Cisco CCNA Simplified: Your Complete Guide to Passing the Cisco CCNA Implementing and Administering Cisco Solutions Exam

FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
BIOGRAPHIES
	About the Technical Reviewer
INTRODUCTION
	The Problem with CCNA Study Guides
	Cisco CCNA Simplified versus Cisco CCNA in 60 Days
	Free Bonus Material
	Cisco CCNA Simplified Video Course
	Reviews
	Also from Reality Press Ltd.
	How to Read Cisco CCNA Simplified
	The Cisco CCNA Exam Format
		How to Do the Labs
		Rack Topologies
		Other Resources
Part 1 — ICND1
Chapter 1 — Network Fundamentals
	Overview of Networking Equipment
		Hub
		Switch
		Router
	The Open Systems Interconnection Model
		Encapsulation
		Application Layer
		Presentation Layer
		Session Layer
		Transport Layer
		Network Layer
		Data Link Layer
		Physical Layer
		Summary—The OSI Model
	The TCP/IP Model
		TCP/IP Application Layer
		TCP/IP Transport/Host-to-Host Layer
		TCP/IP Internet/Network Layer
		TCP/IP Network Access Layer
	TCP/IP Services
		File Transfer Protocol
		Trivial File Transfer Protocol
		Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
		HyperText Transfer Protocol
		Telnet
		Secure Shell
		Internet Control Message Protocol
		Traceroute
		Address Resolution Protocol
		Mini-lab – Checking the ARP Cache
		Proxy ARP
		Mini-lab – Discovering Proxy ARP
		Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
		Gratuitous ARP
		Simple Network Management Protocol
		Domain Name System
		Mini-lab – Pinging Hostnames
		Cisco Discovery Protocol
		Mini-lab – Checking for CDP Neighbors
		Mini-lab – Discovering Devices with LLDP
	Network Topologies
		Point-to-Point
		Point-to-Multipoint
		Ring
		Star
		Bus
		WAN-specific
	Ethernet Concepts
		CSMA/CD
		Duplex Settings
		Mini-lab – Configuring Ethernet Speed and Duplex Settings
		Ethernet Frames
		LAN Traffic
	IEEE Standards
	Cisco Hierarchical Networking Model
		Cisco Modular Design
		Collapsing the Layers
		Cisco Network Layers
	Cabling the Network
		LAN Cabling
		IEEE and Cabling Standards
		WAN Cabling
	Router Interfaces and Connectors
		RJ-45 Connectors
		Aux Connectors
		Console Connectors
		WAN Connectors
		Router Interfaces and Slots
	Connecting to a Router
		USB Console Connection
	Router Modes
		User Mode
		Privileged Mode
		Global Configuration Mode
		Interface Configuration Mode
		Line Configuration Mode
		Router Configuration Mode
		Reloading the Router
		Abbreviating the Commands
	Configuring a Router
		Loopback Interfaces
		Editing Commands
		Mini-lab – Putting an IP Address on an Interface
		Show Commands
		Debug Commands
		Pipes
	The Configuration Register
		Mini-lab – Changing the Configuration Register
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 1 Labs
		Lab 1: Basic Lab – Router Modes and Commands
		Lab 2: ARP, CDP, Ping, and Telnet Lab
		Lab 3: Traceroute from Router A to Router B
		Further Reading
Chapter 2 — LAN Switching Fundamentals
	Wireless LANs and Access Points
		Wireless Overview
		Wireless Standards
		Wireless in Action
		WLAN Topologies
		Cisco Unified Wireless Solution
		Standalone versus Lightweight Access Points
		Wireless LAN Design Considerations
		Roaming
	Layer 2 Switching Functions
		Learning MAC Addresses
		Mini-lab – Checking the MAC Address Table
		Filtering and Forwarding Frames
		Preventing Loops in the Network
	Switching Methods
		Cut-through
		Store-and-Forward
		Fragment-free (Modified Cut-through/Runt-free)
	Virtual Local Area Networks
		VLAN Membership
		VLAN Numbers
		VLAN Links
	Dynamic Trunking Protocol
