Civil Engineering Formulas

Civil Engineering Formulas......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 13
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK......Page 17
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE......Page 19
BEAM FORMULAS......Page 33
CONTINUOUS BEAMS......Page 34
ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS......Page 71
BEAMS OF UNIFORM STRENGTH......Page 81
SAFE LOADS FOR BEAMS OF VARIOUS TYPES......Page 82
ROLLING AND MOVING LOADS......Page 97
CURVED BEAMS......Page 100
ELASTIC LATERAL BUCKLING OF BEAMS......Page 106
COMBINED AXIAL AND BENDING LOADS......Page 110
UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING......Page 111
ECCENTRIC LOADING......Page 112
NATURAL CIRCULAR FREQUENCIES AND NATURAL PERIODS OF VIBRATION OF PRISMATIC BEAMS......Page 114
COLUMN FORMULAS......Page 117
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 118
ECCENTRIC LOADS ON COLUMNS......Page 120
COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN......Page 129
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN APPROACH......Page 131
COMPOSITE COLUMNS......Page 133
ELASTIC FLEXURAL BUCKLING OF COLUMNS......Page 136
ALLOWABLE DESIGN LOADS FOR ALUMINUM COLUMNS......Page 139
ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN CONCRETE COLUMNS......Page 142
PILES AND PILING FORMULAS......Page 149
ALLOWABLE LOADS ON PILES......Page 150
LATERALLY LOADED VERTICAL PILES......Page 151
TOE CAPACITY LOAD......Page 152
GROUPS OF PILES......Page 154
FOUNDATION-STABILITY ANALYSIS......Page 157
AXIAL-LOAD CAPACITY OF SINGLE PILES......Page 161
SHAFT SETTLEMENT......Page 162
SHAFT RESISTANCE IN COHESIONLESS SOILS......Page 163
CONCRETE FORMULAS......Page 165
WATER/CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS RATIO......Page 166
JOB MIX CONCRETE VOLUME......Page 167
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF CONCRETE......Page 168
CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS......Page 169
DESIGN METHODS FOR BEAMS, COLUMNS, AND OTHER MEMBERS......Page 171
PROPERTIES IN THE HARDENED STATE......Page 185
TENSION DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS......Page 187
CRACK CONTROL OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS......Page 188
REQUIRED STRENGTH......Page 189
DEFLECTION COMPUTATIONS AND CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE BEAMS......Page 190
ULTIMATE-STRENGTH DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENT ONLY......Page 191
WORKING-STRESS DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENT ONLY......Page 196
ULTIMATE-STRENGTH DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH COMPRESSION BARS......Page 200
WORKING-STRESS DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH COMPRESSION BARS......Page 201
ULTIMATE-STRENGTH DESIGN OF I AND T BEAMS......Page 204
WORKING-STRESS DESIGN OF I AND T BEAMS......Page 205
ULTIMATE-STRENGTH DESIGN FOR TORSION......Page 207
WORKING-STRESS DESIGN FOR TORSION......Page 209
FLAT-SLAB CONSTRUCTION......Page 210
FLAT-PLATE CONSTRUCTION......Page 213
SHEAR IN SLABS......Page 215
COLUMN MOMENTS......Page 217
SPIRALS......Page 218
BRACED AND UNBRACED FRAMES......Page 219
LOAD-BEARING WALLS......Page 220
SHEAR WALLS......Page 221
CONCRETE GRAVITY RETAINING WALLS......Page 223
CANTILEVER RETAINING WALLS......Page 226
WALL FOOTINGS......Page 229
TIMBER ENGINEERING FORMULAS......Page 231
SIZE OF LUMBER......Page 232
BEAMS......Page 234
COLUMNS......Page 236
COMPRESSION AT ANGLE TO GRAIN......Page 238
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY......Page 239
COMPRESSION ON OBLIQUE PLANE......Page 241
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS FOR DESIGN VALUES......Page 242
FASTENERS FOR WOOD......Page 251
ADJUSTMENT OF DESIGN VALUES FOR CONNECTIONS WITH FASTENERS......Page 254
ROOF SLOPE TO PREVENT PONDING......Page 256
BENDING AND AXIAL TENSION......Page 257
BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION......Page 258
SURVEYING FORMULAS......Page 261
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT......Page 262
THEORY OF ERRORS......Page 263
MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCE WITH TAPES......Page 265
STADIA SURVEYING......Page 271
PHOTOGRAMMETRY......Page 273
SOIL AND EARTHWORK FORMULAS......Page 275
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS......Page 276
INDEX PARAMETERS FOR SOILS......Page 277
RELATIONSHIP OF WEIGHTS AND VOLUMES IN SOILS......Page 279
INTERNAL FRICTION AND COHESION......Page 281
VERTICAL PRESSURES IN SOILS......Page 282
