Circular Economy in Sustainable Supply Chains: A Global Perspective on Challenges, Concepts and Cases

Contents
About the Editors
Circular Economy in Sustainable Supply Chains: Presenting a Global Perspective on Challenges, Concepts and Cases
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Journey of Convergence Among Circular Economy and Supply Chain Management
		1.2 Rationale for Circular Practices in the Supply Chain
			1.2.1 The Environmental Case for Circular Supply Chains
			1.2.2 The Economic Case for Circular Supply Chains
			1.2.3 The Social Case for Circular Supply Chains
	2 Rationale for the Structure of the Book
		2.1 The R-Principles of Circular Economy (Part I of the Book)
		2.2 Theoretical Perspectives of Circular Economy in Global Supply Chains (Part II of the Book)
		2.3 Practical Implementations of Circular Economy in Global Supply Chains (Part III of the Book)
	References
Part I: The R-Principles of Circular Economy
	The Principle of Respect in Circular Economy: Recognising Worth and Boundaries
		1 Introduction
		2 The Principle of Respect and Its Typology
			2.1 Evaluative Respect
			2.2 Directive Respect
			2.3 Institutional Respect
			2.4 Obstacle Respect
		3 Respect for the Rights of Future Generations in Alignment with Planetary and Social Boundaries
			3.1 Respect for Future Generations’ Rights
			3.2 Respect for Planetary and Social Boundaries
		4 Implementing the Principle of Respect Within Planetary Boundaries in Global Supply Chains
		5 Integrating Respect for Planetary Boundaries Through Life Cycle Assessment at Unilever
		6 Conclusion
		References
	The Principle of Responsibility in Circular Economy: Between Freedom and Duty
		1 Introduction
		2 The Principle of Responsibility
		3 Towards a Circular Business Responsibility
		4 Implementing the Principle of Responsibility in Global Supply Chains Through Extended Producer Responsibility
		5 Voluntary Assumption of Extended Producer Responsibility at Apple
		6 Conclusion
		References
	The Principle of Regeneration in Circular Economy: Revitalising for Resilience
		1 Introduction
		2 The Principle of Regeneration in the Circular Economy
		3 Implementing the Principle of Regeneration in Business Practices
		4 Methodological Framework
		5 The Regeneration Principle at GreenWave
		6 Conclusion
		References
	The Principle of Rethink in Circular Economy: Redefining Business Solutions
		1 Introduction
		2 Rethinking Products/Services, Business Models and Ecosystems for Sustainability and Circular Economy
		3 Card-Based Tools as a Method to Explore the Circularity Potential
		4 Rethinking Consumption Patterns: Organisational Strategies Supporting Sufficiency
		References
	The Principle of Redesign in Circular Economy: At the Heart of Circular Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Defining Circular Design: Process and Strategies
		3 The Power of Redesign: FREITAG’s Circular Truck Tarps
		References
	The Principle of Reduce in Circular Economy: Simply Using Less?
		1 Introduction
		2 Rethinking Buyer–Supplier Relationships to Bring Down the Carbon Footprint
		3 Ørsted: Bringing Suppliers Along the Climate Journey
		References
	The Principle of Reuse in Circular Economy: Trash Is Treasure
		1 Introduction
		2 Reuse: The Best Way to Get Rid of Plastic Waste
		3 Designing Successful Reuse Business Models
		References
	The Principle of Repair in Circular Economy: Extending the Lifespan of Products
		1 Introduction
		2 Advocating Repairability
		3 Repair Is a Radical Act: The Repair Principle on the Example of Patagonia
		References
	The Principle of Refurbish in Circular Economy: Products Better Than New
		1 Introduction
		2 Trends in the Refurbishment Market
		3 Philips Sustainability Campaign: Refurb Is the Future
		References
	The Principle of Remanufacture in Circular Economy: Same as New Product
		1 Introduction
		2 Design for Remanufacturing
		3 The Remanufacture Principle Using the Example of mtu Engines from Rolls-Royce Power Systems
		References
	The Principle of Recycling in Circular Economy: Transforming Waste
		1 Introduction
		2 Circular Economy Standards and Recycling Practices: Opportunities and Challenges
		3 The Potential of New Technologies in Recycling
		References
	The Principle of Recovery in Circular Economy: Generating Energy
