Clinical Decision Making for Improving Prognosis

Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Content Introduction
Introduction of Editors
	Chief Editor
	Deputy Editors
Introduction
Contents
1: Introduction
	1	 Introduction to Clinical Decision-Making for Improving Prognosis
		1.1	 Concept and Characteristics of Prognosis Control Surgery
		1.2	 Prognosis of Patient Is the Ultimate Goal
		1.3	 The Management of Disease Risks Is the Realization Process
		1.4	 The Optimal Combination of the Three Factors of Intervention Is a Means of Realization
	2	 Disease Risk Management
		2.1	 The Concept of Disease Risk Management
		2.2	 Basic Ideas and Processes for Risk Assessment
		2.3	 Basic Ideas and Processes of Risk Intervention
	3	 Knowledge and Experience of Interveners
		3.1	 Humanistic Care
		3.2	 Putting Virtue First
		3.3	 Be Diligent
		3.4	 Good at Thinking
		3.5	 Emotional Control
		3.6	 Keeping Pace with the Times
		3.7	 Diligent in Summing Up
	4	 Optimization of Interventions
		4.1	 Optimization of Intervention Means
		4.2	 Implementation Principles
			4.2.1	 Safety
			4.2.2	 Effectiveness
			4.2.3	 Cooperativity
			4.2.4	 Controllability
		4.3	 Significance
	5	 Selection of Intervention Timing
		5.1	 Selection of Intervention Timing
		5.2	 Classification
			5.2.1	 Timing Related to Disease Risk
			5.2.2	 Timing Related to Intervention Providers
			5.2.3	 Timing Related to Intervention Means
		5.3	 How to Grasp the Intervention Timing
			5.3.1	 Safety
			5.3.2	 Efficacy
			5.3.3	 Dynamics
		5.4	 Significance
	Suggested Reading
2: Surgical Risk Management
	1	 Definition of Surgical Risk
		1.1	 Ancient Surgery
			1.1.1	 The Origin of Surgery
			1.1.2	 Hippocrates and Galen
		1.2	 Modern Surgery
			1.2.1	 Establishment and Application of Anesthesia
			1.2.2	 Surgical Disinfection and Antibiotics
			1.2.3	 Hemostatic Techniques and Blood Transfusion
		1.3	 Modern Surgery
			1.3.1	 Standardization and Specialization of Surgery
			1.3.2	 Innovation of Surgical Instruments and Imaging Technology
			1.3.3	 Development of Minimally Invasive Surgery Concept
	2	 Principle of Surgical Risk Management
		2.1	 Concept and Connotation
		2.2	 Surgical Risk Pre-control System
			2.2.1	 Risk Identification, Evaluation, and Prevention
				Risk Identification
				Risk Evaluation
				Risk Prevention
			2.2.2	 Risk Control
	3	 Surgical Risk Identification
		3.1	 What Is the Surgical Risk Identification?
		3.2	 How Is Surgical Risk Identification Performed?
		3.3	 Analysis of Risk Factors for Common Surgical Risks
			3.3.1	 Intraoperative Bleeding
			3.3.2	 Surgical Infection
			3.3.3	 Digestive Tract Fistula
	4	 Surgical Risk Assessment
		4.1	 Overview of Surgical Risk Evaluation
		4.2	 Auxiliary Instruments for Surgical Risk Evaluation
			4.2.1	 General Condition of Patients
			4.2.2	 Accessory Examination
		4.3	 Surgical Risk Assessment Methodology
			4.3.1	 Empirical Assessment
			4.3.2	 FMEA Method
			4.3.3	 Risk Matrix
			4.3.4	 Risk Prediction Scoring Model
		4.4	 Common Risk Prediction Scoring Model
			4.4.1	 POSSUM Scoring System
			4.4.2	 Grading of Clavien-Dindo Surgical Complications
	5	 Surgical Risk Intervention
		5.1	 Concept of Risk Intervention
			5.1.1	 Development of Risk Prevention Concept
			5.1.2	 Principles for Implementing Risk Control
		5.2	 Principles of Surgical Risk Intervention
			5.2.1	 Life Safety
			5.2.2	 Risk Communication
			5.2.3	 Reasonable Cost
			5.2.4	 Risk Communication
		5.3	 Specific Forms of Surgical Risk Intervention
			5.3.1	 Risk Prevention
			5.3.2	 Risk Control
	References
		Suggested Reading
3: Decision Making Process for Interveners
	1	 Clinical Decision-Making
		1.1	 Definitions
		1.2	 Classification
		1.3	 Characteristics of Clinical Decision-Making
			1.3.1	 Integrity
			1.3.2	 Risk
			1.3.3	 Sociality
		1.4	 Influencing Factors
		1.5	 Significance
	2	 Development of Clinical Thinking
		2.1	 Concept
		2.2	 Process of Clinical Thinking
			2.2.1	 Thinking Methods in Diagnostic Decision-Making
				Investigation and Collection of Clinical Data
				Collation and Analysis of Clinical Data
				Formation of Hypothetical Diagnosis
				Validation of Hypothetical Diagnosis
			2.2.2	 Thinking Method in Treatment Decision-Making
				Development of Treatment Regimen
