Chemical, biochemical and engineering thermodynamics

Machine generated contents note: Instructional Objectives for Chapter 1 --
Important Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
1.1. The Central Problems of Thermodynamics --
1.2.A System of Units --
1.3. The Equilibrium State --
1.4. Pressure, Temperature, and Equilibrium --
1.5. Heat, Work, and the Conservation of Energy --
1.6. Specification of the Equilibrium State
 Intensive and Extensive Variables
 Equations of State --
1.7.A Summary of Important Experimental Observations --
1.8.A Comment on the Development of Thermodynamics --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 2 --
Important Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
2.1.A General Balance Equation and Conserved Quantities --
2.2. Conservation of Mass for a Pure Fluid --
2.3. The Mass Balance Equations for a Multicomponent System with a Chemical Reaction --
2.4. The Microscopic Mass Balance Equations in Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics (Optional --
only on the website for this book) --
Problems. Note continued: Instructional Objectives for Chapter 3 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
3.1. Conservation of Energy --
3.2. Several Examples of Using the Energy Balance --
3.3. The Thermodynamic Properties of Matter --
3.4. Applications of the Mass and Energy Balances --
3.5. Conservation of Momentum --
3.6. The Microscopic Energy Balance (Optional --
only on website for this book) --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 4 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
4.1. Entropy: A New Concept --
4.2. The Entropy Balance and Reversibility --
4.3. Heat, Work, Engines, and Entropy --
4.4. Entropy Changes of Matter --
4.5. Applications of the Entropy Balance --
4.6. Availability and the Maximum Useful Shaft Work that can be obtained In a Change of State --
4.7. The Microscopic Entropy Balance (Optional --
only on website for this book) --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 5 --
Notation Introduced in this Chapter --
5.1. Liquefaction. Note continued: 5.2. Power Generation and Refrigeration Cycles --
5.3. Thermodynamic Efficiencies --
5.4. The Thermodynamics of Mechanical Explosions --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 6 --
Notation Introduced in this Chapter --
6.1. Some Mathematical Preliminaries --
6.2. The Evaluation of Thermodynamic Partial Derivatives --
6.3. The Ideal Gas and Absolute Temperature Scales --
6.4. The Evaluation of Changes in the Thermodynamic Properties of Real Substances Accompanying a Change of State --
6.5. An Example Involving the Change of State of a Real Gas --
6.6. The Principle of Corresponding States --
6.7. Generalized Equations of State --
6.8. The Third Law of Thermodynamics --
6.9. Estimation Methods for Critical and Other Properties --
6.10. Sonic Velocity --
6.11. More About Thermodynamic Partial Derivatives (Optional --
only on website for this book) --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 7 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter. Note continued: 7.1. The Criteria for Equilibrium --
7.2. Stability of Thermodynamic Systems --
7.3. Phase Equilibria: Application of the Equilibrium and Stability Criteria to the Equation of State --
7.4. The Molar Gibbs Energy and Fugacity of a Pure Component --
7.5. The Calculation of Pure Fluid-Phase Equilibrium: The Computation of Vapor Pressure from an Equation of State --
7.6. Specification of the Equilibrium Thermodynamic State of a System of Several Phases: The Gibbs Phase Rule for a One-Component System --
7.7. Thermodynamic Properties of Phase Transitions --
7.8. Thermodynamic Properties of Small Systems, or Why Subcooling and Superheating Occur --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 8 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
8.1. The Thermodynamic Description of Mixtures --
8.2. The Partial Molar Gibbs Energy and the Generalized Gibbs-Duhem Equation --
8.3.A Notation for Chemical Reactions --
8.4. The Equations of Change for a Multicomponent System. Note continued: 8.5. The Heat of Reaction and a Convention for the Thermodynamic Properties of Reacting Mixtures --
8.6. The Experimental Determination of the Partial Molar Volume and Enthalpy --
8.7. Criteria for Phase Equilibrium in Multicomponent Systems --
8.8. Criteria for Chemical Equilibrium, and Combined Chemical and Phase Equilibrium --
8.9. Specification of the Equilibrium Thermodynamic State of a Multicomponent, Multiphase System
 the Gibbs Phase Rule --
8.10.A Concluding Remark --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 9 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
9.1. The Ideal Gas Mixture --
9.2. The Partial Molar Gibbs Energy and Fugacity --
9.3. Ideal Mixture and Excess Mixture Properties --
9.4. Fugacity of Species in Gaseous, Liquid, and Solid Mixtures --
