Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability Approaches: Global Lessons and Local Challenges

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1: Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability Approaches: An Introduction
	1.1 Human Development and Environment
	1.2 Climate Action
	1.3 Sustainable Development: Global Scenario
	1.4 Transition to Alternate Energy Resources
	1.5 Sustainability Principles, Practices, and Challenges
	References
Part I: Climate Change, Mitigation, and Sustainable Agriculture
	2: Progress in Climate Change Downscaling Simulations in Southeast Asia
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Climate Models and Regional Climate Downscaling
		2.3 Progress in Regional Climate Simulation
			2.3.1 Country Level
				2.3.1.1 Vietnam
				2.3.1.2 Thailand
				2.3.1.3 Malaysia
				2.3.1.4 Indonesia
				2.3.1.5 The Philippines
			2.3.2 Regional Level
		2.4 Challenges and Ways Forward
		2.5 Conclusions
		References
	3: Climate Change Signatures over Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Formation of Schirmacher Oasis
		3.3 Types of Rocks in SO
		3.4 Formation of Ponds and Lakes Over SO
		3.5 Impact of Radiative Properties and Thermal Stresses
			3.5.1 Impact of Thermal Convection
		3.6 Mechanical Weathering by Katabatic Winds
		3.7 Chemical Weathering
		3.8 Biological Weathering
		3.9 Rock-Ice Interaction
		3.10 Conclusion
		References
	4: REDD+ in the Indian Context: Planning and Implementation Scenario
		4.1 Concept of REDD+
		4.2 Scope of REDD+
		4.3 India´s Stand on REDD+
		4.4 India´s Preparedness for REDD+
		4.5 Implementation Framework
		4.6 Apportioning Targets
		4.7 Infrastructure Required
		4.8 Addressing Gender Equity
		4.9 State Governments
		4.10 How Community-Based Monitoring May Contribute to a National MRV System for REDD+?
		4.11 Finance/Funding
		4.12 Some Case Studies
		4.13 Key Issues and Challenges
		4.14 Conclusion and Future Coverage
		References
	5: Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability, and Mitigation in the Indian Ocean Region: Policy Suggestions
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Climate Change Vulnerabilities in the Indian Ocean Region
		5.3 Case Study: Maldives
			5.3.1 Maldives: Path to Climate Resilience
		5.4 Mitigation Policies and Challenges among Littorals of Indian Ocean
			5.4.1 Path to Resolution: Policy Suggestions
		5.5 Conclusion
		References
	6: Climate Change, Agriculture Adaptation, and Sustainability
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Future Climate Change
		6.3 Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
		6.4 Agriculture Adaptation
			6.4.1 Framework for Adaptation Strategies
			6.4.2 Adaptation Strategies
		6.5 Sustainability
		6.6 Conclusions
		References
	7: Enhancing Climate Service Delivery Mechanisms in Agriculture Sector to Cope with Climate Change
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Emerging Information Products
		7.3 Reach and Application in Existing Contexts and Challenges of Delivering These to Users
			7.3.1 Reach and Application in Existing Contexts
			7.3.2 Delivery of Products and Services
		7.4 Receptivity and Capacity of Users to Understand and Use
			7.4.1 Empowering Agriculture Community to Use Weather and Climate Information in their Decision Context
		7.5 Case Study of Tamil Nadu: Integrating Products to Users
		7.6 Conclusions and Future Directions
		References
	8: Agrometeorological Services for Climate Resilient Agriculture
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture
		8.3 Climate Services