		1 Introduction
		2 Waste Treatment Pathways and the Interconnectedness of the Rs
		3 Waste Recovery from Industrial Processes: The Kalundborg Symbiosis
		References
Part II: Theoretical Perspectives of Circular Economy in Global Supply Chains
	Circular Economy and Sustainable Supply Chain Management
		1 Introduction
		2 Fundamentals
			2.1 Definition of Supply Chain Management
			2.2 Risks in Global Supply Chains
		3 Sustainable Supply Chains: Definition, Meaning and Models
			3.1 Definition of Sustainable Supply Chains
			3.2 Reasons for Establishing Sustainable Supply Chains
				3.2.1 Opportunities and Drivers of Sustainable Supply Chains
				3.2.2 Internal and External Barriers
			3.3 Models of Sustainable Supply Chain Management
				3.3.1 The SCOR Model Extended to Include Sustainability
				3.3.2 A Supply Chain Model for Implementing the SDGs
		4 Challenges in Sustainable Supply Chain Management
			4.1 The Role of Procurement in Sustainable Supply Chains
				4.1.1 Procurement as the Missing Element of Sustainable Supply Chains
				4.1.2 The German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act in the Context of Sustainable Supply Chains
				4.1.3 Designing Sustainable Supplier-Buyer Relationships
			4.2 The Role of Sales in Sustainable Supply Chains
		5 Conclusion and Outlook
		References
	Circular Procurement in Global Supply Chains
		1 Global Supply Chains: An Overview
		2 Sustainable Procurement Management and Circular Procurement
			2.1 The Importance of Sustainable Procurement and Circular Procurement for the Sustainable Transformation
			2.2 The Impact of Procurement on the SDGs
		3 Circular Economy in Global Supply Chains
			3.1 The Impact of the 7Rs on the SDGs
		4 The Impact of Circular Procurement on the SDGs
		5 Outlook
		Appendix
		References
	Circular Economy: Contested Definitions and an Evolving Concept
		1 Introduction
		2 Contested Circular Economy Definitions
		3 The Circular Economy Conceptual Framework
		4 The Phased Evolution of the Circular Economy Concept
		5 The Validity Challenge Period
		6 Supply Chain Implications
		7 Conclusion
		References
	The Economic Geography of the Moral Supply Chain in a Circular Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 The Moral Supply Chain: From Design Through Raw Materials and Finished Products
		3 Ethics and Economic Geography of Supply Chains: The Spatial Dimensions of Ethical and Circularity Decisions
			3.1 The Circular Economy: Transforming Waste into Wealth
			3.2 Scopes of Social Responsibility
				3.2.1 Cobalt Mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
				3.2.2 The Moral Supply Chain and Scopes of Responsibility in a Circular Economy
		4 Dimensions of Morality Along the Geography of a Circular Supply Chain
			4.1 Descriptive Dimension of the Moral Supply Chain
			4.2 Descriptive and Normative Dimensions of the Moral Supply Chain
			4.3 The Dimension of Culture
			4.4 The Legal Dimension
			4.5 The Ethical Dimension
			4.6 The Practical Dimension
		5 Conclusions
		References
Part III: Practical Implementations of Circular Economy in Global Supply Chains
	Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment as a Tool for Businesses in a Circular Economy: Business Examples from Egypt
		1 Introduction
		2 Circular Economy
			2.1 The Main Principles of Circular Economy
		3 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: A Tool for Circular Economy
		4 The Business Case for Sustainability
		5 Business Case Studies from Egypt
			5.1 Reform Studio
			5.2 Dabur
			5.3 Nestlé Egypt
			5.4 Bekia
		6 Conclusion
		References
	Structural Framework Development for Smooth Circular Supply Chain Management Adoption
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Background and Motivation
			1.2 Study Objectives
			1.3 Literature Review
				1.3.1 Circular Supply Chain Management and Drivers
				1.3.2 Applications of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods
		2 Research Method
			2.1 Framework Development by Interpretive Structural Modelling
			2.2 Framework Analysis
		3 Findings and Discussion
		4 Conclusions
			4.1 Study Implications
			4.2 Limitations and Future Scope
		References
	Value-Based Selling of Green Products: A Radical New Approach to Commercial Growth