9.5. Several Correlative Liquid Mixture Activity Coefficient Models --
9.6. Two Predictive Activity Coefficient Models --
9.7. Fugacity of Species in Nonsimple Mixtures. Note continued: 9.8. Some Comments on Reference and Standard States --
9.9.Combined Equation-of-State and Excess Gibbs Energy Model --
9.10. Electrolyte Solutions --
9.11. Choosing the Appropriate Thermodynamic Model --
Appendix A9.1 A Statistical Mechanical Interpretation of the Entropy of Mixing in an Ideal Mixture (Optional --
only on the website for this book) --
Appendix A9.2 Multicomponent Excess Gibbs Energy (Activity Coefficient) Models --
Appendix A9.3 The Activity Coefficient of a Solvent in an Electrolyte Solution --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 10 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
10.0. Introduction to Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium --
10.1. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Ideal Mixtures --
Problems for Section 10.1 --
10.2. Low-Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Nonideal Mixtures --
Problems for Section 10.2 --
10.3. High-Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Equations of State (0-0 Method) --
Problems for Section 10.3. Note continued: Instructional Objectives for Chapter 11 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
11.1. The Solubility of a Gas in a Liquid --
Problems for Section 11.1 --
11.2. Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium --
Problems for Section 11.2 --
11.3. Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium --
Problems for Section 11.3 --
11.4. The Partitioning of a Solute Among Two Coexisting Liquid Phases
 The Distribution Coefficient --
Problems for Section 11.4 --
11.5. Osmotic Equilibrium and Osmotic Pressure --
Problems for Section 11.5 --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 12 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
12.1. The Solubility of a Solid in a Liquid, Gas, or Supercritical Fluid --
Problems for Section 12.1 --
12.2. Partitioning of a Solid Solute Between Two Liquid Phases --
Problems for Section 12.2 --
12.3. Freezing-Point Depression of a Solvent Due to the Presence of a Solute
 the Freezing Point of Liquid Mixtures --
Problems for Section 12.3 --
12.4. Phase Behavior of Solid Mixtures. Note continued: Problems for Section 12.4 --
12.5. The Phase Behavior Modeling of Chemicals in the Environment --
Problems for Section 12.5 --
12.6. Process Design and Product Design --
Problems for Section 12.6 --
12.7. Concluding Remarks on Phase Equilibria --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 13 --
Important Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
13.1. Chemical Equilibrium in a Single-Phase System --
13.2. Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions --
13.3. Chemical Equilibrium When Several Reactions Occur in a Single Phase --
13.4.Combined Chemical and Phase Equilibrium --
13.5. Ionization and the Acidity of Solutions --
13.6. Ionization of Biochemicals --
13.7. Partitioning of Amino Acids and Proteins Between Two Liquids --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 14 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
14.1. The Balance Equations for a Tank-Type Chemical Reactor --
14.2. The Balance Equations for a Tubular Reactor. Note continued: 14.3. Overall Reactor Balance Equations and the Adiabatic Reaction Temperature --
14.4. Thermodynamics of Chemical Explosions --
14.5. Maximum Useful Work and Availability in Chemically Reacting Systems --
14.6. Introduction to Electrochemical Processes --
14.7. Fuel Cells and Batteries --
Problems --
Instructional Objectives for Chapter 15 --
Notation Introduced in This Chapter --
15.1. Solubilities of Weak Acids, Weak Bases, and Amino Acids as a Function of pH --
15.2. The Solubility of Amino Acids and Proteins as a function of Ionic Strength and Temperature --
15.3. Binding of a Ligand to a Substrate --
15.4. Some Other Examples of Biochemical Reactions --
15.5. The Denaturation of Proteins --
15.6. Coupled Biochemical Reactions: The ATP-ADP Energy Storage and Delivery Mechanism --
15.7. Thermodynamic Analysis of Fermenters and Other Bioreactors --
15.8. Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium and Membrane Potentials --
15.9. Protein Concentration in an Ultracentrifuge. Note continued: Problems --
Appendix A.I Conversion Factors For Si Units --
Appendix A. II The Molar Heat Capacities Of Gases In The Ideal Gas (Zero Pressure) State --
Appendix A. III The Thermodynamic Properties Of Water And Steam --
Appendix A. IV Enthalpies And Free Energies Of Formation --
Appendix A.V Heats Of Combustion --
Appendix B.I Windows-Based Visual Basic Programs --
Appendix B. II Dos-Based Basic Programs --
Appendix B. III Mathcad Worksheets --
Appendix B. IV Matlab Programs.