		8.4 Agrometeorological Services
		8.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
		References
	9: Microbial Diversity and Multifunctional Microbial Biostimulants for Agricultural Sustainability
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Microbial Diversity
		9.3 Microbes as Nutrient Provider
			9.3.1 Nitrogen Fixer
			9.3.2 Mineral Solubilizing Microbes
			9.3.3 Siderophores as Facilitator
			9.3.4 Organic Matter Decomposer
			9.3.5 Phytohormone Production
		9.4 Root Development
			9.4.1 Role of Rhizobacteria in Root Architecture
			9.4.2 Plant Fungus Interaction
		9.5 Microbes as Biocontrol Agent for Plants
		9.6 Role of Microbes in Bioremediation of Toxic Pesticide Compounds
		9.7 Role in Reducing Stress in Plant
			9.7.1 Drought Stress
			9.7.2 Salinity Stress
			9.7.3 Heavy Metal Stress
			9.7.4 Temperature Stress
		9.8 Plants, Microbes, and Animals Cross-Talk
		9.9 Soil Carbon Sequestration
		9.10 Commercial Formulations; Limitations and Challenges
		9.11 Conclusion and Future Prospects
		References
	10: Adoption of Vertical Farming Technique for Sustainable Agriculture
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Vertical Farming an Emerging Approach
		10.3 Market Dynamics
			10.3.1 Trends
			10.3.2 Drivers
		10.4 Types of Growth Mechanism Used in Vertical Farms
			10.4.1 Aeroponics
			10.4.2 Advantages of Aeroponics System
		10.5 Hydroponics
			10.5.1 Advantages of Hydroponic System
		10.6 Aquaponics
			10.6.1 Advantages of Aquaponics System
		10.7 Analysis of Various Growth Mechanism Techniques
		10.8 Types of Structure
			10.8.1 Building-Based Vertical Farms
			10.8.2 Shipping Container Vertical Farms
			10.8.3 Analysis of Structures of Vertical Farms
		10.9 Types of Support Systems Used for Growing Plants in Vertical Farms
		10.10 Challenges
		10.11 Conclusion
		References
			Key Style Points: Other References
			Organization Site
Part II: Environmental Sustainability
	11: Sustainability of Biofuels: The Dynamic Nexus Between CO2 Emissions and Bioenergy Consumption in OECD Countries
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Context
		11.3 State of Current Literature
		11.4 Carbon Emission and Bioenergy Consumption Nexus in OECD Countries: An Overview of Econometric Methods
		11.5 Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, Bioenergy Consumption, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption and Urbanization Nexus in OECD ...
			11.5.1 Summary Statistics of Variables
			11.5.2 Unit Root Tests
			11.5.3 Panel Cointegration Estimates
			11.5.4 Long-Run Estimates
		11.6 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
		References
	12: Challenges and Solution for Renewable Energy (RE) Development in Uttarakhand, India
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Methodology
		12.3 Demand Supply Gap
		12.4 Electricity Production and Consumption
		12.5 Challenges of Hydropower Sector in Uttarakhand
			12.5.1 Administrative Challenges
			12.5.2 Construction Challenges
			12.5.3 Geological Challenges
			12.5.4 Environmental Challenges
			12.5.5 Unique Challenges and Reasons for Unsuccessful Small Hydropower Projects in Uttarakhand
		12.6 Policy Recommendations for RE Development in Uttarakhand
		12.7 Financial Support Required
			12.7.1 Financial Support and Disbursal
				12.7.1.1 Streamlined Project Development
				12.7.1.2 Low-Cost Financing
		12.8 RE Grid Integration and Efficient Grid Operation
		12.9 Conclusion
		References
	13: Integrated Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production Using Microbial Fuel Cell Technology: A Sustainable Environment Mana...
