Colonial Geopolitics and Local Cultures in the Hellenistic and Roman East (3rd Century BC - 3rd Century AD)

Cover
Title Page
Copyright page
Contents Page
List of Figures
List of Contributors
Territories and colonial settlements
To the memory of
	Anton Powell (1947-2020) and Alexandru Avram (1956-2021)
	Margherita Facella
Introduction
Part 1
Hellenistic colonization and local culture in Commagene and Northern Cyrrhestice
	Giuseppe Scardozzi
The territory of Hierapolis in Phrygia after the Greek colonization
	Figure 1. DEM of western Turkey based on data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).
		Figure 3. A funerary tumulus of the Hellenistic age from the territory of Hierapolis.
		Figure 2. DEM of the territory of Hierapolis based on data from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER): in white the ancient settlements (squares = cities; points = villages), the sites where funerary tumuli of the Hellenis
		Figure 4. A Corona KH-4A space photograph taken in 1968. Many axes of regular land division (indicated by arrows) surviving in the modern landscape are visible in the northern sector of the Uzunpınar plateau, which at the time was snow covered.
		Figure 5. The northern sector of the Uzunpınar plateau in a QuickBird-2 image taken in 2007, in which the sites of ancient villages and the remains of axes of an ancient regular land division are highlighted: the thick lines indicate the main axes, while
		Figure 6. The central part of the northern sector of the Uzunpınar plateau in a space photograph taken by satellite Hexagon KH-9 in 1980: the arrows indicate the main axes of an ancient regular land division that survive in the modern landscape.
		Figure 7. DEM of the northern sector of the Uzunpınar plateau based on ASTER data, in which the remains of an ancient regular land division and the sites of ancient villages are georeferenced: the thick lines indicate the main axes, while the thin lines s
		Figure 8. Land divisions of the territories of Hierapolis (A), Nikaia (B) and Apollonia (C): schematic representation of the major land-plots and their hypothetical internal subdivisions.
		Figure 9. The territory of Iznik-Nikaia in a space photograph taken by satellite Hexagon KH-9 in 1979: the arrows indicate the main axes of an ancient regular land division that survive in the modern landscape and is based on the three ancient roads out o
		Figure 10. The territory of Nikaia in a DEM based on SRTM data, in which is georeferenced the regular system of land division visible in satellite images: the orthogonal axes preserved (thick lines) are distinguished from the hypothesized ones (thin dashe
		Figure 11. A detail from a space photograph taken in 1963 by satellite Corona KH-4 covering Iznik-Nikaia and the territory immediately around it: the large arrows indicate the main axes of an ancient regular land division that survive in the modern landsc
		Figure 12. The plain of Uluborlu and the site of Apollonia in Pisidia in a space photograph taken by satellite Gambit KH-7 in 1967: the arrows indicate the main axes of a regular land division that survive in the modern landscape.
		Figure 13. A detail of a Gambit KH-7 space photograph (1967) covering the site of Apollonia-Sozopolis: A) the ‘acropolis’ (Kaleiçi), with the clearly visible ruins of the modern Greek quarter built on the remains of the ancient city and abandoned in 1924;
		Figure 14. A) a view of the Byzantine city walls from the west (1 and 4 = rectangular towers; 2 and 5 = gates; 3 = pentagonal tower); B) a detail of the fortification and the pentagonal tower; C) the bridge of the Cirimbolu aqueduct in the deep gorge to
		Figure 15. The territory of Apollonia in a DEM based on SRTM data, in which is georeferenced a regular system of land division visible in satellite images: the orthogonal axes preserved (thick lines) are distinguished from the hypothesized ones (thin dash
		Figure 16. Indigenous gods of the territory of Hierapolis adopted in the Greek pantheon and assimilated to Hellenic deities: A) the top of a stele where are represented (down) Artemis between Men on horse (left) and probably Apollo Karios on horseback (ri
	Adrian Dumitru
On the Treaty of Apamea. The territorial clause
	Nicholas Sekunda
The nature of Attalid katoikiai (188-133 BC)
	Hadrien Bru
Les Thraces et Lyciens en Phrygie Parorée aux époques hellénistique et romaine
	Carte: La Phrygie Parorée et le Taurus méridional.
