Communication, Networks and Computing: Second International Conference, CNC 2020, Gwalior, India, December 29–31, 2020, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Wired and Wireless Communication Systems
A Detailed Survey on Classification of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Classification of Localization Techniques
		2.1 Target Localization
		2.2 Node Self Localization
			2.2.1 Range Based Localization Techniques
			2.2.2 Range Free Techniques
			2.2.3 Localization based on Node Connectivity
			2.2.4 Anchor Based or Anchor Free Localization
			2.2.5 Centralized and Distributed Localization
			2.2.6 Static and Dynamic Localization
	3 Localization Challenges
		3.1 Power Consumption
		3.2 Node Mobility
		3.3 Environment
		3.4 Accuracy
		3.5 Fault Tolerance
	4 Performance Metrics for Localization
		4.1 Cost
			4.1.1 Anchor to Node Ratio
			4.1.2 Algorithm Complexity
			4.1.3 Convergence Time
		4.2 Coverage
	5 Comparative Analysis of Various Localization Techniques
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
WDM Communication Network with Zero Bit Error Rate
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 4 Channel WDM Optical Communication Network
			1.1.1 4 Channel Optical Communication Network for Zero Minimum Bit Error Rate
		1.2 4 Channel Optical Communication Network for ZERO Bit Error Rate Using EDFA (Length 10 m)
	2 Conclusion
	References
Theoretical Understanding of Circular Polarization: Case Study of Superstrate-Inspired Monopole Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting Applications
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design and Geometry
	3 Simulation Results with an Appeal to Circular Polarization
	4 Fabrication and Its Experimental Validation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of LoRa Based Automation Device
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 LPWAN and LoRa Transmission
		2.1 LoRa-A Semtech’s Development
		2.2 LoRa LPWAN Network Disposition and Architecture
	3 Economical LoRa Gateway and Devices
		3.1 Inexpensive/Low-Cost LoRa Gateway
		3.2 Cloud Integration and Post-Processing
		3.3 Independent of Internet – Gateway
		3.4 Inexpensive LoRa Nodes
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
High Dimensional Data Representation and Processing
Setting up Hadoop Environment and Running MapReduce Job for Teaching BDA in Universities – An Experience
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Hadoop Basics
		2.1 Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
		2.2 Hadoop MapReduce
		2.3 Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN)
	3 Hadoop Cluster Setup
		3.1 Setting a 3-node Hadoop Cluster
		3.2 Challenges in Installing Apache Hadoop 3.x
	4 Running a MapReduce Job on Hadoop Cluster
		4.1 Errors Outline
		4.2 Working Memory Configurations to Fix the Errors
	5 Conclusion
	References
Plagiarism Detection of Online Submissions Using High Level Fuzzy Petri Nets in Pandemic Times
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Method
	4 Procedure for Plagiarism Detection
	5 Fuzzy Decision Maker
	6 Membership Function
	7 Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Design of Methodology and a Comparative Analysis of Trigram Technique in Similarity of Textual Data
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
	3 Implementation of Methodology
		3.1 Methodology Design
		3.2 Extractions of Links and Downloading the Similar Contents
		3.3 Finding Textual Similarity
	4 Techniques and Methods Related to Concepts
		4.1 String Based Similarity
		4.2 Corpus Based Search
		4.3 Knowledge-Base Similarity
	5 Comparative Analysis with Different Methodologies
		5.1 Fingerprinting Technique
		5.2 Set of Word Metrics Technique
		5.3 Ferret Systems Principles
	6 Results and Discussions
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Framework to Identify Color Blindness Charts Using Image Processing and CNN
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Exploration
		3.2 Data Pre-processing
			3.2.1 Resize Image
			3.2.2 Increase the Contrast
			3.2.3 Apply Median and Gaussian Blurring
