Complete Japanese grammar

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
1 Introducing Japanese sounds, word order, and writing systems
	Basic sounds
	Pitch
	Basic hiragana
	Katakana
	Kanji
	Basic word order and particles
	Speech styles
2 Nouns
	Proper nouns
	Respectful titles
	Common nouns
	Compound nouns
	Demonstrative pronouns
	Personal pronouns
	The particle no
	Kinship terms
3 Numbers
	Bare numbers based on the Chinese system
	The native Japanese number system
	Class counters
	Ordinal counters
	Expressing time
	Expressing months and days
	Unit counters
	. . . me
4 Basic verb forms
	Dictionary form
	Masu form
	Nai form
	Stem form
	Ru verbs and u verbs
	Irregular verbs
	Conjugation patterns
	Te form
	Ta form
	Nakatta form
	Conjugating verbs in the plain form
	Conjugating verbs in the polite form
	Progressive form
	Potential form
	Conjugating the copular verb desu
5 Verb types
	suru verbs
	Existential verbs  aru and iru
	Transitive and intransitive verbs
	Inherently potential verbs
	Verbs with hidden become/get
	Verbs of giving and receiving
6 Auxiliaries that follow verbs in the te form
	. . . te + ageru, etc. (helpfulness)
	. . . te + iru (progressive, resulting, and habitual states)
	. . . te + shimau (completion)
	. . . te + oku (preparation)
	. . . te + miru (trial)
	. . . te + iku and kuru (progress)
	. . . te + aru (resulting state)
	. . . te + hoshii (desire)
7 Particles
	o(direct object)
	ga (subject)
	ni (at, in, to)
	de (at, by, in, with)
	e(toward, to)
	kara (from)
	made (until)
	no (of, ’s)
	to, ya, and ka (listing nouns)
	wa (topic)
	mo (addition)
	bakari (nothing but . . . )
	shika (only)
	dake (just/only)
	demo (even)
8 Adjectives and adverbs
	Adjective types
	Basic adjective forms
	Multiple subjects
	Te forms of adjectives
	Degree adverbs
	Frequency adverbs
	Adverbs derived from adjectives
	Adverb + suru/ naru (change)
	Adverbs made from onomatopoeia and mimetic words
	Comparing two items
	Equivalent-degree comparison
	Comparing activities
	Superlative comparison
9 Sentence types
	Statements
	Questions
	Sentences with indefinite pronouns
	Enriching statements
	Suggestions, requests, and commands
10 Complex words and phrases
	. . . sugiru, etc. (verbal compound)
	. . . yasui / . . . nikui (toughness)
	. . . tai (to want to do . . . )
	. . . garu (to show the signs of . . . )
	Noun + rashii (typical)
	Noun +  no yo n a (simile)
	Noun +  mitai na (simile)
	Stem form + so na (appearance)
	Volitional form + to omou (intention)
	Volitional form + to suru (attempt)
	. . . + / yo ni suru/naru (change)
	. . . + / koto ni + suru/naru (decision)
	. . . koto ga dekiru (potential)
	. . . koto ga aru (experience)
11 Clauses
	. . . to and . . . ka (verb complement clause)
	. . . mae ni (adverbial clause before . . . ) and . . . ato ni (adverbial clause after . . . )
	. . . aida ni (adverbial clause during/while . . . )
	. . . uchi ni (adverbial clause during/while/before . . . )
	. . . toki ni (adverbial clause at the time when . . . )
	. . . nagara (adverbial clause simultaneously)
	. . . kara and . . . node (adverbial clause because . . . )
	. . . ga and . . . noni (adverbial clause although . . . )
	Noun modifier clauses (which/that . . . )
12 Conjunctions
	Listing nouns with to (exhaustive), ya (partial), ka (disjunctive), and mo (addition)
	Listing verbs with te forms
	Listing adjectives with te forms
	Listing verbs and adjectives as examples using the tari form
	Listing verbs and adjectives emphatically using shi
	Sentence conjunctions
13 Conditionals
	. . . tara (whenever, when, if)
	. . . ba (whenever, when, if)
	. . . to (whenever, when)
	. . . nara (if it is the case that . . . . )
	. . . te mo (even if/though, no matter . . . )
	Permission and prohibition
	Obligation and discretion
14 Passives and causatives
	Passive verbs
	Direct passive
	Indirect passive
	Causative verbs
	Make-causative and let-causative
	Causative with auxiliary verbs of giving and receiving
	Causative passive
15 Honorifics
	Special honorific verbs
	. . . (r)areru (respectful form of verbs)
	+ stem + o. . . ni naru (respectful)
	+ stem + o. . . suru (humble)
	Asking for permission very politely
	Making a request very politely
	Using oand go before a noun
	Family terms
	Honorific forms for adjectives
	Honorific/polite question words
16 Review Exercises
Appendix A: Basic verb forms
Appendix B: Basic sentence predicate forms
Japanese–English glossary
English–Japanese glossary
Answer key