Child and Adolescent Online Risk Exposure: An Ecological Perspective

Title-page_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	Child and Adolescent Online Risk Exposure
Copyright_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	Copyright
Contents_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	Contents
List-of-Contributors_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	List of Contributors
Preface_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	Preface
Chapter-1---Introduction_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	1 Introduction
		An ecological model of child/adolescent risk exposure
		References
Chapter-2---Problematic-internet-use--causes--c_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-On
	2 Problematic internet use: causes, consequences, and future directions
		Trends in digital technology use: benefits and risks
		Description of behavioral addictions
		Problematic internet use
			Measurement of problematic internet use
		Correlates of problematic internet use
			Demographic correlates
			Biological and genetic correlates
			Behavioral correlates
			Psychological correlates
			Social correlates
		Consequences of problematic internet use
			Physical and behavioral outcomes
			Psychological and social outcomes
			Academic outcomes
		Etiological models of problematic internet use
			Impulse control disorder model
			Cognitive-behavioral model
		Recommendations for research and practice
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-3---The-process-of-exploitation-and-victimizatio_2021_Child-and-Adol
	3 The process of exploitation and victimization of adolescents in digital environments: the contribution of authenticity an...
		Self-presentation and identity development
		Exploitation of adolescents through digital technology
			Definitions and effects of cyberexploitation
			The process of cyberexploitation
			Gender differences in cyberexploitation
			The contributions of self-exploration and authentic self-expression to cyberexploitation
		The risks of cybervictimization
			Definition and effects of cybervictimization
			The process of cybervictimization
			Gender differences in cybervictimization
			The contribution of self-exploration and authentic self-expression to cybervictimization
		Limiting risks in digital environments
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-4---Online-contact-risk-behaviors-and-ris_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-
	4 Online contact risk behaviors and risk factors among Japanese high school students
		Introduction
		Method
			Participants and procedures
			Measures
			Statistical analysis
		Results
			Descriptive statistics
			Chi-square analysis
			Correlations
			Regression analysis
		Discussion
		References
Chapter-5---Understanding-child-and-adoles_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-
	5 Understanding child and adolescent cyberbullying
		Introduction
		Emergence of cyberbullying
		Unique features associated with cyberbullying
		Prevalence of cyberbullying
		Cyberbullying behaviors
		Cyber-perpetrators
		Cybervictims
		Cyberbully/victims
		Bystanders
		Consequences of cyberbullying
		Relative risk perception of cyberbullying
		Intervention
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-6---Online-aggression-and-romantic-re_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Onli
	6 Online aggression and romantic relationships in adolescence
		Introduction
		Significance of romantic relationships in adolescence
		Social media definitions and use in adolescence
		Conceptual model
		Cyberstalking
			Definitions and qualities
			The importance of romantic relationships
			The importance of social media affordances
			Areas for future research
		Revenge porn
			Definitions and qualities
			The importance of romantic relationships
			The affordances of social media
			Areas for future research
		Cyberbullying
			Definitions and qualities
			The importance of romantic relationships
			The affordances of social media
		Prevention and intervention efforts to mitigate the risks and consequences
		References
Chapter-7---The-longitudinal-associations-of-cyberbul_2021_Child-and-Adolesc
	7 The longitudinal associations of cyberbullying and cybervictimization: preliminary findings from a two-wave study
		Introduction
			Face-to-face and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization
			Narcissism and cyberbullying/victimization
			Callous–unemotional traits and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization
			Popularity, social preference, social status insecurity, and cyberbullying/victimization
			Prosocial behaviors and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization
			Media use and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization
			Present study
		Methods
			Participants
