Climate Change, Disaster and Adaptations: Contextualising Human Responses to Ecological Change (Sustainable Development Goals Series)

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1: Introduction: Resilience, Adaptation, and Migration – Exploring the Range of Human Response to Climatic Change
	Introduction
	Social-Ecological Systems and Social-Ecological Regime Shifts
	Slow-Onset Events and Sendai Framework
	Climate Change as a Slow-Onset Event
	Present Initiative
	Conclusion
	References
2: Spatio-temporal Variation of Drought Events over the Eastern Rajasthan (India): A Geo-spatial Approach
	Introduction
	Study Site
	Materials and Methods
		Datasets
			NDVI and EVI
			Rainfall
			Soil Moisture
		Methodology
			Remote Sensing-Based Drought Indices
			NDVI
			EVI
			SPI
			SPEI
			PDSI
			MK Trend Analysis
	Results and Discussion
		NDVI
		EVI
		Inter-Relationship of SPI, SPEI, and PDSI
		Statistical Trend Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
3: Evaluation of Hydro-geomorphic Responses to Climate Change in North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India
	Introduction
	Location of the Study Area
	Material and Methods
	Result and Discussion
		Temperature and Rainfall Variability
		Changes in Glacial Area
		Changes in Glacial Lake Area
		Response to Landslide
		Hydrological Impacts of Climate Warming
	Runoff and Sediment Yield
	Conclusion
	References
4: Disasters, Climate Change, and Migration Concerns in Fiji and the Pacific: An Overview
	Introduction
	Climate-Induced Migration
	Migration in the Pacific
	Migration in Fiji Islands
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
5: Assessing the Microclimatic Environmental Indicators of Climate Change of a Temperate Valley in the Western Himalayan Region
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Materials and Methods
	Results and Discussion
		Climate
			Temperature
			Precipitation
			Glacier Recession
			Wetland Loss
			Dynamics of Vegetation Patterns in Alpine Regions
			Weed Bloom in Aquatic Ecosystems
			Early Spring Bloom
	Conclusion
	References
6: Is Technology the Nexus Between Climate Change-and Disaster-Induced Human Displacement?
	Introduction
	India: New Perspective on Developmental Projects, Climate Change, and Human Displacement
	Data and Method
	Result and Discussion
		Load of Developmental Projects in India
		Effect of Developmental Projects on the Environment and Cause of Climate Change
		Climate- and Disaster-Induced Displacement by Developmental Projects
	Conclusion
	References
7: Climate Change Hazard Perception and Gender Empowerment for Resilience in the Regions of Tropical Asia
	Introduction
	Hazard Perceptions
	Gendered Approach to Climatic Hazard Management
	Policy Perspectives
	Concluding Remarks
	References
8: Climate Change and the Rising Hazard Potential in Lahaul and Spiti: Himachal Pradesh
	Introduction
		Climate Change Hazard
	GLOF in Himalayas
	Glacial Lakes in HP
	Study Area and Statement of Problem
	Location and Description of the Study Area
	Literature Review
	Formation of Glacial Lakes in Himachal Pradesh and Need of the Study
	Materials and Methods
		Mapping and Change Detection of Glaciers and Glacial Lakes
		Image Preprocessing and Data Preparation
		Glacier Mapping and Change Detection
		Glacial Lake Mapping, Classification, and Change Detection
		Glacial Lakes Change Detection
		To Assess Potential of Outburst of Glacial Lakes
	Results and Discussion
		Glacial Lake Inventory
	Geomorphology and Sissu Lake Dynamism
	Overview of the Villages Fed by the Glacial Lake
	Conclusion
	References
9: Climate Change and Disaster-Induced Displacement in the Global South: A Review
	Introduction
	Methodology
		Datasets
		Study Area
		Methods
	Results and Discussions
		Defining Migration, Mobility, and Displacement
		General Trends in Forced Migration Due to Climate Change and Disasters
		Dynamics of Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement in the Global South
			Drought and Heat Stress
			Floods and Cyclonic Storms
			Tsunami
			Sea Level Rise
		Disaster Mitigation and Emergency Response in the Global South
			Mitigation Measures
			Adaptation Measures
			Response Measures
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
10: Climate Change, Disaster and Adaptations: Human Responses to Ecological Changes
	Introduction
	Natural Versus Human-Induced Climate Change
	Climate Change Impacts
		Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Sector
