Comparative Demography of the Syrian Diaspora: European and Middle Eastern Destinations (European Studies of Population, 20)

Preface\nContents\nPart I: Genesis of the Syrian Diaspora\n	Chapter 1: Conceptualizing the Syrian Refugee Crisis and Migration during Armed Conflict\n		1.1 The Syrian Refugee Crisis\n		1.2 Defining the Gaps- What Do We Not Understand That Could Be Useful?\n		1.3 Purpose of This Edited Volume\n		1.4 Social Science as a Foundation for the Study of Migration During Armed Conflict\n	Chapter 2: Baseline Demographic Profile of Syria in 2009\n		2.1 Data Documentation\n		2.2 Population Characteristics\n			2.2.1 Population Age Structure\n			2.2.2 Education by Age and Sex\n			2.2.3 Education by Urban/Rural Residence\n			2.2.4 Education by Governate\n			2.2.5 Marital Status by Gender\n		2.3 Number of Live Births\n		2.4 Religious and Ethnic Composition\n			2.4.1 Short Political History: Baath Party\n			2.4.2 Alawites and Shias\n			2.4.3 Sunnis\n			2.4.4 Christians\n			2.4.5 Kurds\n			2.4.6 Druze\n		References\n	Chapter 3: Surveying Syrians in Diaspora: Methodological Aspects for Planning and Implementing Longitudinal Studies\n		3.1 Introduction\n		3.2 Literature Review\n		3.3 Methods and Sampling\n			3.3.1 DiPAS Sampling and Interview Locations\n			3.3.2 DiPAS Thematic Scope and Questionnaires\n			3.3.3 DiPAS Samples\n			3.3.4 FIMAS Sampling and Interview Locations\n			3.3.5 FIMAS Thematic Scope and Questionnaires\n			3.3.6 FIMAS Samples\n		3.4 Reflections from the Field\n			3.4.1 Language\n			3.4.2 Sensitive Topics\n			3.4.3 Cultural Diversity\n			3.4.4 Contact and Response Rates in the Longitudinal Samples\n		3.5 Discussion\n		References\nPart II: Population Movement to Front-Line States\n	Chapter 4: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Turkey\n		4.1 Introduction\n		4.2 Movements of Syrians into Turkey and Legal Framework\n		4.3 Movements of Syrians Out of Turkey\n		4.4 Other Status Holder Syrians in Turkey\n		4.5 Size and Demographic Structure of the Syrian Population in Turkey\n		4.6 Geographical Distribution of the Syrian Population in Turkey\n		4.7 Syrian Refugees in Turkey and Education\n		4.8 Labor Force Participation of Syrians in Turkey\n		4.9 Discussion\n		References\n	Chapter 5: The Situation of Syrian Women in Turkey\n		5.1 Problems of Women Among Syrian Refugees\n		5.2 Polygamy as a Social Problem in Turkish Society\n		5.3 Polygamy as a Problem for Displaced Syrian Women\n		5.4 Research Design\n			5.4.1 In-depth Interview Procedures\n			5.4.2 Content Analysis\n		5.5 Results of Interviews and Participant Observation\n		5.6 Results of Content Analysis\n			5.6.1 Women Abuse, Child Abuse and Sex Trafficking\n			5.6.2 Blaming the Syrian Women\n			5.6.3 Marriages to “Save” Syrian Women\n		5.7 Conclusions\n		References\n	Chapter 6: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Jordan and Lebanon\n		6.1 Introduction\n		6.2 Policy Context for the Syrian Refugee Response in Jordan and Lebanon\n			6.2.1 Lebanon\n			6.2.2 Jordan\n			6.2.3 Policies Towards Palestine Refugees from Syria\n		6.3 Data Sources\n		6.4 Number, Geographic Distribution and Age-Sex Structure of the Syrian Population\n			6.4.1 Number of Syrians Over Time\n			6.4.2 Geographic Distribution\n			6.4.3 Population Structure\n		6.5 Marital Status and Household Structure\n		6.6 Educational Attainment\n			6.6.1 Educational Enrollments of Current Refugee Children\n		6.7 Discussion and Conclusions\n		References\nPart