Chemical ecology

Content: Foreword  xi Stephanie THIEBAULT and Francoise GAILL     Introduction  xiii Anne-Genevieve BAGNERES and Martine HOSSAERT-MCKEY     Chapter 1. Biodiversity and Chemical Mediation  1 Bertrand SCHATZ, Doyle MCKEY and Thierry PEREZ     1.1. Systematic and integrative taxonomy from chemical ecology  2     1.2. Scent communication between sexual partners  4     1.3. Scent communication between species 6     1.4. Chemical mimicry, to enhance reproduction 8     1.5. A dialog that sometimes evolves into an interaction network 10     1.6. Conclusions 18     1.7. Bibliography  18     Chapter 2. Chemical Ecology: An Integrative and Experimental Science  23 Anne-Marie CORTESERO, Magali PROFFIT, Christophe DUPLAIS and Frederique VIARD     2.1. Semiochemicals  23     2.2. Chemical ecology in multitrophic networks and co-evolution between species  28     2.3. Contribution of chemical ecology to the study of tropical plant diversification  32     2.4. When chemical ecology sheds light on the process of biological invasion     an example demonstrating integration between chemistry and ecology  36     2.5. Protection is in the air: how plants defend themselves against phytophagous insects through VOC emissions  40     2.6. Conclusions 43     2.7. Bibliography  43     Chapter 3. Scents in the Social Life of Non-Human and Human Primates 47 Marie CHARPENTIER, Guillaume ODONNE and Benoist SCHAAL     3.1. Primate societies and their complex systems of communication  47     3.2. The role of odors in human communication  53     3.2.1. Human odors convey a large panel of cues  53     3.2.2. Body odors reflect internal states 55     3.2.3. What are the functions of social smells in human daily life? 56     3.2.4. Human pheromones, fact or fiction?  59     3.3. The senses of smell and taste in the search for food and remedies 61     3.3.1. Interactions between senses and food in primates 61     3.3.2. Senses and self-medication in animals  62     3.3.3. Senses in human therapies  63     3.3.4. An evolutionary conception of the link between senses and health 65     3.4. Conclusions     the adaptive functions of the sense of smell in    microsmatic    species  66     3.5. Bibliography  68     Chapter 4. Microbiota and Chemical Ecology 71 Soizic PRADO, Catherine LEBLANC and Sylvie REBUFFAT     4.1. The protagonist microorganisms of chemical ecology 71     4.2. Strategies for the study of microbiota 72     4.2.1. How should the microbiota be characterized?  72     4.2.2. What tools are available to help understand the roles of the microbiota? 73     4.3. The molecular dialog of microorganisms 75     4.3.1. Language and social life of microorganisms 75     4.3.2. The AMPs, main actors in the equilibrium of bacterial communities  78     4.3.3. Fungi and bacteria communicate to better help each other  79     4.3.4. When helping each other degenerates into chemical warfare between bacteria and fungi 80     4.3.5. The Trichoderma fungi: heavy artillery against pathogenic fungi 80     4.4. Chemical communication between microorganisms and their hosts  81     4.4.1. Plant   bacteria relationships: essential interactions with different partners  81     4.4.2. Plants also establish intimate relations with fungi  83     4.4.3. Mutualist actinobacteria provide care to insects 85     4.4.4. Chemical communication between microorganisms and their host in the marine environment  87     4.5. Regulations and evolution of the interactions in changing ecosystems and environments 89     4.5.1. Contribution of chemical ecology to the understanding of biosynthesis mechanisms of chemical mediators  90     4.5.2. Metabolic networks: new tools for studying the evolution of host/microbiota interactions 91     4.6. Conclusions     from chemical ecology to future applications: impacts of the study of the microbiota 91     4.7. Bibliography  92     Chapter 5. From Chemical Ecology to Ecogeochemistry 95 Catherine FERNANDEZ, Virginie BALDY and Nadine LE BRIS     5.1. Balance between primary and secondary metabolism  96     5.2. Role of secondary metabolites in biotic interactions and community structure  99     5.3. Secondary metabolites and ecosystem functioning: plant soil relation     brown food chain  103     5.4. Integration of biotic and abiotic dynamics: benthic marine microhabitats 109     5.5. Conclusions 114     5.6. Bibliography  114     Chapter 6. Omics in Chemical Ecology 117 Sylvie BAUDINO, Christophe LUCAS and Carole SMADJA     6.1. Introduction: the different    omic    technologies 118     6.2. From    omics    to signals: identifying new active molecules 120     6.3. From    omics    to the ecology of communities: identifying chemical interactions of organisms in their environment  121     6.4. From    omics    to molecular bases: revealing the genetic and molecular bases of chemical interactions  122     6.5. From    omics    to physiology: characterizing the modes of production and the modes of reception of active molecules 127     6.6. From    omics    to the role of environment: understanding the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on interactions 128     6.7. From    omics    to evolution: understanding and predicting the adaptive value of chemical interactions 131     6.8. Conclusions and perspectives  133     6.9. Bibliography  134     Chapter 7. Metabolomic Contributions to Chemical Ecology  139 Philippe POTIN, Florence NICOLE and Olivier P. THOMAS     7.1. Definition of metabolomics 139     7.2. Different strategies of the metabolomic approaches 140     7.3. The different steps for conducting a metabolomic study  141     7.3.1. Experimental design and sampling 142     7.3.2. Analytical approaches  144     7.3.3. Data processing  144     7.4. Applications of metabolomics  151     7.4.1. Chemical biodiversity and chemotaxonomy 151     7.4.2. Study of the regulation and evolution of metabolic/ biosynthesis pathways 152     7.4.3. Contributions to functional ecology  155     7.4.4. Application of metabolomics to the study of environmental disturbances 157     7.5. Conclusions 157     7.6. Bibliography  158     Chapter 8. Chemical, Biological and Computational Tools in Chemical Ecology  161 Nicolas BARTHES, Jean-Claude CAISSARD, Jeremy JUST and Xavier FERNANDEZ     8.1. Chemical tools 161     8.1.1. Analytical tools of chromatography  161     8.1.2. Analytical approach by nuclear magnetic resonance 168     8.1.3. Secondary metabolite imagery techniques  170     8.2. Sequencing tools  173     8.2.1. Principles, strengths and limitations of NGS 174     8.2.2. Major domains of NGS applications  175     8.3. Databases: biodiversity in silico 179     8.3.1. Databases of chemical compounds and general ecology 180     8.3.2. Databases for the omics that can be used in chemical ecology  181     8.4. Conclusions 183     8.5. Bibliography  183     Chapter 9. Academic and Economic Values of Understanding Chemical Communication 185 Bernard BANAIGS, Ali AL MOURABIT, Guillaume CLAVE and Claude GRISON     9.1. Nature as a model 185     9.2. Nature as a model for development of new molecules of interest  187     9.2.1. From chemical mediators to new bioactive structural archetypes 188     9.2.2. Biosynthesis and biomimetic synthesis  192     9.2.3. Chemical mediators and ligand/receptor interactions: to the discovery of new cellular receptors and biochemical tools  195     9.3. Chemical ecology and sustainable development 196     9.3.1. Bio-control 198     9.3.2. Bio-inspired chemistry and remedial phytotechnologies 200     9.4. Conclusions 205     9.5. Bibliography  205     Conclusion 207 Martine HOSSAERT-MCKEY and Anne-Genevieve BAGNERES     Glossary  213     List of Authors  217     Index 221