			3.2.4 Apply K-Means Color Clustering
			3.2.5 Convert to Grayscale
			3.2.6 Apply Thresholding
			3.2.7 Morphology Open, Close, Erosion
			3.2.8 Skeletonizing and Dilation
		3.3 Algorithms and Techniques Used
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Crop Yield Quantity and Price Prediction: An Ensemble Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Work
	2 Proposed Model
		2.1 Analysis
		2.2 Implementation
			2.2.1 Program Code
		2.3 Data Processing
		2.4 Price Prediction
	3 Results and Validation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on Cluster-Based Pattern Recognition Using Recommendation System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Clustering
		2.1 Clustering Methods
			2.1.1 Partitioning Method
			2.1.2 Hierarchical Method
			2.1.3 Density-Based Method
			2.1.4 DBSCAN Method
			2.1.5 Grid-Based Method
			2.1.6 Model-Based Method
	3 Recommendation Systems
		3.1 Personalized Recommendation System (PRS)
			3.1.1 Content-Based Filtering
			3.1.2 Collaborative Filtering
			3.1.3 Demographic Approach
			3.1.4 Knowledge-Based Filtering Approach
			3.1.5 Hybrid Approach
		3.2 Non-personalized Recommendation System (NPRS)
		3.3 Challenges and Issues
			3.3.1 Cold-Start
			3.3.2 Trust
			3.3.3 Scalability
			3.3.4 Sparsity
			3.3.5 Privacy
	4 Pattern Recognition (PR)
		4.1 Pattern Recognition Models
			4.1.1 Statistical Model
			4.1.2 Structural Model
			4.1.3 Template Matching
			4.1.4 Neural Network-Based Model
			4.1.5 Fuzzy Based Model
			4.1.6 Hybrid Model
	5 Literature Review
	6 Conclusion
	References
Networking and Information Security
A Novel Shoulder Surfing Resistant Password Authentication Scheme
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Authentication Method
		2.2 Possible Attack on Password
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Registration
		3.2 Login
			3.2.1 Password Technique
		3.3 Testing the System (Results)
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Registration Page
		4.2 Login Page
	5 User Study
		5.1 Time Taken to Login and Register
		5.2 User Friendliness
		5.3 Secure from Various Attacks
	6 Password Space
	7 Comparison with Traditional Password Scheme
	8 Conclusion
	References
MITM Attack on Modification of Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Security Issues with DH Key Exchange Algorithm
	3 Zero Knowledge Proof Protocol and Modification of DH Key Exchange Algorithm
		3.1 Definition of ZKP
		3.2 Modification of DH Key Exchange Algorithm
		3.3 Comparison of Classical DH with Modified DH Algorithm
	4 Proposed Methodology
		4.1 Proposed Algorithm
	5 Implementation
		5.1 Sage Math Platform
		5.2 MITM Attack on Existing Modified DH Agreement
	6 Result Analysis
	7 Security Analysis
	8 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Reinventing ICTM for Sustainability and Growth - An Interdisciplinary Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Marketing Efficiency
		2.2 Operational Leadership
		2.3 ICTM
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
			3.2.1 Structural Self-interaction Matrix (SSIM)
			3.2.2 Initial Reachability Matrix (IRM)
			3.2.3 Level Partitions
			3.2.4 Building the Digraph (ISM Model)
		3.3 MICMAC Analysis
	4 Key Findings and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Research Scope
	References
Quantum Key Distribution: An Ascendable Mechanism for Cryptographic Key Distribution
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamental QKD Principles
		2.1 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (HUP)
		2.2 Quantum Entanglement
		2.3 Photon Polarisation
	3 QKD Protocols
		3.1 Discrete-Variable Protocols
			3.1.1 BB84-BBM
			3.1.2 SARG04
			3.1.3 B92
			3.1.4 Six-State
			3.1.5 Ekert91 (Entanglement Based)
			3.1.6 BBM92 (Entanglement Based)
		3.2 Continuous-Variable Protocols
			3.2.1 Gaussian Modulation Protocols
			3.2.2 Discrete-Modulation Protocols
			3.2.3 Non- Gaussian Modulation Protocols
		3.3 Distributed-Phase-Reference Protocols
			3.3.1 Differential Phase Shift
			3.3.2 Coherent One-Way
	4 Security of QKD Systems
