLOGY
			PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
			CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
			MANAGEMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 110 Orbitofacial Trauma
			INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
			PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
			ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURES
			MEDIAL WALL FRACTURES
			ORBITAL ROOF FRACTURES
			NASO-ORBITAL-ETHMOIDAL FRACTURES
			SUMMARY
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 111 The Anophthalmic Socket
			INTRODUCTION
			PATIENT EVALUATION
			SOCKET COMPLICATIONS
			EVISCERATION, ENUCLEATION, AND EXENTERATION: AN OVERVIEW
			SUMMARY
			NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE BLIND AND PAINFUL EYE
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 112 Diseases of the Lacrimal Drainage System
			INTRODUCTION
			CONGENITAL NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION
			PUNCTAL AGENESIS
			CONGENITAL LACRIMAL FISTULA
			CANALICULITIS
			PUNCTAL STENOSIS
			PRIMARY ACQUIRED NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION
			ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS
			SECONDARY ACQUIRED LACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION
			TUMORS OF THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
			QUALITY OF LIFE AND LACRIMAL DRAINAGE DISORDERS
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 113 Congenital Disorders of the Eyelid, Orbit, and Adnexa
			EYELID
			INTRODUCTION
			ORBIT
			LACRIMAL SYSTEM
			CONGENITAL TUMORS
			REVIEW OF SPECIFIC SYNDROMES
			CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROMES
			FIRST AND SECOND BRANCHIAL ARCH SYNDROMES
			SYNDROMES WITH LATERAL RECTUS DYSFUNCTION
			REFERENCES
	Part 13 Miscellaneous
		Chapter 114 Sterilization and Aseptic Practices in an Ophthalmic Operation Theater
			INTRODUCTION
			ASEPTIC PRACTICES FOR THE PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS
			DEFINITIONS
			STERILIZATION OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
			ENVIRONMENT IN THE OPERATING ROOM
			MICROBIOLOGY SURVEILLANCE
			TOXIC ANTERIOR SEGMENT SYNDROME
			REFERENCES
			CONCLUSION
		Chapter 115 Management of Ophthalmic Trauma
			EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OCULAR TRAUMA
			DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION IN OCULAR TRAUMA
			HISTORY AND EXAMINATION
			OPEN GLOBE INJURIES
			CLOSED GLOBE INJURIES
			CHEMICAL INJURIES
			OCULOPLASTIC TRAUMA
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 116 Community Perspectives to Ophthalmology
			INTRODUCTION: POPULATION HEALTH AND EYE HEALTH
			GLOBAL MAGNITUDE OF BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
			SPECIFIC BLINDING DISEASES
			FUNCTIONAL LOW VISION
			PROGRAMMATIC INITIATIVES
			RELEVANCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
			REFERENCES
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	V
	U
	X
	W
	Y
	Z