			Measurement tools
				Childhood Narcissism Scale
				Face-to-face bullying involvement and Prosocial Behavior Scale
				Cyberbullying involvement and Cyber-Prosocial Behavior (as giver) Scale
				Cybervictimization and Cyber-Prosocial Behavior (as recipient) Scale
				Face-to-face victimization and Prosocial Behavior (as recipient) Scale
				Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits
				Social Status Goals Questionnaire
				Self-perceptions of status
				New media use
			Procedure
		Results
			Prevalence rates of cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization at Time 1 and Time 2
			Stability of face-to-face cyberbullying/victimization between Time 1 and Time 2
			Longitudinal associations of cyberbullying at Time 2
			Longitudinal associations of cybervictimization at Time 2
		Discussion
			Implications
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-8---The-rising-threat-of-cyberhate-for_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Onl
	8 The rising threat of cyberhate for young people around the globe
		Body
		Cyberhate defined
		Why hate groups use online platforms
		Cyberhate risk for children and adolescents
		Frequency of cyberhate among adolescents
		Theories
		Correlates of involvement in cyberhate
		Intrapersonal level
			Sex
			Age
			Minority status
			Socioeconomic status
			Information and communication technology use
			Being a perpetrator, victim, or bystander
			Psychological correlates
			Coping strategies
			Attitudes
		Interpersonal level
			Peer-to-peer relationships
			Parent–child relationships
			Student–teacher relationships
		Contextual level
			Online setting
			School setting
		Freedom of speech
		Implications for practice
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-9---Same-incident--different-story--Investigat_2021_Child-and-Adoles
	9 Same incident, different story? Investigating early adolescents’ negative online peer interactions from different perspec...
		Method
			Participants
			Procedure
			Data analysis
		Results
			Overview of incidents
			Different perspectives on three cases
			Instrument for researchers and practitioners
		Discussion
		References
Chapter-10---Parental-vigilance--low-self-control-_2021_Child-and-Adolescent
	10 Parental vigilance, low self-control, and Internet dependency among rural adolescents
		Literature review
			Internet dependency
			Parental vigilance and Internet dependency
			Low self-control and Internet dependency
			Low self-control theory
			Evidence about the associations between parental vigilance, low self-control, and Internet dependency
		The present study
		Method
			Sample
			Measures
				Background variables
					Sex
					Age
					SES
			Plan of analysis
		Results
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-11---Cyberbullying-perpetration-and-victimizati_2021_Child-and-Adole
	11 Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among ethnic minority youth in the United States: similarities or differenc...
		Cyberbullying experiences in childhood and adolescence
		Why focus on cyberbullying among ethnic minority youth?
		Heightened or reduced risk of cyberbullying involvement?
			A focus on African American youth
			Ethnicity as a moderator?
		Studying within-group factors with ethnic minority youth
		Moving the field forward: culturally relevant factors to consider
			Overlap between cyberbullying and online discrimination?
			Studying the familial context
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-12---Racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-the-social_2021_Child-and-Adoles
	12 Racial and ethnic diversity in the social ecology of online harassment and cybervictimization: the adolescent–school context
		Introduction
		A social framework for the adolescent–school context
			Cyberaggression, cyberbullying, and online hate
			Prevalence of cyberbullying among youth of color
			An ecological model of cyberbullying among the youth of color
			Individual
			Family context
		Adolescent–school microsystem
			School climate
			Social support at school
			Bullying, cyberbullying, and internalizing behavior at school
			Bullying, cyberbullying, and externalizing behavior at school
		Anticyberbullying and cyberharassment: programs, policies, and implications
			Programs focusing on the adolescent–school microsystem
			Beyond the focal adolescent–school microsystem: implications for policy, intervention, and theory
				Framing a strength-based perspective to cyberbullying
				Out-of-school cyberbullying interventions
		References
Chapter-13---Cyberbullying-and-cybervictimizati_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-On
	13 Cyberbullying and cybervictimization among youth with disabilities
		Definitions of key terms
		Types of bullying
			Traditional bullying
			Cyberbullying
