Complexity and Security (Nato Science for Peace and Series) (Nato Science for Peace and Series)

Title page......Page 1
Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Contents......Page 13
General survey......Page 21
The Notion of Security......Page 27
Defining security......Page 29
Introduction......Page 33
The passive supporter attitude......Page 34
Percolation theory: from physics to social properties......Page 35
"Terrorists must be like fishes in water. But they must find that water"......Page 38
From individual shifts to global properties......Page 42
From the model to some universal features of terrorism......Page 48
What is novel in current global terrorism?......Page 49
There exists no military solution......Page 51
From no feasible military solution to novel social perspectives......Page 52
Neutralizing flags to curb global terror......Page 55
Conclusion......Page 56
References......Page 57
Introduction......Page 59
Perception and reality......Page 60
The 'What' of security analysis-the domain of security from core to periphery......Page 61
The 'Who' of security analysis......Page 65
Management: the 'How' of security......Page 67
Conclusion......Page 70
References......Page 71
What is Complexity?......Page 73
An introduction to complexity......Page 75
The relation of complexity to systems theory......Page 79
Frustration......Page 81
Regulation......Page 83
Directive correlation......Page 85
Delayed feedback......Page 86
Implications of complexity......Page 87
Emergence......Page 88
Innovation......Page 89
Introduction......Page 91
Complexity and crises......Page 92
Urban and regional complexity......Page 97
Anticipating crises......Page 100
The output......Page 102
Analysing the structure......Page 106
Scenarios......Page 109
Implications......Page 111
References......Page 112
Types of complexity......Page 113
Intrinsic complexity......Page 114
Encoding an object......Page 116
Regularity and randomness......Page 117
Information......Page 118
Algorithmic information content (AIC)......Page 119
Effective complexity (EC)......Page 120
Physical complexity (PC)......Page 121
Bibliography......Page 122
Context: soil and security......Page 123
Soils and complexity......Page 126
Nonlinearity......Page 131
Indeterminacy......Page 133
Emergent behaviour......Page 135
Self-organization......Page 138
References......Page 139
Controlled disorders, nanoscience, nanotechnology and spintronics......Page 143
Travelling electrical domains on localized states-disorder of semiconductor electronic structures......Page 151
Diluted magnetic semiconductors......Page 154
Novel polymer nanocomposites for microsensors......Page 157
Spin-polarized transport in semiconductors......Page 159
Modelling of quantum systems-the way of quantum device design......Page 161
References......Page 162
Climate and Energy......Page 165
Introduction to global warming......Page 167
The measurement of temperature and solar output......Page 170
The Earth's energy balance......Page 175
Industrial activity......Page 179
Solar flux......Page 180
Albedo......Page 182
Biogenic factors......Page 184
Anthropogenic factors......Page 188
The carbon cycle......Page 191
The sulfur cycle......Page 194
Consequences of global warming......Page 195
Conclusions......Page 201
List of the most common symbols......Page 204
Climate change......Page 205
Primary energy resources......Page 213
Oil production......Page 214
The chaos of the reserves......Page 215
Natural gas......Page 217
Coal......Page 218
Carbon dioxide capture and storage and clean coal technologies......Page 219
Uranium resources and nuclear energy......Page 220
Contribution of all fossil and nuclear fuels......Page 222
What is the solution for saving the planet?-the global energy (r)evolution......Page 224
The hydrogen economy......Page 235
Conclusions......Page 236
Complexity in environmental and meteorological research......Page 239
"Natural disasters" as a dynamic category of environmental phenomena-climate change......Page 240
The 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957-58; from IGY (1957-58) to IPY (2007-2008)......Page 242
The 2007 IPCC report......Page 244
Sources of and sinks for carbon dioxide in the biosphere......Page 247
Anthropogenic sources of carbon......Page 249
Conclusions......Page 253
References......Page 255
Introduction......Page 257
No present scientific certainty about human guilt......Page 260
Social warming worse than global warming!......Page 264
Bibliography......Page 265
The Technology of Security......Page 267
Complex technology: a promoter of security and insecurity......Page 269
Introduction......Page 285
Structure of a protective system......Page 287
Parameters of influence......Page 288
Main parameters of the protective system......Page 289
Hydraulic shock energy absorber with a pyrotechnic element......Page 291
References......Page 294
Introduction......Page 297
Plants and remediation pathways......Page 299
The role of enzymes......Page 303
Degradation processes......Page 308
Plant ultrastructure dynamics due to xenobiotics......Page 310
Plants as remediators......Page 312
References......Page 314
Introduction......Page 319
Service-oriented architecture......Page 320
The problems of information security in modern information and communication systems......Page 327
The methodology of synthesis of information security systems in information and communication systems......Page 330
The problem of structural synthesis of the information security system with an optimal level of information protection......Page 331
The problem of parametric synthesis of an information security system with an optimal level of information protection......Page 333
References......Page 335
Introduction......Page 337
Assessment matrix......Page 338
Risk governance strategies......Page 341
Step by step......Page 342
New technologies......Page 343
Standards......Page 344
Towards an integrative approach......Page 345
References......Page 346
The formation of a global information society, digital divide and trends in the Georgian telecommunications market......Page 349
Development dynamics of the Georgian telecommunications market, 2000-2006......Page 359
Fixed line telecommunication services......Page 363
Internet services......Page 364
References......Page 366
Psychological, Social, Political, Economic and Ethical Aspects of Security......Page 369
Psychological, social, economic and political aspects of security......Page 371
Introduction......Page 389
Science and technology payoff......Page 390
The role of governments in R&D funding is decreasing......Page 392
Technology output is reflected in technology trade......Page 393
Increasing globalization of the R&D enterprise......Page 395
Communicating the value of science......Page 396
The actuality of the problem......Page 399
Society as a system......Page 400
Neural model......Page 401
Social behaviour......Page 403
Hierarchic model......Page 405
Some reflexions on NATO and Georgia......Page 406
Conclusions......Page 407
References......Page 408
An abstract model of political relationships: modeling interstate relations......Page 409
Introduction......Page 413
The transition history......Page 415
Fifteen years to promote economic transition......Page 416
The major achievements......Page 420
Does the transition make you happy?......Page 422
Sources consulted......Page 423
Children and security: "A child has the right to be defended from birth"......Page 425
Subject Index......Page 431
Author Index......Page 437