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Wastewater Treatment by MFCs
			13.2.1 COD Removal
			13.2.2 Removal and Recovery of Heavy Metals
			13.2.3 Removal of Nitrates and Phosphates
			13.2.4 Removal of Dyes
			13.2.5 Removal of Xenobiotics
		13.3 Energy Production by MFC
			13.3.1 Power Generation Scenario
			13.3.2 Electrode Materials
			13.3.3 Electrode Modification for Enhanced Energy
		13.4 Role of Biofilm Communities
		13.5 Technical Challenges and Prospects
		13.6 Economic Feasibility
		13.7 Opportunities for Sustainable Environment Management
		13.8 Conclusion
		References
	14: Carbon Footprinting: A Study of Plywood Industry in District Yamunanagar (India)
		14.1 Introduction
			14.1.1 About Yamunanagar
			14.1.2 Carbon Emission in Plywood Industry
		14.2 Review of Literature
		14.3 The Research Problem
		14.4 Results and Calculations
			14.4.1 Scope 1
			14.4.2 Scope 2
			14.4.3 Scope 3
		14.5 Major Findings and Discussion
		14.6 Future Research Prospects
		References
			Websites
	15: Eco-Friendly Bioremediation Approach for Dye Removal from Wastewaters: Challenges and Prospects
		15.1 Introduction
			15.1.1 Synthetic Dyes: Reactive Dyes
			15.1.2 Bioremediation Approach for Dye Removal
		15.2 Pure Microbial Cultures and Consortia for Dye Decolorization
		15.3 Factors Impacting Microbial Dye Degradation and Process Optimization
			15.3.1 Temperature
			15.3.2 Agitation and Oxygenation
			15.3.3 Carbon and Nitrogen Supplement
			15.3.4 Ligno-Cellulose Amendment
			15.3.5 Initial pH
			15.3.6 Optimization of Dye Degradation Response Using Models
		15.4 Dye Degradation and Biotransformation Pathways
			15.4.1 Anaerobic Degradation
			15.4.2 Aerobic Degradation
			15.4.3 Role of Enzymes
			15.4.4 Degradation Pathways
		15.5 Bioassays to Assess Reusability of Wastewaters with Biodegraded Dyes
		15.6 Major Challenges and Techno-Economic Feasibility
		15.7 Conclusion
		References
	16: Degradation and Biotransformation of Pentachlorophenol by Microorganisms
		16.1 Introduction
			16.1.1 Properties and Types of Chlorinated Phenols
		16.2 Chlorinated Compounds and Their Significance
			16.2.1 Pentachlorophenol and Its Significance
			16.2.2 Properties of Pentachlorophenol
				16.2.2.1 Physical Properties of Pentachlorophenol
				16.2.2.2 Chemical Properties of Pentachlorophenol
				16.2.2.3 Toxicology of Pentachlorophenol
		16.3 Physicochemical Methods for Treatment of Pentachlorophenol
			16.3.1 Physical Method for the Degradation of PCP
			16.3.2 Chemical Removal of PCP
		16.4 Bacterial Degradation of PCP
			16.4.1 Aerobic Degradation of Pentachlorophenols by Bacteria
			16.4.2 Anaerobic Degradation of PCP
		16.5 Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol by Fungi
		16.6 Pathways and Enzymes Involved in Degradation
		16.7 Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol by Algae
		16.8 Pentachlorophenol Degradation by Mixed Microbial Communities
			16.8.1 PCP Degradation in Soil and Water
			16.8.2 Biochar Based PCP Degradation
			16.8.3 Bioelectrochemical System for PCP Degradation
		16.9 Conclusion
		References
	17: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India: Practices, Challenges and the Way Forward
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Solid Waste Generation Scenario
		17.3 Solid Waste Management Practices and Challenges in India
			17.3.1 Urban Areas
				17.3.1.1 Challenges in Urban India
			17.3.2 Rural Areas
				17.3.2.1 Challenges in Rural India
			17.3.3 Solid Waste Management in Hilly Regions
				17.3.3.1 Challenges in Hilly Regions
		17.4 Sustainable Waste Management System
		17.5 Sustainable Waste Management Principles and Policies
		17.6 Elements of a Sustainable Waste Management System
		17.7 Legal and Policy Framework for SWM in India
		17.8 Integrated Solid Waste Management System
		17.9 Conclusions and the Way Forward
		References
	18: Social Enterprises as an Emerging Platform in Waste Management
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Social Enterprises: Its Characteristic Features and Objectives
		18.3 Assessment of the Role of Social Enterprises in Solid Waste Management