		Impact of Climate Change over Polar Regions
	Consequences and Adaptation to Climate Change
	Genetic Adaptation by Sea Nomads
	Human Migration
	Conclusions and Recommendation for the Future
	References
11: Assessing Impact of Climate Variability on Potential Agricultural Land Suitability in Nalanda District, Bihar
	Introduction
	Database and Methods
		Study Area
		Methodology and Preparation of Input Dataset
		Selection and Description of Parameters
			Slope and Elevation
			Soil Texture
			Soil pH
			Rainfall
			Drainage and River Basin
			Drainage Density
			Distance to Major Road
			Land Use Land Cover
		Weightage Estimation Criteria
		Weightage Aggregation
	Results and Discussion
		Spatial Outlooks of Different Input Parameters
		Agricultural Land Suitability
	Conclusion
		Recommendation
	References
12: Adaptation of the Agri-Based Society to Environmental Changes in Thar Desert
	Introduction
	Landforms and Land Use
		Landscape Development
		Landforms and Their Use Potentials
	Traditional Agriculture
		Agricultural Land Use During the Harappan Period
		Land Use During Historical Period
	Modern Agriculture
		Cropping Through Canal Irrigation
		Advent of Groundwater Irrigation
		Green Revolution
	Challenges and Sustainability
		Environmental Consequences of GR
		Monitoring the Changes Through Remote Sensing and GIS
	The Road Ahead
	Conclusions
	References
13: Human Response Toward COVID-19 Pandemic in Terms of Adaptation, Displacement, and Climate Change in India
	Background
	COVID-19 Pandemic in India
	Data and Methodology
	Result and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
14: Human Adaptation During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Perceived Stress and Resilience
	Introduction
		What Is Pandemic?
		Stages of a Pandemic
		Covid-19 Pandemic: Origin, History, Spread, Characteristics
		Effects of Covid-19
		Covid-19 Pandemic as a Stressful Event
		Personality as Resilient to Adapt the Covid-19 Pandemic
		Outcomes of Covid-19 Pandemic
			Psychological Adaptation
			Sociocultural Adaptation
		Theoretical Approaches
	Method
		Research Design
		Measures
	Results
	Discussion
		Conclusions
		Limitations and Implications
	References
15: Evolutionary Forces and Human Migration: How Sapiens Conquered the World
	Introduction
	Earliest Human Migration
	Biological Reasons to Explain Human Migration
		Fatty Acids in Nutrition
		Evolution of Dopamine Receptor
		Traverse Arch in Foot
		Role of Oxytocin
		Mutation Affecting Pain Threshold
	Factors Affecting Migration in Modern Times
	Examples of Human Migration in the Modern Times
	Conclusion
	References
16: Adjustment of the Coastal Communities in Response to Climate Variability and Sea Level Rise in the Sundarban, West Bengal, India
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
	Result and Discussion
		Climate Variability in the Northern Bay of Bengal Coasts (Indian, Sundarban Coasts)
	Deltaic Subsidence and Relative Sea Level Rise
	Coastal Erosion Rates
	The Coastal Communities of the Sundarban Tract
	Response of the Coastal Communities to the Climate Variability
	Indication of Sea Level Rise in the Sundarban Coasts with Reference to the Abandoned Settlements
	Conclusions
	References
17: Analyzing the Vehicle-Induced Air Pollution and Its Impact in Azadpur Mandi, Delhi
	Introduction
	Study Area
	Data Set and Methodology
	Results and Discussion
	Growth of Registered Vehicles
	Ownership of the Vehicles
	Relationship Between Vehicular Pollution and Registered Vehicles
	People’s Perception
	Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
	Conclusion
	References
18: Human Mobility Response to Natural Disasters and Environmental Change
	Introduction
	Disaster-Induced Migration
	Disaster-Induced Migrations in Sri Lanka
	Disaster-Induced Displacement Issues and Human Adaptation
	Resettlement Policies, Plans, and Recommendations
	Conclusion
	References
19: Temperature and Rainfall Extremes over Southern India (1969–2014): Frequency Distribution and Trends
	Introduction
	Data and Methodology
		Study Area
		Data Used
		Quality Checks
		Computation of Indices
		Trend Analysis
	Results and Discussion
		Trends in Temperature Extremes
			Spatial Variability
				Cold Extremes
				Warm Extremes
			Trends in Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR)
			Regional Tendency
		Trends in Rainfall Extremes
			Spatial Variability
			Regional Tendency
		Elevation and Climate Dependency
	Conclusion
	References
Index