				Decision-Making Thinking in the Perioperative Period
					Preoperative Preparation
					Intraoperative Decision-Making
					Postoperative Treatment
		2.3	 How to Cultivate Clinical Thinking
			2.3.1	 Diligent in Summing up
			2.3.2	 Focus on Practice
			2.3.3	 Scientific Thinking
			2.3.4	 Keeping Pace with the Times
	3	 Application of Evidence-Based Medicine
		3.1	 Concept
		3.2	 Clinical Applications
			3.2.1	 To Establish the Thinking of Evidence-Based Medicine
			3.2.2	 To Make Clinical Decisions Based on Evidence-Based Medical Evidence
			3.2.3	 To Timely Grasp the Progress of Evidence-Based Medicine
			3.2.4	 To Establish Evidence-Based Medicine Decision-Making System
			3.2.5	 Individualized Practice of Evidence-Based Medicine
		3.3	 Limitations of Evidence-Based Medicine
		3.4	 Significance
			3.4.1	 To Facilitate the Scientificity of Clinical Decision-Making
			3.4.2	 To Promote the Transformation of Medical Education Model
			3.4.3	 To Promote the Development of Medical Scientific Research
	4	 Application of MDT Mode
		4.1	 Concept and Feature
			4.1.1	 Definition
			4.1.2	 Feature
		4.2	 Necessity and Significance
			4.2.1	 Necessity
				The Inevitable Results of the Development of Medical Science and Technology
				Necessary Requirements for the Transformation of Medical Concept
				Inevitable Trend of Integration and Optimization of Medical Resources
			4.2.2	 Significance
		4.3	 Clinical Applications
			4.3.1	 Stratified Management Is Performed for Patients
			4.3.2	 Ensure Regular MDT Consultations
			4.3.3	 Good Management and Quality Control Are Conducted for MDT Cases
			4.3.4	 Adhere to the Patient-Centered Principle
		4.4	 Analysis of MDT Cases
	Suggested Reading
4: Optimization of Interventions
	1	 Damage Control Optimization
		1.1	 Concept
		1.2	 Development History
		1.3	 Characteristics
			1.3.1	 Rapidity
			1.3.2	 Minimal Invasion
			1.3.3	 Precision
		1.4	 Classification
			1.4.1	 Path Damage Control
			1.4.2	 Target Damage Control
			1.4.3	 Additional Damage Control
		1.5	 Significance
	2	 Theoretical Innovation and Optimization
		2.1	 Concept
		2.2	 Characteristics
			2.2.1	 Practicalness
			2.2.2	 Openness
			2.2.3	 Practicability
		2.3	 Classification
			2.3.1	 Developmental Theoretical Innovation
			2.3.2	 Corrective Theoretical Innovation
			2.3.3	 Autonomous Theoretical Innovation
		2.4	 Significance
	3	 Path Module Optimization
		3.1	 Concept
		3.2	 Characteristics
		3.3	 Classification
			3.3.1	 Pathing of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
			3.3.2	 Standardization of Auxiliary Operation
			3.3.3	 Patterning of Intervention Means
			3.3.4	 Modularization of Complex Operations
		3.4	 Steps
			3.4.1	 Clinical Practice
			3.4.2	 Generalization and Summarization
			3.4.3	 Practical Application
		3.5	 Significance
	4	 Cost-Benefit Optimization
		4.1	 Concept
		4.2	 Necessity
		4.3	 Specific Strategies
			4.3.1	 Cost-Effective Analysis (CEA)
			4.3.2	 Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA)
			4.3.3	 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
		4.4	 Significance
	5	 Application of Artificial Intelligence
		5.1	 Concept
		5.2	 Development of Artificial Intelligence
		5.3	 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
			5.3.1	 Impact on Disease Diagnostic Patterns
			5.3.2	 Influence on Pathological Diagnosis of Tumor
			5.3.3	 Impact on Clinical Decision-Making Modes
			5.3.4	 Remote and Intelligent Robotic Surgery System
		5.4	 Forecasts
			5.4.1	 Intelligent Medical Image Recognition and Prediction
		5.5	 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Surgical Planning
		5.6	 Intraoperative Navigation
		5.7	 Remote and Intelligent Robotic Surgery System
	Suggested Reading
5: The Choice of Intervention Timing
	1	 Disease Risk and Intervention Timing
		1.1	 Case 1
		1.2	 Case 2
		1.3	 Case 3
		1.4	 Case 4
	2	 Interveners and Intervention Timing
		2.1	 Case 1
		2.2	 Case 2
	3	 Interventions and Intervention Timing
		3.1	 Case 1
		3.2	 Case 2
	Suggested Reading
6: Strategies of Clinical Decision Making for Improving Prognosis
	1	 Bleeding Control Technology
		1.1	 Case 1
	2	 Surgical Approach Selection
		2.1	 Case 1
	3	 Resection Techniques
		3.1	 Case 1
		3.2	 Case 2
	4	 Reconstruction Techniques
		4.1	 Case 1
		4.2	 Case 2
	Suggested Reading