Chester I. Barnard: Innovator of Organization Theory

Preface
Contents
About the Author
Part I Background of Barnard’s Management Thought
1 Introduction
	1.1 This Book’s Aim and Scope
	1.2 Research Method and Design
	1.3 Overview of This Book
	1.4 This Book’s Originality and Contributions
	References
2 Life and Career
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Creating Theory from Experience and Observation
	2.3 Barnard’s Life
	2.4 Barnard’s Career
		2.4.1 American Telephone and Telegraph Company
		2.4.2 New Jersey Emergency Relief Administration
		2.4.3 United Service Organizations
		2.4.4 Rockefeller Foundation
	2.5 Summary and Implications
	References
3 Experience at AT & T
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Bell Telephone System
	3.3 History of AT & T
		3.3.1 Building the Foundation of Business and Patent Controversies
		3.3.2 From Duplex System to Monopoly
		3.3.3 From Monopoly to Nationalization
		3.3.4 The Great Depression
		3.3.5 New Legislation of Labor Union
	3.4 Barnard’s Early Management Thought
		3.4.1 Business Principles in Organization Practice
		3.4.2 The Development of Executive Ability
		3.4.3 Business Integration Essential to Stabilized Progress
		3.4.4 Basic Principles in Personnel Relations
	3.5 Summary and Implications
	References
4 Intellectual Exchange with Researchers
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Henderson and the Concept of Formal Organization
	4.3 Simon and Intuitive Thinking
	4.4 Polanyi and Spontaneous Order
	4.5 Jaques and Status System
	4.6 Summary and Implications
	References
5 Basic Philosophy
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The Conflict Between Collectivism and Individualism
	5.3 Ever-Changing and Complicated Reality
	5.4 Open System Approach
	5.5 Summary and Implications
	References
6 Research Method
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Participant Observation
	6.3 Three Different Levels of Discourse
	6.4 Hippocrates Method
	6.5 Summary and Implications
	References
Part II Establishing Organization and Management Theory
7 Exploring What an Organization Is
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 From General Staff to Line Manager
	7.3 In the Face of Severe Reality as Top Manager
	7.4 Toward Publishing The Functions
	7.5 Summary and Implications
	References
8 Academic Influence
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Literature Referred in Unpublished Manuscripts
	8.3 Literature Cited in The Functions
	8.4 In Search of the Concept of Organization as a System of Forces
	8.5 Summary and Implications
	References
9 Organization Theory
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Vertical Isomorphism of Individuals, Cooperative System, and the Environment
	9.3 The Duality of Formal and Informal Organizations
	9.4 The Creation of a Complex Formal Organization from Unit Organizations
	9.5 Summary and Implications
	References
10 Management Theory
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Establishing a Formal Organization
		10.2.1 The Theory of Specialization
		10.2.2 The Theory of Incentives
		10.2.3 The Theory of Authority and Communication
		10.2.4 The Theory of Decision-Making
	10.3 Continuing a Formal Organization
	10.4 Developing a Formal Organization
	10.5 Summary and Implications
	References
Part III Exploring New Directions to Develop Organization and Management Theory
11 Organizational Autonomy
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Deepening Understanding of the Concept of Formal Organization
	11.3 Introducing the Concept of Lateral Organization
	11.4 Emphasizing the Importance of a Status System
	11.5 Summary and Implications
	References
12 From Authority to Responsibility
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Establishing Acceptance Theory of Authority
	12.3 Deepening Understanding of Organizational Autonomy
	12.4 Shifting Focus from Authority to Responsibility
	12.5 Summary and Implications
	References
13 Practical Knowledge and Thinking
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Emphasizing the Importance of Logical and Non-Logical Mental Processes
	13.3 Establishing the Theory of Opportunism
	13.4 Integrating Practical Knowledge and Thinking
	13.5 Summary and Implications
	References
14 Executive Ability and Education
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 From an Expert to a Generalist
	14.3 Developing the Ability of Executive Responsibility
	14.4 Leadership Ability to Adjust to Ever-Changing Reality
	14.5 Summary and Implications
	References
15 Conclusion
	15.1 Summary of This Book
		15.1.1 The Summary of the First Part
		15.1.2 Summary of the Second Part
		15.1.3 Summary of the Third Part
	15.2 Conclusion
	References