College Physics

Cover
Contents
About the authors
Preface
Engaging App lications
MCAT test prepa ration guide
Part 1: Mechanics
	Topic 1 Units, Trigonometry, and Vectors
		1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
		1.2 The Building Blocks of Matter
		1.3 Dimensional Analysis
		1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
		1.5 Unit Conversions for Physical Quantities
		1.6 Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations
		1.7 Coordinate Systems
		1.8 Trigonometry Review
		1.9 Vectors
		1.10 Components of a Vector
		1.11 Problem-Solving Strategy
		Summary
	Topic 2 Motion in One Dimension
		2.1 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration
		2.2 Motion Diagrams
		2.3 One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
		2.4 Freely Falling Objects
		Summary
	Topic 3 Motion in Two Dimensions
		3.1 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration in Two Dimensions
		3.2 Two-Dimensional Motion
		3.3 Relative Velocity
		Summary
	Topic 4 Newton’s Laws of Motion
		4.1 Forces
		4.2 The Laws of Motion
		4.3 The Normal and Kinetic Friction Forces
		4.4 Static Friction Forces
		4.5 Tension Forces
		4.6 Applications of Newton’s Laws
		4.7 Two-Body Problems
		Summary
	Topic 5 Energy
		5.1 Work
		5.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem
		5.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
		5.4 Gravity and Nonconservative Forces
		5.5 Spring Potential Energy
		5.6 Systems and Energy Conservation
		5.7 Power
		5.8 Work Done by a Varying Force
		Summary
	Topic 6 Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions
		6.1 Momentum and Impulse
		6.2 Conservation of Momentum
		6.3 Collisions in One Dimension
		6.4 Glancing Collisions
		6.5 Rocket Propulsion
		Summary
	Topic 7 R otational Motion and Gravitation
		7.1 Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration
		7.2 Rotational Motion Under Constant Angular Acceleration
		7.3 Tangential Velocity, Tangential Acceleration, and Centripetal
 Acceleration
		7.4 Newton’s Second Law for Uniform Circular Motion
		7.5 Newtonian Gravitation
		Summary
	Topic 8 R otational Equilibrium and Dynamics
		8.1 Torque
		8.2 Center of Mass and Its Motion
		8.3 Torque and the Two Conditions for Equilibrium
		8.4 The Rotational Second Law of Motion
		8.5 Rotational Kinetic Energy
		8.6 Angular Momentum
		Summary
	Topic 9 Fluids and Solids
		9.1 States of Matter
		9.2 Density and Pressure
		9.3 Variation of Pressure with Depth
		9.4 Pressure Measurements
		9.5 Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’ Principle
		9.6 Fluids in Motion
		9.7 Other Applications of Fluid Dynamics
		9.8 Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscous Fluid Flow
		9.9 Transport Phenomena
		9.10 The Deformation of Solids
		Summary
Part 2 Thermodynamics
	Topic 10 T hermal Physics
		10.1 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
		10.2 Thermometers and Temperature Scales
		10.3 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
		10.4 The Ideal Gas Law
		10.5 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
		Summary
	Topic 11 Energy in Thermal Processes
		11.1 Heat and Internal Energy
		11.2 Specific Heat
		11.3 Calorimetry
		11.4 Latent Heat and Phase Change
		11.5 Energy Transfer
		11.6 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases
		Summary
	Topic 12 T he Laws of Thermodynamics
		12.1 Work in Thermodynamic Processes
		12.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics
		12.3 Thermal Processes in Gases
		12.4 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
		12.5 Entropy
		12.6 Human Metabolism
		Summary
Part 3 Vibrations and Waves
	Topic 13 Vibrations and Waves
		13.1 Hooke’s Law
		13.2 Elastic Potential Energy
		13.3 Concepts of Oscillation Rates in Simple Harmonic Motion
		13.4 Position, Velocity, and Acceleration as Functions of Time
		13.5 Motion of a Pendulum
		13.6 Damped Oscillations
		13.7 Waves
		13.8 Frequency, Amplitude, and Wavelength
		13.9 The Speed of Waves on Strings
		13.10 Interference of Waves
		13.11 Reflection of Waves
		Summary
	Topic 14 Sound
		14.1 Producing a Sound Wave
		14.2 Characteristics of Sound Waves
		14.3 The Speed of Sound
		14.4 Energy and Intensity of Sound Waves
		14.5 Spherical and Plane Waves
		14.6 The Doppler Effect
		14.7 Interference of Sound Waves
		14.8 Standing Waves
		14.9 Forced Vibrations and Resonance
		14.10 Standing Waves in Air Columns
		14.11 Beats
		14.12 Quality of Sound
		14.13 The Ear
		Summary
Part 4 Electricity and Magnetism
	Topic 15 Electric Forces and Fields
		15.1 Electric Charges, Insulators, and Conductors
		15.2 Coulomb’s Law
		15.3 Electric Fields
		15.4 Electric Field Lines
		15.5 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium
		15.6 The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment
		15.7 The Van de Graaff Generator
		15.8 Electric Flux and Gauss’ Law
		Summary
	Topic 16 Electrical Energy and Capacitance
		16.1 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
		16.2 Electric Potential and Potential Energy of Point Charges
		16.3 Potentials, Charged Conductors, and Equipotential Surfaces
		16.4 Applications
		16.5 Capacitors
