Civil Case Management in the Twenty-First Century: Court Structures Still Matter (Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 85)

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Contents
Introduction
	References
Comparative Studies
Comparing the Civil Court Structures of Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau from a Case Management Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Horizontal Arrangement: Specialized Courts
	3 Vertical Arrangement
	4 Case Importance/Complexity Arrangement
	5 To What Extent is the Current Court System of Case Management Shaped by the Procedural Principles and Rules of Other Legal Systems (‘Jurisdictions of Origin’)
	6 (Wholesale) Adoption of Foreign Procedural Law, or Not?
	7 Definition of ‘Case Management’
	8 Reforms
	9 Small Claims Procedure
	10 Final Appeals
	11 Shortening First Instance Proceedings
	12 The Use of ADR
	13 Financing of Courts
	14 Policy-Making and Case Management Structure
	15 Routine Case-Processing v ‘Hard Cases’
	16 Concluding Remarks
	References
Case Management from a Comparative Perspective: Horizontal and Vertical Court Arrangements
	1 Introduction
	2 Efficiency, Effectiveness, Courts and Rights Protection
	3 Court and Case Management
	4 Procedural Arrangements
	5 Artificial Intelligence
	6 Conclusions
	References
Jurisdictional Contributions
The Unified System of Adjudication and Administration of Chinese Courts
	1 Introduction
	2 The Historical Formation of the Unified System
	3 The Unified System
		3.1 No Clear Distinction of Staff Between Different Departments
		3.2 Organizational Structure
		3.3 Centralized Management of Court Staff
		3.4 Critical Reflections on the Unified System
	4 The Future of the Unified System
	References
Taiwan’s Court Structure from a Case Management Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Court System and Types of Civil Procedure in Taiwan
		2.1 Court System
		2.2 Procedure
		2.3 Case Distribution (案件分流)
		2.4 Alternative Dispute Resolution
	3 The Meaning and Role of Case Management
	4 Case-Flow Management
	5 Judicial Reform and the Future of Case Management
	6 Conclusion
	References
Civil Court Structure in Hong Kong
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Management and Reforms in the Litigation System
	3 Horizontal Arrangement
	4 Current Vertical Arrangements and Their Effectiveness from a Case Management Perspective
	5 Court Funding, Court Composition and Case Management
	6 Academic Views and ADR
	7 Conclusion
	References
The Formal Adequacy Principle from the Perspective of Judicial Case Management: Macau
	1 Introduction
	2 Development of Judicial Case Management: The Formal Adequacy Principle
	3 Legal Regime of the Formal Adequacy Principle
		3.1 General Provision
		3.2 General Requirements
	4 Effectiveness of Judicial Case Management by Implementation of the Formal Adequacy Principle
		4.1 Adequacy by Way of Derogation from the Rule
		4.2 Aggregation of Parties and Claims
		4.3 Judicial Management
		4.4 Consequences of the Infringement of Procedures Ordered by the Court
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Litigation Superpower’s Case Management Cure for Adversarial Ills
	1 Introduction
	2 The General Structure of American Court Systems
		2.1 State v Federal Court
		2.2 American Exceptionalism in Procedure
		2.3 The Broad Authority of American First Instance—‘Trial’—Courts
		2.4 Complex v Simple Cases
	3 The Emergence of Widespread Case Management in US Courts
	4 American Resistance to Case Management
		4.1 Academic Resistance
		4.2 Resistance to the Multidistrict Litigation Process
	5 Link to Settlement Promotion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Framing the Structure of the Court System from a Case Management Perspective: New Trends in Brazilian Law
	1 Introduction: What Is Case Management?
	2 Who Manages?
	3 What to Manage? Aggregation of Cases, Conflict Management, and Court Management
	4 How to Manage? Objectives and Benefits of Case Management
	5 New Perspectives on Case Management
	6 New Developments in Case Management: Nature of the Parties, Litigation Agreements and Lack of Case Management
	7 The New Structure of Court Management: A Global Trend in New Public Judicial Management, Outsourcing Justice and Privatization
	8 Specialization of Courts
	9 Proposals for the Development of Case Management: Case Assignment Management, Functionality, and Management of the Rules Governing the Allocation of Competences
	10 Court Management, Specialization Focused on Judges, and Specialized Itinerant Judges
	11 Concluding Remarks
	References
Structure of the Court System and Case Management: Lessons from England & Wales
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Management’s Purpose
	3 The Nature of Case and Costs Management
	4 Procedural Case Tracks—Structural Proportionality
	5 Case Management
	6 Developments in Case Management
	7 Conclusion
	References
Framing the Structure of Court Systems from a Case Management Perspective: Lessons from Hungary
	1 Vertical Arrangements
	2 Horizontal Arrangements
	3 Complexity Arrangements
	4 Legal Historical Perspectives
	5 Definition of ‘Case Management’ in Hungarian Academic Literature
	6 Specific Procedural Design
	7 Reforms
	8 Final Appeals
	9 First Instance
	10 Mediation
	11 Financing the Courts
	12 Policy Making and Court Structure
	13 Mass Case Processing
	References
In Search of Efficiency: Court Structure and Case Management in Croatia
	1 Introduction
	2 Civil and Commercial Cases
	3 Court Structure
	4 Case Management
	5 Conclusion
	References
Special Themes
A Brief Note on the Application of Information and Communication Technology in Civil Judicial Case Management
	1 Introduction
	2 e-Courts and Case Management
	3 External e-Courts
	4 Internal e-Courts
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Prospective Court-Connected Mandatory Mediation Regime in Macau: A Brief Note
	1 Introduction
	2 Macau’s Legal Culture and Mediation
	3 Blueprint for Prospective Court-Connected Mandatory Mediation
	4 Conclusion
	References