		Mini-lab – Configuring VLANs and Trunk Links
	InterVLAN Routing
		Mini-lab – InterVLAN Routing Using Physical Router Interfaces
		Mini-lab – InterVLAN Routing Using Router Subinterfaces
		Mini-lab – InterVLAN Routing Using Switched Virtual Interfaces
	VLAN Trunking Protocol
		VTP Modes
		Mini-lab – Configuring VTP
		VTP Pruning
	Configuring a Cisco Switch
		Mini-lab – IP Default Gateway on a Switch
		Mini-lab – Access Ports—Data and Voice
	Switch Port Security
		Enabling Port Security
		Fine-tuning Port Security Configuration
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 2 Labs
		Lab 1: VLANs on an IOS Switch
		Lab 2: Trunking across IOS Switches
		Lab 3: InterVLAN Routing
		Lab 4: Switch Port Security
Chapter 3 — IP Addressing
	How Binary Works
	How Hexadecimal Works
		Have a Try
	IP Version 4 Addressing
		Powers of Two
		IP Addressing
		Private IPv4 Addresses
		Classless Inter-Domain Routing
	Subnetting
		Address Depletion
		How to Subnet
		How to Write Subnet Masks
		How Many Subnets and How Many Hosts?
		Shortcut Method
		Working out How Many Hosts and How Many Subnets
		Secondary IP Address
	Route Summarization
		Working Out Summary Routes
		Route Summarization Prerequisites
		Breaking the Subnet Boundary
		VLSM
		VLSM Practice for the CCNA Exam
		Chopping Down
		Summary
		Mini-lab – Troubleshooting IP Addressing
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 3 Labs
		Lab 1: IP Addressing
Chapter 4 — IPv6 Addressing
	IPv6 Addressing
		Anatomy of an IP Packet
		IPv6 Address Representation
		The Different IPv6 Address Types
	Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6
		Tunneling
		Manually Configured Dual Stack
		Automatic 6to4
		ISATAP Tunnels
		NAT-PT
	IPv6 Functionality Protocols
		DHCP for IPv6
		ICMPv6
		Neighbor Discovery Protocol
		Router Discovery
		Duplicate Address Detection
		Neighbor Address Resolution
		Mini-lab – Neighbor Discovery Protocol in Action
		Mini-lab – Configuring IPv6
	Subnetting IPv6
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 4 Labs
		Lab 1: Simple IPv6
Chapter 5 — IP Routing Technologies
	What Is Routing?
		Prefix Matching
		Building the IP Routing Table
	Static Routing
		Mini-lab – Configuring a Static Route
		Mini-lab – Configuring an IPv6 Static Route
	Gateway of Last Resort
		IP Default-Gateway
		IP Route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
		IP Default-Network
	Administrative Distances
	Classful and Classless Routing
		Mini-lab – Classful and Classless Routing Protocols
	Dynamic Routing
		Metrics
	Distance Vector Protocols
		Distance Vector Problems
		Solving Distance Vector Problems
	Link State Protocols
	Planes of Operation
	Routing Features
		Autonomous Systems
		Passive Interface
		IP Unnumbered
	Routing Information Protocol
		RIP Operation and Timers
		RIPv2
		RIPv2 Auto Summarization
		Mini-lab – Configuring RIPv2
		Maximum Paths
		Passive Interfaces
		Default Routes for RIPv2
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 5 Labs
		Lab1: Configure and Troubleshoot RIPv2
		Lab 2: Static Routes
Chapter 6 — Infrastructure Services
	DHCP Functionality
		Mini-lab – DHCP Configuration on Cisco IOS Routers
		IP Helper Address
		IP Forward Protocol
	Domain Name System
		Troubleshooting DNS
	Access Control Lists
		Access Control List Numbers
		Standard IP Access Control Lists
		Wildcard Masks
		Access Control List Logging
		Extended IP Access Control Lists
		Port Numbers
		Access Control Lists and Routing Protocols
		Access Control List Rules
		Configuring Access Control Lists