		1 Why the Market Is So Hungry for Digital and Green Products
			1.1 Be the First Who Gets It Right: “The Winner Takes It All”
			1.2 Regulatory Constraints: “Fit for 55” (EU Sustainability Target)
			1.3 Customer Groups That Demand Green Products
			1.4 Why Customers Choose Green Products
		2 How to Increase the Conversion Rate
			2.1 The “1% Curse”: Why 99% of Companies Massively Underperform in Conversion Rates for Digital and Green Products
			2.2 Rethinking the Customer Experience
		3 The “Magic Bullet” Value-Based Pricing Model: The New Margin Turbo
			3.1 From “Per Unit” to “Value-Based” in Practice
			3.2 The Architecture of a Value-Based Offer
			3.3 Making Entrepreneurial Benefits Measurable
			3.4 The Unique Selling Proposition Against Your Competition
		4 Implementation Guide for Commercial Organisations
			4.1 Decision-Maker Level
			4.2 Customer Groups: Existing vs. New
			4.3 What Other Products Can Be Sold on a “Value-Based” Pricing Model?
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Green and Collaborative Logistics in the U.S-Mexico Border: The Blue5PL Case
		1 Introduction
		2 Disruptions in North America’s Logistics Industry
		3 Circular Economy and Green Logistics
		4 The Blue5PL Case
		5 Key Lessons
		References
	Creating the First Circular Value Ecosystem in Latin America: The Experience of a Multinational Brewery
		1 Introduction
		2 Traditional Supply Chain Management: The Linear Production Paradigm
		3 Circular Economy, Industrial Ecology and Industrial Symbiosis: The Antecedents of Circular Value Ecosystems
			3.1 Circular Economy
			3.2 Industrial Ecology and Industrial Symbiosis
		4 Circular Value Ecosystem
		5 Methodology
			5.1 Insider Action Research: Rationale and Data Collection
				5.1.1 Data Collection
		6 Case Study: Meoqui Brewery, the First Circular Value Ecosystem of Latin America
			6.1 HEINEKEN México Sustainability Strategy
			6.2 The Circular Value Ecosystem of Meoqui
			6.3 Conformation of the Circular Value Ecosystem: Course of Events
		7 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Supporting Regional Transformation Through an Organizational Educational Network Consulting Approach: An Empirical Example Regarding the Implementation of a Regional Circular Economy
		1 Introduction
		2 Networks as a Potential for Regional Circular Economy
		3 Network Guidance from an Organizational Education Perspective
			3.1 Network Facilitation as a Process-Based Approach to Collaboration
			3.2 Addressing Problems of Network Governance from an Organizational Educational Perspective
		4 The Network Consulting Programme “Greening the University Canteen—With Sustainability Labs to the Regional Food Cycle”
		5 How Regional Network Actors Experience Organizational Educational Network Consulting: The Metaphor-Analytical Research Design
		6 Potentials of Organizational Educational Network Consulting for the Development of a Circular Economy: A Case Analysis
			6.1 “[B]ringing People Together” Is a Job “That Neither the Region nor the Farmers Can Fulfill”: The Potential of an Organizational-Education Network Consulting Approach
			6.2 From “Somewhat Sceptical” to “Pleasantly Surprised”, “Because the Department of Education Organized It”: Perspective on the Organizational Educational Network Consulting
			6.3 Network Problems and Solutions Through Organizational Education Network Consulting
				6.3.1 From a Large Number of Actors Towards a “Shared Vision”
				6.3.2 From Endless Disagreement to “People With Visions”
				6.3.3 From Social Cohesion to “Thinking from Outside of the Box” and “Going New Ways”
				6.3.4 From “Working Against Each Other” to “Completely Different Perspective”: Conflict and Cooperation
		7 Conclusion
		References
	Replacing Cardboard-Based Boxes with a Circular Economy Solution in Austria: A Framework for Stakeholder Assessment and Impact Evaluation of Social, Ecological and Economic Factors
		1 Introduction
		2 The European Courier, Express and Package Industry
			2.1 Circular Economy in Logistics
			2.2 Returnable Transport Items
			2.3 Existing Circular Logistics Solutions in Europe and Austria
		3 The Stakeholder Approach as Assessment Tool for Circular Economy Solutions
			3.1 The Triple Bottom Line as Basis for a Claimants-Based Approach to Stakeholder Management
			3.2 A Resource-Based Approach to Stakeholder Management
			3.3 Integrating Both Approaches
		4 The Case of the Austrian CEP Industry
			4.1 Stakeholder Prioritisation from a Claimant-Based Perspective
			4.2 Stakeholder Prioritisation from a Resource-Based Perspective
				4.2.1 Resource-Based View on Critical Mass for RTI Solutions
				4.2.2 Resource-Based View on Reverse Logistics Processes
		5 Discussion
			5.1 Different Perspectives on Stakeholder Management: More Than Merely Semantics
			5.2 Theoretical Contributions and Managerial Implications
			5.3 Limitations
		6 Conclusion
		References