Coastal Habitat Conservation: New Perspectives and Sustainable Development of Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Cover
Front Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Impacts, evolution, and changes of pressure on marine ecosystems in recent times. Toward new emerging and unforeseen impact ...
	Introduction
	Traditional impacts on marine ecosystems: Past, present, and future
		Overexploitation
		Marine pollution
		Coastal destruction
		Nonindigenous species
		Climate change
	New emerging impacts within the Anthropocene: Is really a sustainable development being achieved?
		Global warming and marine heat waves
		Acidification
		Plastics
	What we know and what we don’t know
	Where are we going in marine conservation?
	References
Marine area-based conservation in the context of global change: Advances, challenges, and opportunities, with a focus on th ...
	Introduction
	Evolution and advances in marine area-based conservation
		Marine protected areas (MPAs)
		Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs)
		Marine spatial planning
	The pressing need for ecosystem-based monitoring and integration of climate change
		Ecosystem-based monitoring for ecosystem-based management
		Integration of climate change
	Challenges and opportunities in marine area-based conservation: The Mediterranean as showcase
		Main challenges impeding effective marine area-based conservation
		Opportunities to innovate in marine area-based conservation
	References
	Further reading
Coastal urbanization, an issue for marine conservation
	Proliferation and impacts of artificial shorelines
		The development of artificial shorelines around the world
		Ecological impacts of artificial shorelines: Threats and lessons from the last decades
	Lessons from actual infrastructures, new ecological engineering and management tools for the mitigation of ecological ...
		Ecological status of highly modified water bodies (HMWB): Marinas as case study
		Coastal strategies and new technologies for confronting pollution
		The importance of substrata complexity and microhabitats diversity
		The role of the materials used for coastal marine constructions
		Restoration of natural shorelines as a strategy for coastal protection
		Risks and opportunities for the conservation of local biodiversity and threatened species: The usefulness of new app ...
	A social perspective
		Ecosystem and cultural services provided by organisms living on artificial structures
		The socioeconomic benefits of healthy marine ecosystems in heavily urbanized areas
	References
Marine bioinvasions in the Anthropocene: Challenges and opportunities
	Introduction
		Aims and scope of the chapter
		The invasion process
		Synergies with other global change drivers
	Global vectors, transport hubs
	Invasive species impacts
		From species to ecosystem services
		Uncertainties and challenges for predicting impacts
	Early detection and monitoring
		Tools to improve resolution and cost effectiveness
		Prioritizing strategies and strategic areas for long-term monitoring
	Management of marine biological invasions
		Reducing and preventing invasions
			Regulated and yet unregulated vectors
			Recommendations for improving policy and management actions for preventing invasions
			The importance of the social dimension for preventing invasions
		Managing established invasions
			Protocols for selecting and prioritizing feasible actions
			Recommendations for improving policy and management actions for established invasions
			The importance of the social dimension for established invasions
	Concluding remarks and future directions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Aquaculture and conservation
	Aquaculture as alternative to sea overexploitation
	Impacts of aquaculture
		Organic and nutrient enrichment associated with aquaculture facilities
			Impacts on the sediment
			Impacts in the water column
		Impact of fish escape on natural populations
			Escapes from coastal and offshore facilities
			Ecological impacts of fish escapes
			Socioeconomic impacts of fish escapes
			Management of fish escapes
		Controversy in the use of alien species and genetically improved organisms in aquaculture
			Alien species
			Genetically improved organisms
		Fish viral infections relevant to marine aquaculture
	Strategies to reduce negative impact of aquaculture in the context of conservation biology
		Development of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
		Amphipods as promising resource to reduce the impact of eutrophication in aquaculture
	Relevance of ornamental species aquaculture for marine conservation
		The need for cultured specimens
		The trade in species and the implication for conservation aquaculture
		Social implications of aquarium hobby: A psychological perspective
			Participation in the marine aquarium hobby
			Specific motivating factors to hobby aquaculture
				Socially modulated motivation
				Challenge meets skill
				Niches
	Conservation aquaculture of endangered species
		Using aquaculture to relieve pressure on endangered aquatic species
		Using aquaculture to enhance populations of endangered species
		Acknowledgments
	References
Conservation of dark habitats
	Vulnerable dark and low-light marine habitats: Out-of-sight communities at risk
	Technical advances
	Remarkable habitats
		Submarine caves
		Coralligenous outcrops
		Maërl beds
		Deep-sea habitats dominated by sponges
		Gorgonian and black coral gardens
		Brachiopod and crinoid beds
	Threats and pressures
		Direct and indirect effects of climate change
		Coastal pollution and urbanization
		Alien species
		Fishing and harvesting activities
		Scuba diving
		Mining industry
	Conservation strategies
		Legal protection
		Management of commercial activities
		Monitoring tools
		Active ecological restoration
		Acknowledgments
	References
The ecological restoration: A way forward the conservation of marine biodiversity
	Introduction
		Background
		Chapter objectives
	Ecological restoration: A way forward
		Ecosystem trajectory under natural and man-made influences
		The possible actions to place a site or an ecosystem onto desirable trajectory
		Why can we conduct restoration work now?
			Current regulations and emerging attitude
			Existing solutions
			Resources and costs
	Restoration for tomorrow’s society?
		Results of a successful ecological restoration initiatives
			Nursery habitats in harbor
			Artificial reef
			Seagrass transplant
			PCC-R-based fish enhancement
			Endangered species translocation: The example of the Patella ferruginea limpet and corals
		The crucial role of science/knowledge
		Toward a new economic sector
	Challenges and opportunities in using ecological restoration to address global biodiversity targets
	Conclusions and recommendations
	Acknowledgments
	Glossary
	References
Public engagement and its challenging role in conservation and monitoring
	Public engagement in marine conservation efforts: A new paradigm
		Citizen science vs participatory activities
		Diving sector as protagonist in marine citizen science
	Spaces between conservation science and policy: New approaches to embrace
		Inclusiveness fails when there is an underappreciation of values in social research
		Learning the tools, methods, and thinking to incorporate transdisciplinarity in marine conservation
		Inclusion of stakeholders from early stages
		Focus on impact evaluation and learning from failure
	Implication of boundary organizations in management of marine areas
		Nonprofit organizations as gearing between environmental management and society
		Other private entities in conservation projects
	Examples of participatory initiatives for conservation of marine ecosystems
		A citizen science initiative for seagrass conservation: POSIMED-Andalucía
			The seagrass P. oceanica
			How POSIMED-Andalucía network works
			Sampling methodology
			Validation systems
			Validation analysis
			Main findings within POSIMED project
			Conclusions
		Participatory activities related to marine litter
			Citizen participation in Spain in beach cleanups. From volunteering to citizen science. An example of success
			Microplastics, a new challenge in participation activities
			An integral study of marine litter in a marine protected area with society participation
			Marine debris and its relation to coral conservation in the Mediterranean Sea: “SOS REDES—Alborán” initiative
		Participatory activities for coral conservation in the Mediterranean Sea
			MedCoral Program, protecting the present to save the future
			MedCoral’s latest conservation project: the seeding of recruits
	References
Index
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