Colombia: A Concise Contemporary History

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
	Notes
1: Origins
	Precedents
	The Crisis of Empire
	1810: The Development of the Juntas
	The First Republic (1811–1816)
	The Final Battle against Absolutism
	Colombia: The Second Republic (1819–1830)
	The End of an Era of Change
	Notes
2: The Colombian Nations
	Colombian Indigenous Population
	The Afro-­Colombian Population
	Other Colombians
	Demography and Its Numbers
	Colonizers and Settlers: The Nineteenth Century
	An Urban Country: The Twentieth Century
	Notes
3: The Dynamics of a Political Community
	Citizenship
	Rights
	The Democratic Model and Politics
	Government
	The Formation of Law
	Notes
4: The Cadence of Unity
	The Parties and the Nation
	Communion in Beliefs
	A Common Memory
	A Single Institutionalism
	Notes
5: Conflict
	The Spanish Evacuation
	Political Conflict in the Nineteenth Century
	Panama Separates
	Conflict in the Twentieth Century
	La Violencia
	Insurgency Intervention
	Narco-­Violence
	Plan Colombia, 2000
	Notes
6: Colombians Search for Peace
	The Nature of the Colombian Armed Conflict
	The Stages of the War
	The Peace Processes in Historic Perspective
	The Future
	Notes
7: Economic Unity
	Colonial Colombia Compared
	Monopoly and Economy, 1750–1850
	Coffee
	The Percolating Twenties
	Oil and Industrialization
	The National Front
	Modern Times
	Notes
8: A Common Space
	From Horse Path to Highway
	Steamships and Railways
	Aerial Cables and Airplanes
	Mail and Communications Systems
	Print Media
9: Cultural Dynamism
	Sculpture and Painting
	Literature
	Theater
	Architecture
	Music
	Notes
10: Daily Life
	Popular Religious Celebrations
	Sports
	Beauty Pageants
	Retaking the Colombian Urban Centers
	Radio, TV, and Soap Operas
	Gastronomy, Colombian Style
	University Life in Colombia
	Notes
11: Colombia and the World
	The Early Days
	The Canal Project
	1928
	World War II and Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
	Korea and the Alliance for Progress
	Pope Paul Vi and the Close of the 1960s
	Contadora, Central America, and Colombia’s Neighbors
	Uribe and Bush: Brothers in Arms
	Enter Santos
	Duque as President
	Notes
12: Colombians Abroad
	Preliminary Observations on Colombian Emigration
	Why Colombians Leave: A Historic Overview
	Bienvenidos to Queens
	The 1980 Refugee Act
	The Special Case of Colombians in Venezuela
	Remesas—Sending Money Home
	Colombians Abroad: Some Names
	Some Sustained (and Unfortunate) Stereotypes
	Peace Process and the Great Reverse Migration?
	Notes
13: 2016 and Beyond: ¡Basta Ya!
	The Elusive Peace
	The Pandemic
	Economic Data
	Migratory Processes
	Trouble on the Streets of Colombia
	Tourism: The Contemporary Trend
	Notes
Conclusion
	Notes
Colombian Chronology, 1810–2022
Selected Bibliography
	Documents
Index
About the Authors