Circularity Assessment: Macro to Nano: Accountability Towards Sustainability

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Prologue
Contents
Contributors
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I How to Measure Circularity?—Setting  the Foundation
1 Circularity Assessment: Developing a Comprehensive Yardstick
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Current Landscape
	1.2 Circularity Assessment
		1.2.1 Quantifying Circularity Using Indicators
		1.2.2 Systemic Levels for Circularity Assessment
		1.2.3 Phases of Circularity Assessment
		1.2.4 The Need for a Comprehensive Assessment Framework
	1.3 Developing a New Standard for Circularity Assessment: ISO 59020
		1.3.1 Principles for ISO 59020
		1.3.2 The ISO 59020 Model
		1.3.3 Limitations of Circularity Assessment
	1.4 Relevance of This Work
	References
2 Insights from ESG Evaluation  for Circularity Assessment
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Non-financial Reporting Standards
		2.2.1 International ESG Reporting Guidelines
		2.2.2 The ATHEX ESG Reporting Guide
	2.3 Non-financial Reporting Regulations in Different Regions of the World
		2.3.1 The UN Global Compact
		2.3.2 The EU and EEA
		2.3.3 The United States
		2.3.4 Canada
		2.3.5 Japan
		2.3.6 China
	2.4 The Importance of ESG Reporting for Sustainable Finance and Bonds Markets
	2.5 Lessons Learnt from ESG Metrics and Reporting
		2.5.1 A Call for Clear Circularity Assessment Within ESG Reporting
Part II Measuring Circularity
3 Circularity at Macro Level: The Urban and National Perspectives
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Transition to Circular Cities
	3.3 Indicators for Measuring Urban Circularity
	3.4 Case Study I: Circular Rotterdam
	3.5 Case Study II: Circular Paris
	3.6 Indicators for CE Developed by the EU
	3.7 Concluding Opinion
	References
4 Circularity at Meso Level: A Sector Perspective
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Understanding Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP)
		4.2.1 The Need for Evaluating the Performances of EIPs
	4.3 Evaluating Eco-Industrial Parks: The Assessment Framework by UNIDO
		4.3.1 Industrial Zone NÖ-Süd Eco-Industrial Park, Austria
		4.3.2 Ulsan Mipo and Onsan Eco-Industrial Park, South Korea
	4.4 Case Study I: The National EIPs Evaluation Standard System of China
	4.5 Case Study II: Kalundborg Symbiosis in Denmark
	4.6 Concluding Opinion
	References
5 Circularity at Micro Level: A Business Perspective
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The Need for Circularity Assessment at Micro-level
	5.3 Circularity Assessment Approach at Micro-level
	5.4 Indicators for Micro-level Circularity
		5.4.1 Operations Management
		5.4.2 Waste Management
		5.4.3 Supply-Chain Management
	5.5 Case Study: Apple Inc.
	5.6 Concluding Opinion: Key Strategies and Examples  for Practitioners of Business Circularity
	References
6 Circularity at Nano Level: A Product/Service Perspective
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 The Need for Circularity Assessment at Nano-Level
	6.2 Circularity Assessment Approach at Nano-Level
		6.2.1 Measuring Circularity of a Product and Circularity Indicators
	6.3 Broadly Applied Methods and Case Studies
		6.3.1 Case Study I: Levi Strauss & Co. 501 Jeans Wear
		6.3.2 Case Study II Single-Use Surgical Face Mask
	6.4 Concluding Opinion: Material Efficiency for Product Circularity
	References
Part III Towards a Circular Future—Consumers  for Granular Circularity
7 Consumer-Centric Circularity: Conscious Changes in Lifestyle Towards a New Normal
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Impact of Consumers on Circularity: A Ripple Effect
		7.2.1 Case Study I: Repair Cafés and iFixit
	7.3 Embracing Circularity: The Role of Governments
		7.3.1 Case Study II: Circular Rotterdam—Consumer Initiatives
	7.4 Circular Lifestyle: Challenges and Benefits
	7.5 Closing the Circularity Gap: Vision and Road Ahead
	References
Index