		Prevalence and gender considerations
		Risk factors for victims and perpetrators of cyberbullying
			Individual risk factors
				Age
				Gender
				Sexual orientation
				Disability status
				Social emotional factors
			Environmental risk factors
				Time spent online
				Supervision/monitoring
				Social support
				School variables
		Outcomes associated with involvement in cyberbullying
			Mental health outcomes
				Depression
				Anxiety
				Self-esteem
				Physical health and risky behaviors
				Academic outcomes
		Setting
		School-based prevention/intervention of cyberbullying
			Research on interventions for youth with disabilities for traditional bullying
			Stigma-based bullying
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-14---The-negative-online-experiences-of_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-On
	14 The negative online experiences of maltreated children and adolescents
		Definition of child and adolescent maltreatment
		History of child and adolescent maltreatment
		Prevalence rates of child and adolescent maltreatment
		Outcomes associated with child and adolescent maltreatment
		Exposure to negative online experiences among maltreated children and adolescents
			Online addiction
			Online behaviors
			Online sexualization
		Recommendations for future directions
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-15---LGBTQ-youth-and-digital-medi_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-R
	15 LGBTQ youth and digital media: online risks
		Theoretical frameworks
		Cyberbullying and LGBTQ youth
		Excessive digital media use among LGBTQ youth
		Misinformation and LGBTQ youth
		Suicide contagion and corumination among LGBTQ youth
		Sexual health and LGBTQ youth
		Sexual exploitation and LGBTQ youth
		Discussion
		References
Chapter-16---Gendered-nature-of-digital-abuse-in_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-O
	16 Gendered nature of digital abuse in romantic relationships in adolescence
		Introduction
		Digital technologies and dating violence
		Background: the role of gender in teen dating violence
		Gender differences in cyber dating abuse
		Gender role norms and cyber dating abuse
		Cyber dating abuse and sexual orientation
		School-based programs to prevent or reduce violence in teen dating relationships
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-17---Advances-in-the-cyberbullying-lite_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-On
	17 Advances in the cyberbullying literature: theory-based interventions
		Shifting from atheoretical to theoretical
			Defining and measuring cyberbullying
			Scope of cyberbullying
			Correlates of cyberbullying
		Cyberbullying interventions and theory
		Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior
			Media Heroes
			iZ Hero
			Video intervention
		Social Ecological Theory/Ecological Systems Theory
			Cyber-friendly schools
			ViSC
			Tabby
			KiVa
		Theory of Normative Social Behavior
			ConRed
		The Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-18---Online-risk-interventions--implicati_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-
	18 Online risk interventions: implications of theory of mind and other considerations
		Theoretical framework of cyberbullying
			Moral development and cyberbullying
			Theory of mind and cyberbullying
				Emotion regulation and cyberbullying
				Inhibition of learned behaviors and cyberbullying prevention
		Risk and protective factors of cyberbullying
			Individual level
			Family level
			School and community level
		Implications for cyberbullying intervention programs and prevention efforts
		Future program development considerations: Selection and implementation practices
			Guidelines and considerations for specific cyberbullying interventions
		References
Chapter-19---Using-focus-groups-and-quality-circles-to-_2021_Child-and-Adole
	19 Using focus groups and quality circles to enable pupil voice in European teenagers from socioeconomically disadvantaged ...
		Introduction: the Blurred Lives Project
		Quality circles and sequential focus groups
		Experiences of quality circles and sequential focus groups in the Blurred Lives Project
			London, England
			Berlin, Germany
			Eindhoven, the Netherlands
			Bologna, Italy
			Belfast, Northern Ireland
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
Chapter-20---Conclusion_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
	20 Conclusion
		Summary of chapters
			Section I
			Section II
			Section III
			Section IV
		Trends in the literature
		Recommendations and new research directions
			Recommendations for educators
			Recommendations for parents
			Recommendations for policies
			New research directions
		Concluding statement
Index_2021_Child-and-Adolescent-Online-Risk-Exposure
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