LATERAL PRESSURES IN SOILS, FORCES ON RETAINING WALLS......Page 283
LATERAL PRESSURE OF COHESIONLESS SOILS......Page 284
LATERAL PRESSURE OF COHESIVE SOILS......Page 285
LATERAL PRESSURE FROM SURCHARGE......Page 286
STABILITY OF SLOPES......Page 287
BEARING CAPACITY OF SOILS......Page 288
SETTLEMENT UNDER FOUNDATIONS......Page 289
SOIL COMPACTION TESTS......Page 290
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT......Page 293
FORMULAS FOR EARTHMOVING......Page 294
SCRAPER PRODUCTION......Page 296
VIBRATION CONTROL IN BLASTING......Page 298
BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS......Page 301
LOAD-AND-RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FOR SHEAR IN BUILDINGS......Page 302
ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN FOR BUILDING COLUMNS......Page 303
ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN FOR BUILDING BEAMS......Page 305
LOAD-AND-RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FOR BUILDING BEAMS......Page 308
ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN FOR SHEAR IN BUILDINGS......Page 313
STRESSES IN THIN SHELLS......Page 315
BEARING PLATES......Page 316
COLUMN BASE PLATES......Page 318
BEARING ON MILLED SURFACES......Page 319
PLATE GIRDERS IN BUILDINGS......Page 320
LOAD DISTRIBUTION TO BENTS AND SHEAR WALLS......Page 322
COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION OR TENSION AND BENDING......Page 324
WEBS UNDER CONCENTRATED LOADS......Page 326
DESIGN OF STIFFENERS UNDER LOADS......Page 329
FASTENERS IN BUILDINGS......Page 330
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION......Page 331
NUMBER OF CONNECTORS REQUIRED FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION......Page 334
PONDING CONSIDERATIONS IN BUILDINGS......Page 336
BRIDGE AND SUSPENSION-CABLE FORMULAS......Page 339
SHEAR STRENGTH DESIGN FOR BRIDGES......Page 340
ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN FOR BRIDGE COLUMNS......Page 341
LOAD-AND-RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FOR BRIDGE COLUMNS......Page 342
ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN DESIGN FOR BRIDGE COLUMNS......Page 343
STIFFENERS ON BRIDGE GIRDERS......Page 345
HYBRID BRIDGE GIRDERS......Page 347
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION IN HIGHWAY BRIDGES......Page 348
LOAD-FACTOR DESIGN FOR BRIDGE BEAMS......Page 349
BEARING ON MILLED SURFACES......Page 351
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION IN HIGHWAY BRIDGES......Page 352
NUMBER OF CONNECTORS IN BRIDGES......Page 356
ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN FOR SHEAR IN BRIDGES......Page 358
SUSPENSION CABLES......Page 360
GENERAL RELATIONS FOR SUSPENSION CABLES......Page 364
CABLE SYSTEMS......Page 372
HIGHWAY AND ROAD FORMULAS......Page 374
CIRCULAR CURVES......Page 375
PARABOLIC CURVES......Page 378
HIGHWAY CURVES AND DRIVER SAFETY......Page 380
HIGHWAY ALIGNMENTS......Page 381
STRUCTURAL NUMBERS FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS......Page 384
TRANSITION (SPIRAL) CURVES......Page 389
DESIGNING HIGHWAY CULVERTS......Page 390
AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE (AISI) DESIGN PROCEDURE......Page 393
HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS......Page 400
CAPILLARY ACTION......Page 401
VISCOSITY......Page 405
PRESSURE ON SUBMERGED CURVED SURFACES......Page 406
FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID FLOW......Page 407
SIMILITUDE FOR PHYSICAL MODELS......Page 411
FLUID FLOW IN PIPES......Page 414
PRESSURE (HEAD) CHANGES CAUSED BY PIPE SIZE CHANGE......Page 422
FLOW THROUGH ORIFICES......Page 425
FLUID JETS......Page 428
ORIFICE DISCHARGE INTO DIVERGING CONICAL TUBES......Page 429
PIPE STRESSES PERPENDICULAR TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS......Page 431
FORCES DUE TO PIPE BENDS......Page 433
CULVERTS......Page 436
OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW......Page 439
MANNING’S EQUATION FOR OPEN CHANNELS......Page 443
HYDRAULIC JUMP......Page 444
NONUNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS......Page 448
WEIRS......Page 455
FLOW OVER WEIRS......Page 457
PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT-DELIVERY RATE......Page 459
EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION......Page 461
COMPUTING RAINFALL INTENSITY......Page 462
WATER FLOW FOR FIREFIGHTING......Page 465
FLOW FROM WELLS......Page 466
VENTURI METER FLOW COMPUTATION......Page 467
HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION......Page 468
End of Book......Page 470