		Access Control List Sequence Numbers
		An Alternative to Access Control Lists
	Network Address Translation
		Static NAT
		Dynamic NAT and Port Address Translation
		Configuring and Verifying NAT
		Troubleshooting NAT
	Network Time Protocol
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 6 Labs
		Lab 1: Configuring a Router as a DHCP Server
		Lab 2: Access Control Lists (Standard)
		Lab 3: Access Lists (Extended)
		Lab 4: Access Control Lists (Named)
		Lab 5: Static NAT
		Lab 6: NAT Pool
		Lab 7: NAT Overload
Chapter 7 — Infrastructure Maintenance
	Syslog
		Mini-lab – Cisco IOS Syslog Configuration
	Router Architecture
		Router Memory
		Router Boot-up Sequence
	Managing the IOS
		Booting Options
	Cisco IOS Licensing
	Upgrading the IOS
		Mini-lab – Upgrading the IOS
	Password Recovery
	Network Security Devices
	Network Device Passwords
		Enable Password
		Enable Secret
		Service Password Encryption
		Auxiliary Password
		Mini-lab – Adding a Telnet Password
		Console Password
		Configuring Local Usernames and User-Specific Passwords
	Securing Network Devices
		Privilege Levels
		Login
		Logging Router Access
		Prevent Telnet Access
		Enable SSH
		Mini-lab – Enabling SSH Access
		Disable HTTP
		Disable CDP
		Add a Banner Message
		Shut Down Unused Ports
		Network Device Clock and NTP
		Update the IOS
		Disable Unused Services
		Using ACLs to Limit Telnet and SSH Access
		Restrict VLAN Information
		Change the Native VLAN
		Change the Management VLAN
		Simple Network Management Protocol
		Securing VTP
	Firewalls
		Firewalls in Action
		Stateful Inspection and Packet Filtering
		Zone-based Policy Firewalls
	External Authentication Methods
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 7 Labs
		Lab 1: Basic Router Security
		Lab 2: Switch Security
		Lab 3: Syslog
		Lab 4: Copy Startup Config Using TFTP
Chapter 8 — Network Troubleshooting
	Your Troubleshooting Plan
	Network Debugging
	Layer 1 Troubleshooting
	Troubleshooting VLAN Issues
	Troubleshooting Trunks
	Troubleshooting VTP
		Mini-Lab – Troubleshooting VTP, VLANS, and Trunking
	IP Addressing Troubleshooting
	Troubleshooting Access Control Lists
	Common RIP Troubleshooting Issues
	End of Chapter Questions
PART 2 — ICND2
Chapter 9 — LAN Switching Technologies
	Extended VLANs
		Mini-lab – Configuring Extended VLANs
	Spanning Tree Protocol
		Port States in STP
		STP Convergence
		Mini-lab – STP Operations
		STP Timers
	Cisco’s Enhancements to STP
		Mini-lab – Configuring UplinkFast
		STP Security
		Mini-lab – Configuring BPDU Guard
	Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
		RSTP Link Types
		RSTP Port Roles
		RSTP Port States
		Per-VLAN STP and per-VLAN Rapid STP
		Mini-lab – Configuring PVRST+
		Load Balancing Using RSTP/STP
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 9 Labs
		Lab 1: Spanning Tree Protocol
Chapter 10 — EtherChannels and Layer 2 Security
	EtherChannels
		Link Aggregation Control Protocol
		Port Aggregation Protocol
	Configuring EtherChannels on Cisco IOS
		Mini-lab – PAgP Configuration
		Mini-lab – LACP Configuration
		Layer 3 EtherChannel Configuration
		Port Channel Mode On
	Layer 2 Threat Mitigation Techniques
		802.1X Basics
		DHCP Snooping
	Switch Stacking and Chassis Aggregation
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 10 Labs
		Lab 1: LACP EtherChannels
Chapter 11 — OSPF
	Overview of OSPF
		OSPF Terminology
		OSPF Router ID
		OSPF Timers
		OSPF Routes
		OSPF Load Balancing
		OSPF Network Types and Neighbors
		Mini-lab – Configuring Single Area OSPF
