Cohesive Sediments in Open Channels: Erosion, Transport and Deposition

Cohesive Sediments in Open Channels: Properties, Transport, and Applications......Page 1
Copyright Page......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Dedications......Page 13
Importance and Distinction of Sediments......Page 15
Outline of the Development of Cohesive Sediment Behavior......Page 17
Objectives of the Book and Outline of its Contents......Page 20
General Properties of Cohesive Sediment Suspensions and of Cohesive Sediment Deposits......Page 25
Interatomic or Primary Bonds......Page 28
Electrovalence or Ionic Bonds......Page 31
Covalence and Covalent Bonds......Page 32
Some Basic Concepts and Definitions of Chemistry......Page 34
Secondary Bonds......Page 36
Cation Bonds......Page 37
Introductory Remarks......Page 38
The Basic Clay Minerals......Page 39
Origin and Occurrence of Clay Minerals and Formation of Clay Deposits......Page 57
The Electric Charge and the Double Layer......Page 61
Preferential Adsorption......Page 62
The General Case......Page 63
Surfaces of Constant Charge Density......Page 69
Illustrative Applications......Page 70
Force and Energy Interaction......Page 73
Illustrative Examples......Page 76
Potential Energy of Interaction between Two Flat Double Layers......Page 78
Illustrative Examples......Page 79
Potential Energy of Interaction of Two Flat Double Layers Due to van der Waals Forces......Page 82
Total Potential Energy for Two Particles and the Process of Flocculation......Page 84
Limitations of the Gouy-Chapman Theory and the Stern Layer......Page 89
The Water Phase......Page 92
Sensitivity and Thixotropy......Page 94
Particle Arrangements within Flocs......Page 95
The Microstructure of Deposited Cohesive Sediment Beds......Page 101
The Development of the General Transport Equations......Page 103
Discussion of the Developed Equations......Page 108
Collisions Due to Brownian Motion......Page 109
Collisions Due to Velocity Gradients......Page 114
Collisions Due to Differential Settling......Page 117
Significant Stresses and Parameters......Page 120
Collision Rates in Turbulent Flows......Page 130
The Properties of Aggregates and Their Relation to the Controlling Flow Variables......Page 132
Quasi Steady-State Aggregate Distribution and Maximum Aggregate Size......Page 142
Some Additional Research Work on Flocculation and Aggregate Properties......Page 154
Discussion and Concluding Remarks......Page 166
Importance of the Subject......Page 169
Basic Properties of Sediment Suspensions and Methods of Evaluations......Page 170
Concluding Remarks......Page 183
Introductory Remarks......Page 187
Early Empirical Information......Page 188
More Recent Field and Laboratory Studies......Page 192
Erosion of Soft Cohesive Sediment Deposit......Page 197
Summary and Concluding Remarks......Page 214
Early Experiments and Preliminary Conclusions......Page 217
Detailed Studies on Deposition. Part A: The Degree of Deposition......Page 222
Detailed Studies on Deposition. Part B: The Rates of Deposition......Page 238
Variation of Depositional Parameters as the Sediment Sorts during Deposition in Open Conduits......Page 248
Hydrodynamic Interaction of Suspended Aggregates With the Deposited Bed......Page 258
Introductory Remarks......Page 266
Fundamental Considerations......Page 267
Results of Series 1......Page 268
Results of Series 2......Page 269
Results of Series 3......Page 272
Results of Series 4......Page 277
Summary and Closing Comments......Page 285
Areas of Application......Page 289
Design for Safety Against Scouring......Page 290
Shoaling In Estuaries......Page 292
Fine Sediment Transport Processes in Estuaries......Page 293
The Savannah Estuary......Page 307
The Delaware River Estuary......Page 315
The River Thames Estuary......Page 317
The Maracaibo Estuary......Page 320
The San Francisco Bay Estuary......Page 329
Closing Remarks......Page 331
Applications to Estuarine Modeling......Page 332
Control of Environmental Pollution......Page 333
References......Page 337
List of Symbols......Page 347
Greek Symbols......Page 355
About the Author......Page 359
H......Page 361
P......Page 362
Y......Page 363
B......Page 365
C......Page 366
E......Page 367
H......Page 368
P......Page 369
S......Page 370
Y......Page 372