		4.1 Unconditional Security of QKD Protocols
		4.2 Practical Security Concerns in QKD/Side Channel Attacks on QKD
			4.2.1 PNS Attack
			4.2.2 Faked-State Attacks
			4.2.3 FPB-probe Attack
			4.2.4 Detector Control Attack Using Tailored Bright Illumination
			4.2.5 Phase-Remapping Attack
			4.2.6 Thermal Blinding of Gated Detectors Attack
			4.2.7 After-Gate Attack
			4.2.8 Time-Shift Attack
	5 Commercial QKD Systems
	6 Future Directions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Video Summary Based on Visual and Mid-level Semantic Features
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Computer Vision Process [7]
	3 Video Semantic Information
		3.1 Low Level Semantics
		3.2 Mid Level Semantics
		3.3 High Level Semantics
	4 Feature Extraction
		4.1 Color Based Features
		4.2 Texture Based Features
		4.3 Motion Feature
	5 Proposed Methodology
		5.1 Basic Flow and Algorithm Flow Chart
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Evaluation
	8 Conclusion
	References
Waveletbased Selective Image Encryption Scheme Using Tinkerbell Chaotic Map
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Primarily Background
		2.1 Tinkerbell Chaotic Map
		2.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform
		2.3 Arnold Cat Map
	3 Proposed Algorithm
		3.1 DWT Based Coefficients Generation
		3.2 Shuffling Module
		3.3 Encryption Module
		3.4 Decryption Module
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Cipher Image Illustration
		4.2 Histogram Analysis
		4.3 NPCR and UACI Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Computing Techniques for Efficient Networks Design
Spatial Information Preservation in Graph Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Convolution Neural Network
		1.2 Graph Convolutional Neural Network
		1.3 CAPSule NETwork
	2 Material and Method
		2.1 CapsNet Architecture
	3 Architecture
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Training and Testing
		4.2 Metrices Used for Evaluation
	5 Result
	6 Discussion and Summary
	7 Future Scope
	References
Graph Convolutional Neural Network Using Wavelet Transform
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Convolution Neural Network
		1.2 Graph Convolutional Neural Network
		1.3 Spectral Graph Theory
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Convolution Layer
		2.2 Calculation of Laplacian
		2.3 Calculation of Wavelet Coefficients
		2.4 Graph Convolution Operation
	3 Fully Connected Layer
		3.1 Predicting the Output Class
		3.2 Loss Function
	4 Architectures
		4.1 Model 1
		4.2 Model 2
		4.3 Model 3
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Metrics Used for Evaluation
		5.2 Result
	6 Discussion and Summary
	7 Future Scope
	References
Link Prediction Computational Models: A Comparative Study
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Social Network Analysis
	3 Structure Analysis and Linkage-Based
		3.1 Static Analysis and Dynamic Analysis
	4 Data Mining
	5 Data Mining Approaches Used in Social Network Analysis
	6 Social Network Analysis Tasks
	7 Link Prediction in Social Networks
	8 Methodology
	9 To Develop an Approach for Link Prediction Based on Fuzzy Soft Set
	10 To Develop an Approach for Link Prediction Based on IVFSS
	11 To Develop an Approach for Link Prediction Based on Markov Model
	12 To Develop an Approach for Link Prediction Based on Genetic Algorithm
	13 Result Analysis
		13.1 Existing Methods
		13.2 Comparison of Proposed Models
	14 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning Approach to Load Forecasting: A Survey
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Forecasting
		2.1 Naïve Method
		2.2 Linear Model
		2.3 Nonlinear Model
	3 Deep Learning
		3.1 Methods of Deep Learning
			3.1.1 Autoencoder (AE)
			3.1.2 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
			3.1.3 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
			3.1.4 Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM)
			3.1.5 Deep Belief Network (DBN)
			3.1.6 Convolution Neural Network (CNN)
		3.2 Review on Solar Load Forecasting
	4 Conclusion
	References
Vehicular Technology and Applications