III: Population Movement to Non-contiguous European States\n	Chapter 7: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Austria\n		7.1 Syrians in Austria: Time Line of Migration Flows\n		7.2 Characteristics of the Syrian Population in Austria\n			7.2.1 Legal Status\n			7.2.2 Housing and Residential Location\n			7.2.3 Fertility\n		7.3 Micro-level Data on Syrian Refugees in Austria\n			7.3.1 Educational Profile and Economic Status\n			7.3.2 Family Status\n			7.3.3 Economic Status\n			7.3.4 Ethnic and Religious Identity\n		7.4 Conclusions\n		References\n	Chapter 8: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Belgium\n		8.1 Introduction\n		8.2 Data Sources and Literature on Population of Syrian Origin in Belgium\n		8.3 Syrian Migration into Belgium, 2011–2017\n			8.3.1 Immigration to Belgium: Recent Trends\n			8.3.2 Declared Migration and International Protection\n			8.3.3 Syrian Asylum Seekers in Belgium: Mode of Arrival and Recognition Rates\n			8.3.4 Demographic Changes in Immigration Flows\n			8.3.5 Legal Processes for Syrian Immigration\n			8.3.6 Outmigration\n		8.4 Population of Syrian Origin: Size and Composition\n			8.4.1 Syrian Nationals (Current Syrian Nationality) and People of Syrian Origin (Syrian Nationality at Birth)\n			8.4.2 Country of Birth of People of Syrian Origin in Belgium: A Large Majority of Immigrants\n			8.4.3 Changes in Age and Sex Composition, 2011–2017\n			8.4.4 Comparison of Age and Sex Composition with Other Groups\n		8.5 Characteristics of Syrian Population Circa 2017\n			8.5.1 Type of Residence Permit\n			8.5.2 Geographic Distribution\n			8.5.3 Family Status and Living Arrangements\n			8.5.4 Economic Activities\n		8.6 Conclusion\n		Annex (Tables 8.10, 8.11, and 8.12)\n		References\n	Chapter 9: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Germany and Aspects of Integration\n		9.1 Migration from Syria to Germany\n		9.2 Developments since the Outbreak of the War in Syria 2011\n			9.2.1 Syrian Migrants in Germany in 2010\n			9.2.2 In- and Out-Migration from 2010 to 2017\n				9.2.2.1 Overview\n				9.2.2.2 Asylum\n				9.2.2.3 Humanitarian Admission and Resettlement\n				9.2.2.4 Family Migration\n				9.2.2.5 Further Types of Migration\n				9.2.2.6 Return to Syria and Onward Migration to Other Countries\n		9.3 Syrian Migrants in Germany 2016/2017\n			9.3.1 Duration of Stay and Residence Status\n			9.3.2 Age and Sex Ratio\n			9.3.3 Spatial Distribution and Housing\n				9.3.3.1 Spatial Distribution\n				9.3.3.2 Housing\n			9.3.4 Family Status and Living Arrangements\n			9.3.5 Educational Profile\n			9.3.6 Economic Status\n			9.3.7 Ethnic and Religious Affiliation\n			9.3.8 Acquisition of German citizenship\n		9.4 Conclusion and Outlook\n		References\n	Chapter 10: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Italy\n		10.1 Introduction\n		10.2 Arrival and Registration: Contradictory Statistics\n		10.3 Demographic Characteristics and Geographic Distribution of Syrians in Italy\n		10.4 A Summary Picture of Syrians in Italy\n		References\n	Chapter 11: Demographic Profile of Syrians in the Netherlands\n		11.1 Introduction and Background\n		11.2 Syrian Population by Age and Sex in 2010–2011\n		11.3 Annual In/Out-Migration of Syrians 2010–2017\n		11.4 Resident Syrian Population by Age and Sex in 2018\n		11.5 Legal Status of the Syrian Population, 2018\n		11.6 Residential Location and Housing\n		11.7 An Educational Profile\n		11.8 Family Status and Living Arrangements\n		11.9 