		16.6 Combinations of Capacitors
		16.7 Energy in a Capacitor
		16.8 Capacitors with Dielectrics
		Summary
	Topic 17 Current and Resistance
		17.1 Electric Current
		17.2 A Microscopic View: Current and Drift Speed
		17.3 Current and Voltage Measurements In Circuits
		17.4 Resistance, Resistivity, and Ohm’s Law
		17.5 Temperature Variation of Resistance
		17.6 Electrical Energy and Power
		17.7 Superconductors
		17.8 Electrical Activity in the Heart
		Summary
	Topic 18 Direct-Current Circuits
		18.1 Sources of emf
		18.2 Resistors in Series
		18.3 Resistors in Parallel
		18.4 Kirchhoff’s Rules and Complex DC Circuits
		18.5 RC Circuits
		18.6 Household Circuits
		18.7 Electrical Safety
		18.8 Conduction of Electrical Signals by Neurons
		Summary
	Topic 19 Magnetism
		19.1 Magnets
		19.2 Earth’s Magnetic Field
		19.3 Magnetic Fields
		19.4 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
		19.5 Magnetic Force on a Current - Carrying Conductor
		19.6 Magnetic Torque
		19.7 Ampère’s Law
		19.8 Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors
		19.9 Magnetic Fields of Current Loops and Solenoids
		19.10 Magnetic Domains
		Summary
	Topic 20 Induced Voltages and Inductance
		20.1 Induced emf and Magnetic Flux
		20.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction and Lenz’s Law
		20.3 Motional emf
		20.4 Generators
		20.5 Self-Inductance
		20.6 RL Circuits
		20.7 Energy Stored in Magnetic Fields
		Summary
	Topic 21 A lternating-Current Circuits and
 Electromagnetic Waves
		21.1 Resistors in an AC Circuit
		21.2 Capacitors in an AC Circuit
		21.3 Inductors in an AC Circuit
		21.4 The RLC Series Circuit
		21.5 Power in an AC Circuit
		21.6 Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit
		21.7 The Transformer
		21.8 Maxwell’s Predictions
		21.9 Hertz’s Confirmation of Maxwell’s Predictions
		21.10 Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna
		21.11 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
		21.12 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves
		21.13 The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves
		Summary
Part 5 Light and Optics
	Topic 22 R eflection and Refraction of Light
		22.1 The Nature of Light
		22.2 Reflection and Refraction
		22.3 The Law of Refraction
		22.4 Dispersion and Prisms
		22.5 The Rainbow
		22.6 Huygens’ Principle
		22.7 Total Internal Reflection
		Summary
	Topic 23 Mirrors and Lenses
		23.1 Flat Mirrors
		23.2 Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors
		23.3 Images Formed by Refraction
		23.4 Atmospheric Refraction
		23.5 Thin Lenses
		23.6 Lens and Mirror Aberrations
		Summary
	Topic 24 Wave Optics
		24.1 Conditions for Interference
		24.2 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
		24.3 Change of Phase Due to Reflection
		24.4 Interference in Thin Films
		24.5 Using Interference to Read CDs and DVDs
		24.6 Diffraction
		24.7 Single-Slit Diffraction
		24.8 Diffraction Gratings
		24.9 Polarization of Light Waves
		Summary
	Topic 25 Optical Instruments
		25.1 The Camera
		25.2 The Eye
		25.3 The Simple Magnifier
		25.4 The Compound Microscope
		25.5 The Telescope
		25.6 Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures
		25.7 The Michelson Interferometer
		Summary
Part 6 Modern Physics
	Topic 26 Relativity
		26.1 Galilean Relativity
		26.2 The Speed of Light
		26.3 Einstein’s Principle of Relativity
		26.4 Consequences of Special Relativity
		26.5 Relativistic Momentum
		26.6 Relative Velocity in Special Relativity
		26.7 Relativistic Energy and the Equivalence of Mass and Energy
		26.8 General Relativity
		Summary
	Topic 27 Quantum Physics
		27.1 Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis
		27.2 The Photoelectric Effect and the Particle Theory of Light
		27.3 X - Rays
		27.4 Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals
		27.5 The Compton Effect
		27.6 The Dual Nature of Light and Matter
		27.7 The Wave Function
		27.8 The Uncertainty Principle
		Summary
	Topic 28 A tomic Physics
		28.1 Early Models of the Atom
		28.2 Atomic Spectra
		28.3 The Bohr Model
		28.4 Quantum Mechanics and the Hydrogen Atom
		28.5 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
		28.6 Characteristic X-Rays
		28.7 Atomic Transitions and Lasers
		Summary
	Topic 29 Nuclear Physics
		29.1 Some Properties of Nuclei
		29.2 Binding Energy
		29.3 Radioactivity
		29.4 The Decay Processes
		29.5 Natural Radioactivity
		29.6 Nuclear Reactions
		29.7 Medical Applications of Radiation
		Summary
	Topic 30 Nuclear Energy and Elementary
 Particles
		30.1 Nuclear Fission
		30.2 Nuclear Fusion
		30.3 Elementary Particles and the Fundamental Forces
		30.4 Positrons and Other Antiparticles
		30.5 Classification of Particles
		30.6 Conservation Laws
		30.7 The Eightfold Way
		30.8 Quarks and Color
		30.9 Electroweak Theory and the Standard Model
		30.10 The Cosmic Connection
		30.11 Unanswered Questions in Cosmology
		30.12 Problems and Perspectives
		Summary
Appendix A: Mathematics Review
Appendix B: An Abbreviated Table of Isotopes
Appendix C: Some Useful Tables
Appendix D: SI Units
Answers: Quick Quizzes, Example Questions, and  Odd-Numbered Conceptual Questions  and Problems
Index