Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Wireless Internet (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering)

Preface
Organization
Preface
Organization
Contents
Cognitive Radio Systems (CROWNCOM 2021)
Spectrum Sensing Performance of Cognitive Radio Optimized by Soft Decision Fusion Threshold
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related work
		2.1 Cognitive Radio Model
		2.2 Research Status of Spectrum Sensing
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Spectrum Sensing Technology and Algorithm
		3.2 Soft Decision Fusion Threshold Optimization
		3.3 Model Performance Testing
		3.4 Model Parameter Settings
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Spectrum Sensing Performance Analysis
		4.2 Model Performance Analysis Under Different Criteria
		4.3 Minimum Error Probability in Different Scenarios
		4.4 Different Spectrum Maximum Throughput
	5 Significance and Influence
	6 Conclusion
	References
Methodology for Characterizing Spectrum Data by Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Information
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
		2.1 Spectrum Measurements
		2.2 Analysis with Spectrograms
		2.3 Contextual Information
		2.4 Related Work
	3 Approach
		3.1 Quantitative Analysis
		3.2 Modeling of Qualitative Information
		3.3 Combining Quantitative Analysis Results with Qualitative Information
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Computationally Efficient Look-up-Tables for Behavioral Modelling and Digital Pre-distortion of Multi-standard Wireless Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Nonlinear Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects
		2.2 Discrete Dynamic Nonlinear Models and Training Algorithm
		2.3 Related Work
	3 Multi-standard Behavioural Modeling
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 AM-AM Distortion Characteristics as Guide to Coefficients
		3.3 Multi-standard Behavioural Models
		3.4 Behavioural Model Validation
	4 LUT-Based Multi-standard DPD Transceiver
		4.1 DPD Coefficient Estimation
		4.2 Hardware Software Co-design
	5 Hardware Implementation and Experimental Validation
		5.1 Experiment: DPD Performance Comparison with Different Standard's Training Signals
		5.2 Experiment: DPD Performance Comparison Along Different Power Levels
	6 Conclusions
	References
Metaheuristic Optimisation for Radio Interface-Constrained Channel Assignment in a Hybrid Wi-Fi–Dynamic Spectrum Access Wireless Mesh Network
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Dynamic Spectrum Access
		1.2 Metaheuristic Algorithms for Optimisation
	2 Related Work
	3 Problem Formulation
		3.1 Network Model
		3.2 Problem Statement and Motivation
		3.3 Assumptions
		3.4 Mathematical Model
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Generating Feasible Candidate Solutions
		4.2 Optimisation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Random Transition of the Primary User in Laplacian Noise
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Performance Analysis
		3.1 CSS Based on Energy Detection (CSS-ED)
		3.2 CSS Based on i-AVCD (CSS-i-AVCD)
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Spectrum Management Approaches in Offshore Private Industrial 5G Networks
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Spectrum Management Approaches
	3 Offshore Private Industrial Networks
		3.1 Applications and Use Cases
		3.2 Spectrum Requirements
		3.3 Offshore Spectrum Regulation
	4 Spectrum Management Approaches for Offshore Private Industrial Networks
		4.1 UK Offshore Licenses
		4.2 Norwegian Offshore Licenses
		4.3 Local Licensing in Germany
		4.4 US Offshore Regulation
		4.5 Mobile Network Coverage on the Gulf of Finland
		4.6 EU Regulation for Visiting Vessels
		4.7 Role of Satellite
	5 Discussion on Spectrum Options
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
An Eigenvalue Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Multiuser MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks Under Correlated Fading Scenario
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
		2.1 A Correlated Reporting Channel Model
	3 Analytical Study of the CSS for Multiuser MIMO CRNs
		3.1 MIMO Energy Detection Based Local Spectrum Sensing at SU over Rayleigh Faded Scenario
		3.2 Eigenvalue Based Spectrum Sensing at FC Under Correlated Rician Faded MIMO Reporting Channel
	4 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Low-Profile Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antennas for Cognitive Radio Applications
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Patch Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Full-Duplex Multicarrier Cooperative Device-to-Device Communications System with MMSE Based RSI Cancellation
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
		2.1 Residual Self-interference Model
		2.2 Residual Self-interference (RSI) Cancellation Schemes
	3 Transmission Protocol Description
	4 Performance Analysis
		4.1 Cellular Uplink Outage Probability
		4.2 D2D Link Outage Probability
	5 Theoretical and Simulation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Realization and Simulation of Watermarking Algorithm Based on Spread Spectrum and DFT
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Introduction to Digital Image Watermarking
		1.2 Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communication
	2 Realization and Simulation of Watermarking Algorithm Based on Spread Spectrum and DFT
		2.1 Watermark Embedding Algorithm
		2.2 Watermarking Extraction Algorithm
	3 Simulation Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Performance Research of LTE-A Cellular Network Based on Relay and Pass-Through D2D Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model for the Coexistence of Direct D2D Users and Cellular Users
	3 Power Distribution Method Based on Lagrangian Multiplier Method
	4 Performance Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Advanced Technology for 5G/6G (CROWNCOM 2021)
A Survey Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 IRS Channel Estimation
		2.1 Cascaded Channel Estimation (Fully-passive IRS)
		2.2 Partial Channel Estimation (Semi-passive IRS)
		2.3 Explicit Channel Estimation (IRS Elements Equipped with Some Receive RF Chains)
	3 Summary
