Complex Brain Functions: Conceptual Advances in Russian Neuroscience

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Series Preface......Page 8
Introduction......Page 13
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 17
2. THE EXISTENCE OF VOLUME TRANSMISSION IN THE STRIATUM......Page 18
3. MECHANISMS UNDERLYING VOLUME TRANSMISSION IN THESTRIATUM......Page 22
4. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF VOLUME TRANSMISSION IN THESTRIATUM......Page 23
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 31
2 Unitary Postsynaptic Mechanisms of LTP and LTD in theNeocortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum......Page 35
1.1. Mechanisms of Homosynaptic LTP and LTD of Excitatory Transmission in the Neocortex and Hippocampus......Page 36
1.2. Heterosynaptic and Associative LTP and LTD of Excitatory Transmission in the Neocortex and Hippocampus......Page 37
1.3. Mechanisms of LTD of Excitatory Inputs to the Cerebellar Purkinje Cell......Page 38
2.1. Is It Possible to Induce Non-Hebbian Types of LTD and LTP?......Page 39
2.3. Does a Sliding Modification Threshold and Metaplasticity Actually Exist?......Page 40
2.4. Does Receptor Phosphorylation Underlie LTD in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells?......Page 41
2.6. The Basis of the Suggested Unitary Model of Synaptic Plasticity......Page 42
3.1.The Participation of Ca2+-dependent Processes in the Modification of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission......Page 43
3.3. Proposed Participation of Inhibition in Heterosynaptic LTD Induction......Page 44
4.1.The Dependence of the Number of Phosphorylated Receptors on theParameters of Rhythmic Stimulation and the Post-tetanic Ca2+Rise......Page 46
4.2. Comparative Analysis of Different Conditions of LTP Induction......Page 48
4.3. The Participation of Modifiable Inhibition in Long-Term Strengthening of anExcitatory Signal......Page 49
4.5. Dependence of the Character of Homosynaptic and Heterosynaptic LTP andLTD on Previous Stimulation......Page 50
4.6. A Similarity between Theoretical and Experimental Features of SynapticEfficacy......Page 51
4.7. A Comparison with a Model Based on Metaplasticity......Page 52
5.1. Proposed Mechanisms for the Modification of Excitatory Inputs to aCerebellar Purkinje Cell......Page 54
5.2. Hypothetical Mechanism of cGMP Production in the Cerebellar Purkinje Cell......Page 57
5.3. Proposed Mechanisms of Modification of Inhibitory Inputs to a CerebellarPurkinje Cell......Page 58
6. CONCLUSION......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 60
Abbreviations used:......Page 64
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 67
2. A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON MEMORY CONSOLIDATION......Page 68
3. MEMORY CONSOLIDATION: A NEURAL SYSTEMS SCENARIO......Page 69
3.1. Multiple Memory Systems in the Brain......Page 70
3.2. Memory Consolidation as a Property of the Declarative Memory System......Page 71
3.4. Main Features of Network Models......Page 72
4. MEMORY CONSOLIDATION: A MOLECULAR GENETICS SCENARIO......Page 74
4.2. Immediate Early Genes and Memory Consolidation......Page 75
4.3. CREB and the Molecular Cascade Upstream to Immediate Early Genes......Page 77
4.4. Main Features of Molecular Models......Page 79
5. MEMORY CONSOLIDATION: TOWARDS A SYNTHETIC MODEL......Page 80
REFERENCES......Page 82
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 88
2. INFORMATIONAL SYNTHESIS AS THE BASIS OF SENSATION......Page 89
3. RE-ENTRY OF EXCITATION AS THE BRAIN BASIS OF MENTALFUNCTIONS......Page 92
4. THE MECHANISMS OF THOUGHT: INTERACTION FOCI AS DYNAMICFORMATIONS IN THE CORTEX PROVIDING INFORMATIONAL SYNTHESIS......Page 96
5. THE PROBLEM OF THE “SELF”......Page 102
6. THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF VERBAL FUNCTIONS......Page 105
7. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF MENTAL EXPERIENCE......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 108
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 112
2. HYPOTHESIS OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION......Page 113
3. FREQUENCY AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 118
4. THE SYSTEM OF AWARENESS......Page 120
5. NATURE OF VISION AND SENSATION......Page 123
6. CONCLUSION......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 126
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
3. THE CEREBRAL BASIS FOR ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS......Page 129
4. HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY OF EMOTIONS......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 141
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 143
2.1.1. The analysis by means of FFT......Page 145
2.1.2. Studies of EA by means of the FA-technique......Page 152
2.1.3. Study of EA with the help of the non-harmonic analysis......Page 154
2.2.1. Analysis by means of the FFT-technique......Page 155
3. HIGH-FREQUENCY ACTIVITY OF HIGH AMPLITUDE......Page 157
4. FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HF-COMPONENTS OF EA......Page 158
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 160
REFERENCES......Page 161
8 EEG Mapping in Emotional and Cognitive Pathology......Page 164
2. METHODS......Page 165
3.1. The Study of the Spectral Power of EEG Rhythms......Page 167
3.1.2. Schizophrenia......Page 168
3.2. The Study of Intracortical Interactions......Page 173
4. DISCUSSION......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 178
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 181
2. BRAIN ORGANIZATION OF ATTENTION DURING EXPECTANCY OF ASENSORY TASK......Page 182
3. BRAIN ORGANIZATION OF ATTENTION BEFORE A VERBAL TASK......Page 187
REFERENCES......Page 190
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 192
2. INDIVIDUALITY OF A NEURONE......Page 194
3. RESULTS OF BEHAVIOUR AS A DETERMINANT OF FORMING OFINDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE......Page 196
4. LEARNING HISTORY AND SYSTEMIC ORGANIZATION OF BEHAVIOUR......Page 197
5. “PROJECTION” OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE UPON BRAIN STRUCTURES AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS MODIFICATION......Page 200
6. FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN BEING—A SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE......Page 203
7. MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DYNAMICS OF INDIVIDUAL 
EXPERIENCEIN THE WAVEFORM OF EVENT-RELATED BRAIN POTENTIALS......Page 204
8. DYNAMICS OF ERP CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERSYSTEMRELATIONS DURING SKILL DEVELOPMENT......Page 205
9. STRUCTURE OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE IN DIAGNOSTICS OFPERSONALITY......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 208
2. REINFORCEMENT IN LEARNING THEORIES......Page 212
3. REINFORCEMENT: AN INDEPENDENT PHENOMENON OR A STATE OFTHE ORGANISM?......Page 214
4. SIMPLE NETWORKS AND REINFORCEMENT......Page 215
5. CELLULAR ORIGIN OF REINFORCEMENT IN A SIMPLE NETWORKDURING LEARNING......Page 216
6. SPECULATION: REINFORCEMENT=EMOTIONS......Page 217
REFERENCES......Page 220
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 223
2. CHANGE IN THE SENSORY BASIS OF EARLY BEHAVIOUR......Page 225
3. INFLUENCE OF LIMITED SENSORY INFLOW ON THE MATURATIONOF EARLY BEHAVIOUR......Page 233
4. IMPACT OF THE LIMITATION OF SENSORY INPUT DURING THE DEVELOPMENTAL CRITICAL PERIODS ON LEARNING IN ADULTANIMALS......Page 235
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 240
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 242
2.1. Monkeys......Page 243
2.2. Fish......Page 244
3.1. Monkeys......Page 245
3.2 Fish......Page 248
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 255
2. VISUAL PERCEPTION OF MOTION......Page 256
2.1. The Law of Common Fate......Page 257
3. GNOSTIC UNITS......Page 258
4. WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE ENDOGENOUS OSCILLATIONS?GAMMA PACEMAKER POTENTIALS......Page 262
5.1. Bottom-up and Top-down Operations......Page 267
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 269
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 271
2. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES......Page 275
3. ROLE OF THE STRIATAL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM IN REGULATION OFMOTOR COMPONENTS OF LEARNED MOVEMENT......Page 277
4. ROLE OF THE STRIATAL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM IN REGULATION OFSENSORY COMPONENTS OF LEARNED MOVEMENT......Page 286
REFERENCES......Page 293
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 297
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 305
17 Biochemical Correlates of Individual Behaviour......Page 309
REFERENCES......Page 322
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 325
2. ACTIVE DEFENCE AGGRESSION......Page 326
3. PASSIVE DEFENCE FREEZING......Page 332
4. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF BRAIN SEROTONIN METABOLISM AND 5-HT1A RECEPTORS IN ANIMALS WITH A GENETICALLY DEFINED PREDISPOSITION…......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 334
Index......Page 338