		18.4 Solid Waste Management Scenario in India and Role of Social Enterprises
			18.4.1 Case Study 1: E-Waste Management by Sanshodhan, Hyderabad, Telangana
			18.4.2 Case Study 2: Composting of Flower Waste by ``Brook and Bloom´´, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
			18.4.3 Case Study 3: Conserve India, Delhi
			18.4.4 Case Study 4: Dye Manufacturing from Floral Waste, Bodh Gaya, Bihar
			18.4.5 Case Study 5: Floral Waste to Incense Sticks, Mango Foundation, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
			18.4.6 Case Study 6: Eco-Friendly Stationery by Chanu Associates, Imphal, Manipur
			18.4.7 Case Study 7: Brick Manufacturing from Plastic Waste by Zerund Bricks, Guwahati, Assam
			18.4.8 Case Study 8: Thunk in India, Bengaluru, Karnataka
		18.5 Conclusion and Way Forward
		References
	19: Understanding Linkages Between Sustainability and Traditional Ethnoecological Knowledge (TEK): A Case Study of Paudi Bhuya...
		19.1 Introduction
			19.1.1 Understanding Traditional Ethnoecological Knowledge
			19.1.2 Nature of Traditional Ethnoecological Knowledge
			19.1.3 Understanding SDGs
			19.1.4 A Case Study of Paudi Bhuyans
		19.2 Approaches
			19.2.1 Selection of Informants
			19.2.2 Sampling Techniques
			19.2.3 Field Assessment
		19.3 Categorization of Plant-Based Knowledge
			19.3.1 Knowledge About Edible Plants
			19.3.2 Ethnomedicinal Knowledge About Plant Species
			19.3.3 Biocultural Knowledge About Plants
		19.4 Understanding SDGs Against a Background of TEK
		19.5 The Future of TEK
		19.6 Conclusion
		References
	20: Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Challenges and Preparation in Bangladesh
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Why Does the World Need the SDGs?
		20.3 SDGs and Bangladesh
		20.4 Key Challenges in Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
			20.4.1 Goal 1: No Poverty
			20.4.2 Goal 2: Zero Hunger
			20.4.3 Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
			20.4.4 Goal 4: Quality Education
			20.4.5 Goal 5: Gender Equality
			20.4.6 Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
			20.4.7 Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
			20.4.8 Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
			20.4.9 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
			20.4.10 Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities
			20.4.11 Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
			20.4.12 Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
			20.4.13 Goal 13: Climate Action
			20.4.14 Goal 14: Life Below Water
			20.4.15 Goal 15: Life on Land
			20.4.16 Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
			20.4.17 Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals
		20.5 Commitment toward Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
			20.5.1 Formation of SDGs Implementation Committees
			20.5.2 Approach to Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
			20.5.3 Policies and Strategies in Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
			20.5.4 Lead Ministries and Divisions Involved in Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
			20.5.5 National Action Plan for the Achievement of SDGs in Bangladesh
			20.5.6 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for the Achievement of SDGs in Bangladesh
		20.6 Potentials in Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
		20.7 Concluding Remarks
		References
			Web Sources
	21: Sustainable Health Care Under Ayushman Bharat Initiative in India: Role of Institutional CSR
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 India´s Universal Health Care Program: Ayushman Bharat
			21.2.1 Ayushman Bharat Budget Allocation
		21.3 Perspectives of Business Organizations: CSR Spent on Health Care
			21.3.1 Trends in Pharma and Non-Pharma Companies
			21.3.2 Spending Trends on Various Aspects of Healthcare
			21.3.3 Challenges for Effective Implementation of Ayushman Bharat Scheme
		21.4 Public Private Partnership (PPP) Model for Strengthening Ayushman Bharat Scheme
		21.5 Conclusion
		References