	4 Future Research
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
Artificial Intelligence (CROWNCOM 2021)
Minimum Class Variance Thresholding Based on Multi-objective Optimization
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Minimum Class Variance Thresholding Based on Multi- Objective Optimization
		2.1 Theory of Multi-objective Optimization
		2.2 MCVT Based on Multi-objective Optimization (MCVT-MO)
		2.3 The Generalized MCVT Method
	3 Contrastive Experiments and Analysis
		3.1 Experiments on Synthetic Images
		3.2 Experiments on Infrared Images
		3.3 Experiments on Other Images
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Pedestrian Detection Based on Deep Learning Under the Background of University Epidemic Prevention
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Development and Research Status of Pedestrian Detection Technology
		1.2 Traditional Pedestrian Detection Based on Machine Learning
		1.3 Pedestrian Detection Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
	2 Overview of Deep Neural Networks
		2.1 Shallow Fully Connected Network Model
		2.2 Convolutional Network Mechanism
		2.3 Deep Residual Network Model
	3 Improved YOLOv3 Network Model
		3.1 Brief Overview of YOLOv3 Algorithm
		3.2 Improved YOLOv3 Network Model
	4 Experimental Environment Construction
		4.1 Experimental Equipment and Environment
		4.2 System Specific Function Realization and Operation
		4.3 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Gesture Recognition Controls Image Style Transfer Based on Improved YOLOV5s Algorithm
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Theoretical Foundation and Key Concepts
		2.1 YOLOv5 Algorithms
		2.2 Image Style Transfer
	3 Gesture Recognition Controls Image Style Transfer Based on Improved Yolov5s Algorithm
		3.1 Project Introduction
		3.2 Improvements
	4 Experiments and Results
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Wireless Communication and Network Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) (CROWNCOM 2021)
Detection of Malicious Nodes Using Collaborative Neighbour Monitoring in DSA Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Threat Model
	4 Neighbour Monitoring in Cooperative Sensing
		4.1 Detection Strategy and Weighted Decision Factor at the CDC
		4.2 Malicious Node Localization
	5 Naive Detection Approach
		5.1 Naive Detection Hypothesis
		5.2 Naive Detection Algorithm and Test Results
		5.3 Comparison of Naive Algorithm to Cooperative Weighted Decision Detection Algorithm
	6 Real World Measurements
	7 Experimental Set Up
	8 Results and Discussion
		8.1 Simulation
		8.2 Models
		8.3 Algorithm - CWDDA
	9 Naive Detection Approach
		9.1 Limitation of the Algorithm
	10 Conclusion
	References
Research on Denoising Method in Pseudo-analog Video Transmission
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Related KMV-Cast Transmission Scheme
		2.2 Wiener Filter Principle
		2.3 KMV-Cast + Wiener Filter
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgement
	References
Confidential Communications for Mobile UAV Relaying Network
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model and Problem Formulation
		2.1 System Model
		2.2 Problem Formulation
	3 Problem Formulation
		3.1 UAV-User Association Optimization
		3.2 Transmit Power and UAV Trajectory
	4 Numerical Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Wireless Communications and Networking (WICON 2021)
Implementation and Performance Analysis of Smart Attendance Checking Using BLE-Based Communications
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Features
	4 Methodology
		4.1 General System Architecture
		4.2 Application
		4.3 ESP32
		4.4 Web Server
	5 Results and Analysis
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Intra-train Wagon Wireless Channel Connectivity Analysis of Ultra Dense Node Deployments
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Intra-wagon Wireless Channel Characterization
	3 Conclusions
	References
Internet of Things and Smart Grids Security issues (WICON 2021)
Hardware-Accelerated Blockchain-Based Authentication for the Internet of Things
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Lightweight Cryptography
		2.2 Blockchain
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC)
		3.2 Authentication of Genesis Block
		3.3 Authentication of Subsequent Blocks
		3.4 Server
		3.5 Database
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
An Investigation of Vulnerabilities in Internet of Health Things
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Paper Roadmap
	2 Medical Device Vulnerability Analysis
		2.1 Vulnerability Exposure of Medical Devices
	3 Motivation of Attacks and Recent Incidents
		3.1 Attacker's Motivation
		3.2 Recent Incidents
	4 Solution Trends for Healthcare Device Cyber Attacks Considering Blockchain and Constraints
		4.1 Usage of Blockchains in Internet of Health Things (IoHT)
		4.2 Constraints to Use Blockchain on IoHT
	5 Conclusions
	References
Faking Smart Industry: A Honeypot-Driven Approach for Exploring Cyber Security Threat Landscape
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 T-Pot Installation
	4 Result Analysis
		4.1 Attacks Origin Breakdown
		4.2 Attacks Scenario
		4.3 Malware Analysis
		4.4 IP Reputation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Anonymous Key Agreement and Mutual Authentication Protocol for Smart Grids
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Security Analysis
		4.2 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Vehicular ad Hoc Networks (VANET) (WICON 2021)
SAMA: Security-Aware Monitoring Approach for Location Abusing and UAV GPS-Spoofing Attacks on Internet of Vehicles
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problematic and Research Motivation
		1.2 Contributions and Paper Organization
	2 Related Work
	3 System Model
		3.1 Network Model
		3.2 Threat Model
		3.3 UAV GPS-Spoofing Attack
		3.4 Types of Signal Receptions
		3.5 Security Model and Coverage Modes
	4 The Proposed Approach: SAMA
		4.1 Description and Motivation
		4.2 The Techniques' Principles
		4.3 SAMA Implemented Protocols
	5 Simulation Runs and Results
		5.1 Simulation Setup
		5.2 Obstacles and Obstacles-Free Scenarios
		5.3 Simulation Results
	6 Discussion and Future Work
	7 Conclusion
	References
Author Index