Community Health and Wellness

Front Cover
IFC_Evolve page
Community Health and Wellness
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table Of Contents
Foreword
Preface
About the Authors
Acknowledgements
Reviewers
1 Principles of primary health care
	Introduction to the section
	1 Fundamentals of creating and maintaining a healthy community
		Introduction
			The Ecological Multilayered Perspective of Community Health
				What is health?
				What do we mean by community?
				Wellness
			The Social Determinants of Health (SDH)
				The social gradient
				Community health
			Primary Health Care
			Primary Health Care Principles
				Accessible health care
				Appropriate technology
				Increased emphasis on health promotion
				Intersectoral collaboration
				Cultural sensitivity, cultural safety
				Community participation
			Social Capital
				Research to practice: social capital and health
			Health Literacy
			Health Promotion
				What’s the point?
			Promoting Global Health
			Health Education
				Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
			Health Promotion Evaluation
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
	2 Healthy policies for healthy communities
		Introduction
			The Australian Health Care System
			The New Zealand Health Care System
			Politics, Policy Making and Health Care
			Policy Action at the National Level: Think Global, Act Local
				Connecting policies with the social determinants of health
				Policy making and primary health care
				Health care: building a better system
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
	3 Communities of place
		Introduction
			The Global Community
				Families
				Urban communities
				Rural communities
			Contemporary Issues Within Distinctive Communities
				Virtual communities
				Fly-in fly-out communities
				Communities of affiliation
				Migrant and refugee communities
				Indigenous populations
			Promoting Health in Communities of Place
				Health promotion in the city
				Health promotion in hospitals
				Rural health promotion
				Health promotion in schools
				Health promotion through virtual technologies
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
2 Primary health care in practice
	Introduction to the section
	4 Primary health care in practice
		Introduction
			An Interdisciplinary Primary Health Care Approach
			Types and Categories of Health Care Practitioners
				Advanced practice nurses
				Community health practice
					General practice nursing
					Child health nursing practice
				School health nursing practice
				Community mental health nursing practice
				Community midwifery practice
				Paramedicine practice
				Rural and remote area practice
			Practice Strategies—Ways of Working
				Working with groups
				Reflective practice
				Leadership
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
	5 Assessing the community
		Introduction
			Community Assessment Tools
				Epidemiological assessment
				Methods that support epidemiology
				Challenges of the epidemiological approach
			The Evolution of Community Assessment Tools in Nursing
			Asset Mapping
			Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)
			Assessment Tools Specific to Health Education Planning
			Social Epidemiology, CBPR, Primary Health Care and the SDH
			Streamlining Community Assessment—the Mcmurray Community Assessment Framework
				1. ENGAGE with the community
				2. MAP community strengths, resources and risks
				3. ANALYSE the information in collaboration with community members using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis
				4. EMPOWER the community by sharing the findings with community members and working with them to develop intervention strategies for improvement or measures that sustain positive community life
			Sources of Assessment Information
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
	6 Planning for intervention
		Introduction
			Overview
			Guiding Approaches for Effective Planning
				Strengths-based approaches
				Primary health care principles
			Planning for Intervention: Steps
				Assessment with individuals and families
				Development of objectives
				Implementation
					Theoretical models underpinning care planning implementation strategies
					Models of care and project planning
					Modes of intervention
				Evaluation
			Disability
			Advocacy groups
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
3 Health and wellness throughout the lifespan
	Introduction to the section
	7 The early years
		Introduction
			Part 1: Healthy Families
				What are families?
				Family developmental pathways
				Family functions
				Contemporary issues within distinctive families
					Rural and remote families
					Refugee and migrant families
					Fly-in Fly-out families
					Violence in the family
				Goals for healthy families
			Part 2: Healthy Children
				Biological embedding and genetics
				Preconceptual and antenatal care
				Resilience and critical pathways to child health
				Obesity
				Child poverty
				Goals for healthy children
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
	8 Transitions to adulthood and beyond
		Introduction
			Part One: Healthy Adolescence
				Context
				Social determinants of adolescent health, risk-taking, resilience, and decision making
			Part Two: Healthy Adulthood
				Context
				Work
					Health and safety at work
				The sandwich generation
				Goals for healthy adulthood
			Part Three: Healthy Ageing
				Context
				Health in older age
				Ageist attitudes
				Retirement
				Challenges in older age
				Supporting transitions to and within older adulthood
				The future
					Goals for healthy ageing
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
4 Evidence to support primary health care
	Introduction to the section
	9 Inclusive communities
		Introduction
			Part One: Inequality, Social Exclusion, Gender, Culture and Power
				Women’s health issues
				Men’s health issues
				Men’s and women’s health policies
				Gender issues among sexually diverse populations
				Intimate partner violence
				Goals for gender-inclusive communities
			Part Two: Culture and Health
				Culture
				Culture conflict
				Cultural safety
				Multiculturalism
				Ethnocentrism, racism and differential health care
				Aboriginality, culture and health
				Indigenous people’s relationships between health and place
				The health of Indigenous Australian people and New Zealand Ma¯ori
				Health and healing
				Goals for Indigenous health
				Inclusive migrant communities—the Pacific experience in New Zealand
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
	10 Inclusive research
		Introduction
			Researching the Social Determinants of Health—Globally, Nationally and Locally
			Evidence, to Education, to Child-Health Practice in Preventing SIDS/SUDI—Case Study
			Evidence-Based Practice
				Systematic reviews, literature reviews, integrative reviews and meta-analyses
				Randomised controlled trials
			Evidence for Practice: Home Visiting
			Big Data
			Paradigms
			Translational Research: Knowledge Translation and Knowledge Transfer (KT)
				Community-based participatory research (CBPR)
				Action research
			Mixed Methods Research
			Researching Culture
			Researching With Indigenous People
				Culturally safe research
			Researching the Future
		Conclusion
		Reflective Questions: How would I use this knowledge in practice?
		References
Appendix A The McMurray Community Assessment Framework
Appendix B Calgary Family Assessment Model
Appendix C HEEADSSS Assessment Tool for use with Adolescents
	The Tool
		Home
		Education
		Eating
		Activities
		Drugs/Alcohol
		Sexuality
		Suicide and Depression
		Safety
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y