Optimized MAC Protocol for Lane Switching in Intersection Area
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Intersection Traffic Control Management System
		2.1 MAC Protocol For VANET Communication
	3 Lane Change in Crossing Area Using CAIA
		3.1 Collision Avoidance in Intersection Algorithm (CAIA)
		3.2 Prioritised Message List
	4 Design of MAC Protocol Optimised For Intersection
	5 Simulation and Result
		5.1 IntersectionSim
		5.2 Result Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Smart Vehicle-Zone: Device to Device Handoff Techniques in Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 5G Use Cases and Scenario
		1.2 Internet of Things
		1.3 Internet of Vehicle
	2 Proposed Method
		2.1 Zone Localization
		2.2 Zone Broadcasting and Multicasting Service (ZBMS)
		2.3 Zone Broadcast Radio Service (ZBRS) IP Level
		2.4 Zone Joining Handoff
	3 Result
	4 Conclusion
	References
Electronic Circuits for Communication Systems
Comparative Study of Photo Voltaic Panel Cooling Methods for Efficiency Enhancement
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Experimental Set Up
			1.1.1 Geographical Location
			1.1.2 The Intensity of the Sunlight at the Site
			1.1.3 PV Panel
			1.1.4 Solar Angle
			1.1.5 Tilt Angle
			1.1.6 Pyranometer
			1.1.7 Analytical Tool for Recording Data
			1.1.8 Temperature Sensor
			1.1.9 Load
	2 Cooling Techniques
		2.1 Water Cooling of the Front Surface
		2.2 Dry Grass and Water for Cooling the Back Surface
		2.3 Sand and Water Cooling of the Back Surface
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fisher Discriminant Ratio Based Classification of Intellectual Disability Using Acoustic Features
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset and Recording Technique
	3 Speech Signal Preprocessing
	4 Speech Parameterization
		4.1 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients
		4.2 Linear Predictive Analysis
	5 Feature Selection
		5.1 Fisher Discriminant Ratio (FDR)
	6 Classification
		6.1 Artificial Neural Network
		6.2 Random Forest
		6.3 Support Vector Machine
	7 Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Low Power Various Full Adder Circuits
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Techniques
		2.1 CMOS Full Adder
			2.1.1 Various Full Adder Circuits Comparative Analysis
	3 Simulation Result
		3.1 Comparative Analysis Result Summary of Various FACs Shown Below Table 1
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
For Enhancing the Performance in Single Bit Hybrid Full Adder Circuits Using XNOR Gate
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Single Bit Hybrid Full Adder Circuits (HFAC) Using XNOR Gate
		2.1 16T Single Bit Hybrid Full Adder
		2.2 14T Single Bit Hybrid Full Adder
		2.3 10T Single Bit Hybrid Full Adder
		2.4 8T Single Bit Hybrid Full Adder
	3 Simulation Result
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of MEMS Microphone Using Helical Spring
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of MEMS Microphone
		2.1 Design
		2.2 Mathematical Analysis and Designing Parameter of Mems Helical Microphone
		2.3 Material Coating on MEMS Helical Microphone
	3 Results
		3.1 Comparative Analysis Mems Microphone and Helical Microphone
	References
An NLP Based Sentimental Analysis and Prediction: A Dynamic Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Study
	3 NLP Dynamic Approach for Voice Prediction and Recognition
	4 NLP Sentiment Analysis Augmentation in Languages
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hand Gesture Image Enhancement for Improved Recognition and Subsequent Analysis
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Noise Removal
		1.2 Contrast Enhancement
		1.3 Ghost Artifacts
	2 Methodology
	3 Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion and Future Directions
	Conflicts of Interest
	References
Beam Steering Antenna Design with High Gain for Satellite Communication
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Techniques
	3 Research Results
	4 Discussion of Result and Research Validation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index