	Rolf Strootman
The introduction of Hellenic cults in Seleukid Syria
	Map 1. The northern Levant in early Hellenistic Times.
		Map 2. The principal Seleukid foundations in the lower Orontes region (author/Ancient World Mapping Center).
		Figure 1. View of the akropolis of Seleukeia in Pieria (Çevlik, near Samandağ) from the north (author’s photograph, 1999).
		Figure 2. View of Mount Silpios, and the old city of Antakya, from across the Orontes River (author’s photograph, 1999).
		Figure 3. Laurel leaves from the sacred grove of Daphne (author’s collection).
		Figure 4. Silver tetradrachm of Seleukos I from Seleukeia-on-the-Tigris, early third century BCE. Obverse showing a youthful Herakles wearing a lion’s skin; reverse Zeus enthroned, facing left, holding eagle and scepter, with inscription BΑΣIΛΕΩΣ ΣEΛEYKΟΥ
	Adrian Robu
Les relations entre les Thraces et les cités grecques de la mer Noire
	Lucia Francesca Carbone
Late cistophoric production during the Mithridatic Wars
	Figure 1. Mint ratio in 2002 hoard.
		Figure 2. Mint ratio in cistophoric hoards dated 100-88 BC (excluding 2002 hoard).
		Figure 4. Numerical relevance of the latest issues in Ephesus and Pergamum included in 2002 hoard (specimens).
		Figure 3. Late cistophoric production in tetradrachms obverse dies per year (2002 hoard).
		Figure 5. Numerical relevance of the latest issues in Ephesus and Pergamum included in 2002 hoard (obverse dies).
		Table 1. Calculation of the number of cistophoric issues (128-89 BC) according to Esty 2006.
		Figure 6. Chronological breakdown of the specimens included in the 2002 hoard.
		Figure 7 Number of tetradrachm obverse dies per year for the mints of Pergamum, Ephesus and Tralles (source 2002 hoard).
		Figure 9. Late cistophoric production in Tralles (89-77 BC).
		Figure 8. Number of obverse dies vs. specimens in Ephesus (after de Callataÿ 1997).
		Table 2. Trallian late cistophoric issues between 89 and 77 BC.
		Table 3. Late cistophoric issues between 75 and c. 60 BC excluding fractions.
		Figure 10. Late cistophoric production in Tralles (89-60s BC).
	Gilles Bransbourg
Regional currencies within an empire
	Chart 1. Weights of 986 denarii from the American Numismatic Society’s collection, between 211 and 117 BC.
		Chart 2. Weights of 794 Cistophoric tetradrachms from the American Numismatic Society’s collection.
		Plates 1 and 2. Greek hemiobols, silver and bronze: 1. Peloponnesus, Psophis, hemiobol, 5th century BC, 0.34 g, 7 mm, AR, ANS 1968.57.61; 2. Peloponnesus, Messenia, Thuria, hemiobol, 2nd century BC, 6.02 g, 22 mm, AE, SNG Cop. 542-4, ANS 2006.31.2.
