Clustering Windows Server: A Road Map for Enterprise Solutions

Clustering Windows ServersA Road Map for Enterprise Solutions......Page 8
Table of Contents......Page 2
 About this book......Page 10
 Why a cluster?......Page 11
 What's in this book?......Page 13
 Copyrights, trademarks, and service marks......Page 14
 1.2 When is a cluster not a cluster?......Page 15
 1.2.1 Availability......Page 16
 1.2.5 Single-system image......Page 17
 1.3 Subsystems......Page 18
 1.4.1 User recovery......Page 20
 1.4.2 Administrative recovery......Page 21
 1.5 Design goals......Page 22
 2.1 Introduction......Page 27
 2.2 Acceptable availability......Page 28
 2.3.2 Downtime......Page 29
 2.4 Acceptable reliability......Page 30
 2.4.1 Server failover shared disk......Page 34
 2.4.3 Storage failover......Page 35
 2.4.4 Interconnect failover......Page 36
 2.6 Summary......Page 37
 3.1 Introduction......Page 38
 3.2 Cluster membership......Page 39
 3.3 States and transition......Page 41
 3.4.3 Disk resource......Page 42
 3.5 Lockstep mirroring......Page 43
 3.6 Replication......Page 44
 3.7 Shared disk and shared nothing disk......Page 46
 3.8 SAN versus NAS......Page 47
 3.9 Summary......Page 49
 4.1 Introduction......Page 50
 4.2 Cluster review......Page 51
 4.3.2 Cluster......Page 52
 4.3.3 Cluster lite......Page 53
 4.4 Cluster or component or attribute?......Page 55
 4.5.2 Microsoft Cluster Service (MSCS)......Page 56
 4.5.6 Other considerations......Page 57
 4.6 Summary......Page 60
 5.2.1 Cluster nodes or cluster members......Page 61
 5.2.4 Resource groups......Page 62
 5.2.6 Cluster interconnect......Page 63
 5.3 Cluster models......Page 64
 5.3.1 Active/standby cluster with mirrored data......Page 65
 5.3.2 Active/passive cluster with mirrored data......Page 66
 5.3.3 Active/active cluster with shared disk......Page 67
 5.3.4 Active/active cluster with shared files......Page 68
 5.4.1 Cluster Service......Page 69
 5.4.2 Resource Monitor......Page 70
 5.4.3 Resource DLL......Page 72
 5.4.5 Resource Groups......Page 73
 5.4.7 Configuration Database Manager......Page 75
 5.4.10 Communications Manager......Page 76
 5.4.12 Cluster time service......Page 77
 5.5 Quorum Resource......Page 78
 5.6 Cluster failover architecture......Page 79
 5.6.2 Recovery failover......Page 80
 5.6.4 Planning for a cluster failover......Page 83
 5.6.5 Failover policies......Page 84
 6.1 I/O subsystems and capacity planning for clusters......Page 86
 6.2 I/O load model......Page 89
 6.3 Data processing capacity model for a cluster......Page 91
 6.3.1 Processor......Page 92
 6.3.3 Memory operation rate......Page 94
 6.3.5 Main I/O bus......Page 95
 6.3.6 AGP video bus......Page 97
 6.3.7 I/O operation per second rate (IOPS)......Page 98
 6.4 Well-engineered storage systems......Page 99
 6.5 The future of system bus technology......Page 100
 6.6 Rules of thumb for cluster capacity......Page 102
 7.1 What is a cluster communication interconnect?......Page 104
 7.2.1 Bus functionality......Page 108
 7.2.2 LAN functionality......Page 109
 7.3 VIA cluster interconnect software standard......Page 111
 7.3.1 Why VIA?......Page 112
 7.4 Winsock Direct technology......Page 113
 7.5.1 SCSI standards......Page 114
 7.5.2 SCSI device ID numbers......Page 117
 7.5.3 Single-ended vs. differential SCSI bus......Page 118
 7.5.5 LVD vs. HVD SCSI technology......Page 119
 7.5.6 The SCSI "T" connector......Page 121
 7.5.7 SCSI component quality......Page 122
 7.5.8 Supporting larger SCSI disk farms......Page 123
 8.1 LAN technology in a clusterthe critical link......Page 124
 8.2 The enterprise connection......Page 125
 8.3 Connection and cost......Page 127
 8.5 LAN vs. SAN......Page 128
 8.6 Network transports......Page 129
 8.6.3 Transport redundancy......Page 130
 8.6.4 Compaq's Advanced Server transport redundancy......Page 131
 8.8 Fault isolation......Page 132
 8.9 Cluster computer name......Page 133
 8.9.1 How the cluster alias is used......Page 134
 8.10 Cluster Service's use of IP mobility......Page 135
 8.11 IP addresses required for virtual servers......Page 136
 8.12.2 Windows Load Balancing Service......Page 137
 8.12.3 HyperFlow......Page 138
 8.13 Redundant network hardware......Page 140
 8.14 Environmental considerations for network equipment......Page 141
 8.15 Change control......Page 142
 9.1 The importance of cluster administration......Page 143
 9.2 Building a high-availability foundation......Page 144
 9.2.1 Cluster hardware certification......Page 145
 9.3 Cluster implementation options......Page 146
 9.3.2 Cluster upgrade kits......Page 147
 9.4 Installation, test, and burn-in......Page 148
 9.4.3 Hardware diagnostic procedures for a cluster......Page 149
 9.4.4 Remote system management......Page 150
 9.5 Planning system capacity in a cluster......Page 151
 9.5.1 Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) for scalability......Page 152
 9.6.2 Licensing applications in a cluster......Page 155
 9.7.2 Determining resource dependencies in a groupCluster resources......Page 156
 9.8.2 IP addresses......Page 157
 9.9.2 The impact of failover on end users......Page 158
 10.1 Total system design approach to high availability......Page 160
 10.2 Identifying the cause of downtime......Page 161
 10.3 Quality hardware......Page 162
 10.3.1 Selecting high-quality hardware......Page 163
 10.3.2 Selecting a vendor......Page 164
 10.3.3 Dealing with commodity hardware......Page 165
 10.3.4 Why is MSCS certification important to you?......Page 166
 10.4.2 Backup power supplies......Page 168
 10.4.4 Cleanliness......Page 169
 10.4.6 Hardware and software service contracts......Page 170
 10.4.8 Spare parts......Page 171
 10.5 Disaster recovery plans......Page 172
 10.5.2 Maintenance checklist......Page 174
 10.5.4 Simulated failures......Page 175
 10.6 System design and deployment plan......Page 176
A-C......Page 178
D-H......Page 181
I-P......Page 184
Q-S......Page 186
T-Y......Page 189
 Vendors......Page 192
 Books......Page 199
 Trade associations......Page 200
 Chapter 4: Cluster System Classification Matrix......Page 203
 Chapter 7: Cluster Interconnect Technologies......Page 204
 Chapter 10: Achieving Data Center Reliability with Windows NT/2000 Clustering......Page 205
 Chapter 8: Cluster Networking......Page 206
 Chapter 10: Achieving Data Center Reliability with Windows NT/2000 Clustering......Page 207