Economic Status and Labour Market Situation\n		11.10 Identity, Health and Return Intentions\n		References\n	Chapter 12: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Norway\n		12.1 Introduction\n		12.2 Syrian Immigrants Living in Norway in 2011\n			12.2.1 Age and Duration of Stay: Similar to Other Immigrants\n			12.2.2 The Majority Were Norwegian Citizens\n			12.2.3 Many Refugees and Family Migrants\n			12.2.4 Most Adult Women Were Married\n			12.2.5 Many Lived in Oslo, Larvik and Kristiansand\n		12.3 In- and Out-Migration of Syrians 2011–2018\n			12.3.1 Emigration: Few Leave, but Some Go to Sweden\n		12.4 Syrians in Norway in 2018\n			12.4.1 From the 50th to the 5th Largest Immigrant Group\n			12.4.2 A High Share of Children\n			12.4.3 Large Majority of Men, Particularly in the 20s\n			12.4.4 Mainly Syrian Citizens\n			12.4.5 Nearly Four Out of Five Are Refugees\n			12.4.6 Most Men Are Unmarried\n			12.4.7 Many in Northern and Southern Norway\n			12.4.8 Others with a Syrian Background\n			12.4.9 Education: Fewer Have Attained Upper Secondary or Higher Education\n		12.5 Summary: Change from 2011 to 2018\n		References\n	Chapter 13: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Poland\n		13.1 Introduction\n		13.2 Forms and Procedures of Assistance to Individuals Seeking Residency in Poland\n			13.2.1 International Protection\n			13.2.2 Permanent Residence\n			13.2.3 European Union Long-Term Residence\n			13.2.4 Temporary Residence\n		13.3 Evolution of the Number and Spatial Distribution of Syrian Refugees in Poland\n			13.3.1 The Influx of Refugees into Poland, 1992–2017\n			13.3.2 Fluctuations in the Influx of Syrian Citizens into Poland\n		13.4 Number of Syrian Refugees in Poland\n		13.5 Spatial Distribution of Syrian Refugees in Poland\n		13.6 Demographic and Social Structures Among Syrian Refugees in Poland\n		13.7 Conclusions\n		References\n	Chapter 14: Demographic Profile of Syrians in Sweden\n		14.1 Syrian Migration to Sweden\n		14.2 Syrian Migrants in Sweden in 2010\n			14.2.1 Population Composition and Duration of Stay\n			14.2.2 Family Structure\n			14.2.3 Education\n			14.2.4 Citizenship and Reason for Migration\n		14.3 Syrian Migrants in Sweden in 2017\n			14.3.1 Population Composition and Duration of Stay\n			14.3.2 Family Structure\n			14.3.3 Education\n			14.3.4 Citizenship and Reason for Migration\n		14.4 Conclusion\n		Appendix\n		References\nPart IV: Comparative Perspectives on the Syrian Diaspora\n	Chapter 15: Differences Among European States Involving Syrian Asylum Seekers\n		15.1 Introduction\n		15.2 Trends of Syrian Applicants in the EU\n		15.3 The Legal Framework\n		15.4 European Member States’ Treatment of Syrian Asylum Seekers\n			15.4.1 The Approach\n				15.4.1.1 Data\n				15.4.1.2 Indicators\n			15.4.2 Method\n			15.4.3 Empirical Evidence\n		15.5 Explaining Differences Across the European Union\n			15.5.1 Differences in the Distribution Among the European Member States\n			15.5.2 Differences in the Recognition Rate\n		15.6 Conclusions\n		15.7 Glossary\n		References\n	Chapter 16: Demographic Comparisons of Syrian Populations\n		16.1 Destinations of Syrian Migrants\n		16.2 Age and Sex\n			16.2.1 Age Distributions for Syrian Men\n			16.2.2 Age Distributions for Syrian Women\n			16.2.3 Sex Ratios of Syrian Men to Women for Age Groups\n		16.3 Selection by Educational Attainment\n		16.4 Choice of Destinations: Migrant Preferences and National Policies\n		16.5 Conclusions\n		References