		Mini-lab – Configuring OSPF Interfaces
		Mini-lab – OSPF Passive Interfaces
	OSPFv3
		Mini-lab – Configuring Single Area OSPFv3
		Link State Problems
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 11 Labs
		Lab 1: Single-area OSPF
Chapter 12 — Advanced OSPF Features
	Advanced OSPF Concepts
		Designated Router and Backup Designated Router
		Establishing Adjacencies
		OSPF Priority
		OSPF Router Types
		OSPF Link State Advertisements
		OSPF Areas
		Mini-lab – Configuring Multi-area OSPF
		Mini-lab – Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3 Multi-area in Cisco IOS Software
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 12 Labs
		Lab 1: Multi-area OSPF
		Lab 2: Multi-area OSPFv3
Chapter 13 — Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
	EIGRP
		EIGRP Terminology
		EIGRP Composite Metric Calculation
		EIGRP Neighbors
		Reliable Transport Protocol
		Understanding DUAL and Feasibility Condition
		Mini-lab – Configuring EIGRP
		EIGRP Router ID
		Mini-lab – EIGRP Passive Interfaces
		EIGRP Load Balancing
	EIGRP for IPv6
		Mini-lab – Configuring EIGRP for IPv6
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 13 Labs
		Lab 1: EIGRP
Chapter 14 — WAN Technologies
	WAN Technologies
		Common WAN Networking Terms
		WAN Connection Types
		Point-to-Point Protocols
	High-Level Data Link Control
	Point-to-Point Protocol
		PPP Authentication
		LCP Configuration Options
		Mini-lab – Configuring PPP
	PPPoE
		Mini-lab – PPPoE Configuration
	Metro Ethernet
	MPLS
	VSAT
	Cellular Networks
	T1/E1
	ISDN
	DSL
		ADSL
		HDSL
		IDSL
		RADSL
		VDSL
	Cable
	VPN
	Multilink PPP
		Configuring MLPPP
		Mini-lab – Configuring MLPPP
	Generic Routing Encapsulation
		Mini-lab – Configuring GRE
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 14 Labs
		Lab 1: WAN Lab – Point-to-Point Protocol
Chapter 15 — Border Gateway Protocol
	Border Gateway Protocol
		BGP Technical Details
		BGP Update Example
		BGP Messages
		Single- and Dual-Homing
		Configuring BGP
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 15 Labs
		Lab 1: Configure and Verify eBGP
Chapter 16 — Infrastructure Services
	First Hop Redundancy
	HSRP
		HSRP Interface Tracking
		Configuring HSRP Interface Tracking
		Mini-lab – HSRP Configuration
	Cloud Computing
		Impact of Cloud Resources on Enterprise Networks
		Virtual Network Functions and Services
		Virtualization
	Introduction to QoS
		QoS Classification
		QoS Marking
		QoS Differentiated Services Architecture
		QoS Trust Boundary
		QoS Solutions
		QoS Policing and Shaping
	IPv6 Standard and Extended ACLs
		Configuring IPv6 ACLs
		Mini-lab – Configure an IPv6 Access List
	End of Chapter Questions
	Chapter 16 Labs
		Lab 1: HSRP
Chapter 17 — Infrastructure Maintenance
	Simple Network Management Software
		Configuring SNMP
	ICMP Echo-based IP SLA
	SPAN
	Network Programmability and Software-defined Networking
		Open SDN
		Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI)
		Cisco APIC Enterprise Module (APIC-EM)
	AAA
		AAA Servers
		Configuring AAA on Cisco Devices
Chapter 18 — Advanced Network Troubleshooting
	Troubleshooting STP
		Incorrect Root Bridge
		Incorrect Root Port
		Incorrect Designated Port
	Troubleshooting InterVLAN Routing Problems
	Troubleshooting Routing Issues
	Troubleshooting OSPF
		Mini-Lab – Troubleshooting OSPF
	Troubleshooting EIGRP
	Troubleshooting WAN Connectivity
	Troubleshooting EtherChannels
	Troubleshooting PPPoE
	Troubleshooting GRE Tunnels
	End of Chapter Questions
Chapter 19 — Advanced Labs