Cognition

Brief Contents......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
From the Publisher......Page 9
Highlights of the Sixth Edition......Page 10
List of Boxes......Page 16
List of Figures......Page 18
List of Tables......Page 23
Preface to the Sixth Edition......Page 24
 Chapter Objectives......Page 27
 Case Study | What Is Cognition?......Page 28
 Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing......Page 29
 Information Theory......Page 30
 Models of Information Processing......Page 33
 Ecological Validity......Page 37
 Metacognition and Cognitive Psychology......Page 39
 The Range of Cognitive Psychology......Page 41
 Summary......Page 42
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 43
 Links to Other Chapters......Page 44
 Further Reading......Page 45
 Chapter Objectives......Page 47
 Case Study | Head Office......Page 48
 The Brain as the Organ of the Mind......Page 50
 The Relationship between Mind and Brain......Page 52
 Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience......Page 54
 Summary......Page 69
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 70
 Key Concepts......Page 71
 Further Reading......Page 72
 Chapter Objectives......Page 75
 Case Study | An Unusual Perceptual Experience......Page 76
 The Physiology of Visual Perception......Page 77
 The Ventral Pathway and Object Recognition......Page 80
 Context and Feedback Effects in Perception......Page 85
 The Dorsal Pathway and the Relation between Perception and Action......Page 94
 Interactions Between the Ventral and Dorsal Pathways......Page 100
 Multimodal Perception......Page 103
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 107
 Key Concepts......Page 108
 Further Reading......Page 109
 Chapter Objectives......Page 111
 Case Study | A Total Wreck......Page 112
 Selective Attention......Page 113
 Dual Tasks and the Limits of Attention......Page 123
 Task Switching......Page 131
 Sustained Attention......Page 133
 Overt Visual Attention......Page 135
 Summary......Page 144
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 145
 Key Concepts......Page 146
 Further Reading......Page 147
 Chapter Objectives......Page 149
 Case Study | What Was That Movie . . . ?......Page 150
 Understanding Memory Systems......Page 151
 The Modal Model of Memory......Page 152
 Working Memory......Page 155
 Divisions of Long-Term Memory......Page 158
 Further Developments in Memory Systems Theory......Page 166
 Connectionist Models of Memory......Page 171
 Aging and Memory Disorders......Page 173
 Summary......Page 181
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 182
 Key Concepts......Page 183
 Further Reading......Page 184
 Learning Objectives......Page 187
 Case Study | When Memory Fails......Page 188
 The Trace Theory......Page 189
 Schema-based Theories of Memory......Page 196
 Scripts......Page 205
 Autobiographical Memory......Page 207
 Levels of Processing......Page 211
 Two Approaches to Memory Research......Page 214
 Summary......Page 219
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 220
 Key Concepts......Page 221
 Further Reading......Page 222
 Chapter Objectives......Page 225
 Case Study | Time–Space Synesthesia and Number Forms......Page 226
 Memory and Imagery......Page 227
 Synesthesia and Eidetic Imagery......Page 234
 Mental Rotation......Page 241
 Egocentric Perspective Transformations......Page 251
 Controversy Over the Nature of Mental Imagery......Page 252
 Cognitive Maps and Mental Models......Page 253
 Auditory Imagery......Page 256
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 258
 Key Concepts......Page 259
 Further Reading......Page 260
 Chapter Objectives......Page 263
 The Classical Approach......Page 264
 Learning Complex Rules......Page 268
 Wittgenstein’s Analysis of Concepts......Page 270
 Rosch and Prototypicality......Page 271
 Embodied Cognition......Page 275
 Conceptual Modules......Page 281
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 283
 Key Concepts......Page 284
 Further Reading......Page 285
 Chapter Objectives......Page 287
 Case Study | Reading in the “Olden Days”......Page 288
 The Structure of Language......Page 290
 Transformational Grammar......Page 293
 The Innateness Hypothesis......Page 296
 Communication and Comprehension......Page 304
 The Social Context of Language......Page 309
 Language, Cognition, and Culture......Page 315
 Summary......Page 324
 In the Know: Review Questions......Page 325
 Links to Other Chapters......Page 326
 Further Reading......Page 327
 Chapter Objectives......Page 329
 Case Study | Vaccinating in the Wake of Wakefield......Page 330
 Insight Problems and the Gestalt Theory of Thinking......Page 331
 Current Approaches to Insight Problems......Page 339
 Functional Fixedness and the Design of Tools......Page 344
 The Flexibility–Rigidity Dimension......Page 345
 Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Problem-Solving......Page 348
 Thinking Aloud as a Method for Studying Human Problem-Solving......Page 353
 Can Computer Programs Experience Insight?......Page 354
 Solving Problems in Science......Page 355
 Summary......Page 358
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 359
 Key Concepts......Page 360
 Further Reading......Page 361
 Chapter Objectives......Page 363
 Case Study | The (In)famous Hockey Stick......Page 364
 Reasoning......Page 366
 Judgment and Choice......Page 381
 Ecological Rationality......Page 390
 Training in Statistical Reasoning......Page 392
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 395
 Links to Other Chapters......Page 396
 Further Reading......Page 397
 Chapter Objectives......Page 399
 The Concept of Intelligence: Historical Background......Page 400
 General Intelligence (g)......Page 403
 The Flynn Effect......Page 406
 Sternberg’s Theory of Successful Intelligence......Page 407
 Howard Gardner and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences......Page 413
 Expertise......Page 417
 Creativity......Page 419
 Summary......Page 423
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 424
 Links to Other Chapters......Page 425
 Answers to Problems......Page 426
 Chapter Objectives......Page 429
 Case Study | Blindsight......Page 430
 Distinguishing among Different Levels of Consciousness......Page 431
 Unconscious Perception......Page 433
 Consciousness and the Grand Illusion......Page 439
 Meta-Consciousness......Page 443
 Consciousness and the Brain......Page 447
 Deficits of Consciousness......Page 453
 Case Study Wrap-Up......Page 459
 Links to Other Chapters......Page 460
 Further Reading......Page 461
Glossary......Page 462
References......Page 474
Photo Credits......Page 515
Index......Page 516