Chumash World at European Contact

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
1. The Chumash at a Crossroads: Theoretical Considerations......Page 16
Significance of Research......Page 18
Overview of the Chumash......Page 21
Development of Chumash Sociopolitical Complexity......Page 24
Theoretical Considerations......Page 26
2. The Environment and Its Management......Page 32
Resources in the Santa Barbara Channel Region......Page 34
The Chumash as Environmental Managers......Page 47
Environmental Changes During the Historic Period......Page 48
3. Cultural Setting......Page 52
Early Documents......Page 53
Archaeological Research on the Mainland......Page 57
Social Sphere of the Chumash......Page 69
Economic Networks......Page 75
Chiefs and Power......Page 77
Population Figures for the Chumash......Page 80
Noqto......Page 85
Shilimaqshtush......Page 89
Shisholop North......Page 90
Kashtayit......Page 91
’Onomyo......Page 92
Qasil......Page 93
Dos Pueblos: Mikiw and Kuya’mu......Page 95
Goleta Slough Settlements......Page 99
Syuxtun......Page 108
Shalawa......Page 111
Mishopshno......Page 112
Shuku......Page 115
Shisholop South......Page 117
Muwu......Page 119
Sumo......Page 122
Humaliwo......Page 123
Summary......Page 124
5. Village and Household Organization......Page 128
Ethnohistoric and Ethnographic Descriptions of Village Organization and Structures......Page 129
Archaeological Evidence for Village Organization and Structures......Page 141
Evidence for Production and Consumption at the Household and Village Level......Page 164
6. Subsistence and Feasting......Page 166
Dietary Overview......Page 167
Gender Roles......Page 193
Helo’: Plant Use at Contact......Page 181
The Significance of Storage......Page 189
Feasting......Page 194
Colonial Influence and the Persistence of Native Traditions......Page 202
Summary......Page 204
7. Rank, Ritual, and Power......Page 206
Ethnohistoric and Ethnographic Perspectives on Chiefs, Elites, and Commoners......Page 207
Mortuary Symbolism, Rank, and Religious Power......Page 216
Religious Power......Page 228
Gender......Page 231
Manifestations of Power......Page 234
8. Economics and Exchange: Manifestations of Wealth Finance......Page 238
Contexts of Exchange......Page 239
Shell Beads as Indicators of Wealth and Rank......Page 244
Theoretical Considerations Concerning Chumash Exchange......Page 249
Significance of Canoes......Page 250
Centers of Exchange......Page 254
Prestige Goods and Wealth Finance......Page 258
Network Power and Social Storage......Page 262
9. Conflict and Social Integration......Page 264
Evidence for Warfare in Ethnohistoric and Ethnographic Accounts......Page 265
Bioarchaeological Evidence of Violence among the Chumash......Page 276
Mechanisms of Social Integration......Page 279
Methods of Social Control......Page 281
Theoretical Perspectives on Chumash Warfare......Page 284
10. The Chumash, Pomo, and Patwin: Comparative Analysis and Final Thoughts......Page 290
Complex Hunter-Gatherers: The Chumash Example......Page 291
Resource Abundance and Sociopolitical Complexity......Page 292
Power Strategies of the Chumash......Page 294
Network Power......Page 295
Emergent Complexity and the Relationship of the Island and Mainland Chumash......Page 298
Sociopolitical Complexity among Hunter-Gatherers in California......Page 302
Future Studies of Complex Hunter-Gatherers......Page 316
Notes......Page 318
References......Page 324
Index......Page 360