		1a
		1b
		2a
		2b
		Plates 3, 4 and 5. Roman Republican bronze asses, decreasing weights: 3. Rome (Crescent symbol), as, 207 BC, 41.93 g, 36 mm, AE, RRC 57/3, ANS 1969.83.251, gift of Eugene R. Miles; 4. Rome (Murena), as, 169-158 BC, 23.72 g, 32.5 mm, AE, RRC 186/1, ANS 196
		3a
		4a
		5a
		3b
		4b
		5b
		Plates 6, 7, 8 and 9. Sestertius, from silver to bronze: 6. Rome (T. Carisius), sestertius, 46-45 BC, 0.96 g, 10 mm, AR, RRC 464/8a, ANS 1944.100.3327, estate of Edward T. Newell; 7. Achaia (L. Sempronius Atratinus serving Marc Antony), sestertius (light
		7a
		8a
		9a
		6a
		6b
		7b
		8b
		9b
		Plates 10 and 11. Imperial as, provincial assarion (Augustus): 10. Rome (Tiberius under Augustus), as, AD 10-11, 10.61 g, 26.5 mm, AE, RIC 469 (2nd ed.), ANS 1944.100.39273, estate of Edward T. Newell; 11. Ephesus, one-unit (=assarion?), 27 BC - AD 14, 5.
		10a
		11a
		10b
		11b
		Chart 3. Weights of 313 Peloponnesian bronze coins from the American Numismatic Society, from the late 5th century BC until the reign of Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161).
		Chart 4. Weights of 985 Macedonian bronze coins from the American Numismatic Society, from the 5th century BC until the reign of Trajan (AD 98-117).
		Chart 5. Weight histogram of 723 Asia Minor bronze coins from the American Numismatic Society, 30 BC – AD 117.
		Chart 6. Weight histogram of 268 Asia Minor bronze coins from the American Numismatic Society, 133-30 BC.
		Chart 7. Chart 4: Weight histogram of 780 Asia Minor bronze coins from the American Numismatic Society, c. 300-133 BC.
	Richard Wenghofer
Decolonizing the Indo-Greeks
	Plate 2. Double-Headed Eagle Stupa, Taxila(Livius: http://www.livius.org/a/pakistan/taxila/sirkap13_d_headed_eagle.jpg).
		Plate 1. Ionic Column, Jandial Temple, Taxila(Livius: http://www.livius.org/a/pakistan/taxila/jandial4.JPG).
		Plate 3. Bronze Karshapana of Pantaleon with bilingual Greek/Karoshthi inscription(Coinindia: http://coinindia.com/MIG0161-Pantaleon-136.21.jpg).
		Plate 4. Bronze karshapana of Agathocles with bilingual Greek/Karoshthi inscription(Coinindia: http://coinindia.com/2612-1-Agathocles-AE-double-112.jpg).
		Plate 5. Indian standard drachm of Apollodotus I with bilingual Greek/Karoshthi legend(Coinindia: http://coinindia.com/MIG0207h-636.33.jpg).
		Figure 1: Map of the Indo-Greek Kingdoms(Ancient History Encyclopedia: http://www.ancient.eu/image/260/).
		Plate 6. Silver Tetradrachm of Maues (c. 90-60 BC) (Coinindia: http://coinindia.com/MIG0699a-168.19.jpg).
	Julien Demaille
Entre perte d’autonomie, acculturation et intégration
	Figure 1. La dédicace bilingue à Anthestia Iucunda.
		Figure 2. Répartition des porteurs et des non-porteurs de gentilice sur le territoire de la colonie romaine de Dion.
	Oleg Gabelko
Paus. X. 23. 14 on the Galatians’ Passage to Asia
	Attila Jakab
Les chrétiens d’Asie Mineure et l’évangélisation du Barbaricum danubien (IIIe-IVe siècles)
	D.J. Houle
Soldiers and Hellenism: Recruitment in the Hellenistic Militaries
	Katherine Low
Germanicus, Trajan, and the Date of Annals 1-6
	Oleg Alexandrov
Two military camps on the Roman Limes
	Figure 1. The eastern part of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century AD.
		Figure 3. Military calendar Feriale Duranum (detail).
		Figure 2. The Roman military fortress at Dura-Europos.
		Figure 4. The Roman military fortress at Novae.
		Figure 5. The headquarters building (principia) at Novae.
		Figure 6. The headquarters building (principia) at Novae.
	Ivo Topalilov
The political propaganda of the cities of Thrace and the Asianic provinces
Indices