Changing the Face of the Waters: The Promise and Challenge of Sustainable Aquaculture (Agriculture and Rural Development Series)

Contents......Page 6
Boxes, Figures, and Tables......Page 8
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 12
Acronyms, Abbreviations, Currencies, and Units of Measure......Page 16
Focus of the Study......Page 20
A Surging Global Industry......Page 21
Challenges and Approaches......Page 23
Emergence of a Global Industry......Page 32
Production, Markets, and Trade......Page 34
Future Supply and Demand Projections......Page 38
The Role of External Assistance and the International Financial Institutions......Page 39
The Impact of Aquaculture on the Environment......Page 42
The Impact of Aquaculture on Human Health......Page 48
Environmental Services from Aquaculture......Page 54
Feeds, Seeds, and Disease......Page 59
Technology Transfer and Capacity Building......Page 68
Impacts of Aquaculture on Poverty and Livelihoods......Page 75
Lessons from Asia......Page 77
Box 4.3 Enabling Factors for Selected Pro-Poor Aquaculture Technologies and Systems......Page 81
5. Catalyzing Aquaculture in Less-Developed Countries......Page 87
The Status of Aquaculture in Africa......Page 88
Diagnosis for Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 89
Unlocking the Potential......Page 91
Catalyzing Sustainable Aquaculture in Latin America......Page 97
Conclusions......Page 101
Recommendations......Page 110
Annexes......Page 112
Annex 1. Definitions of Aquaculture Production Systems......Page 113
Annex 2. Selected Codes, Instruments, and Tools for Responsible Aquaculture......Page 116
Annex 3. Portfolio Analysis......Page 122
Annex 4. Wealth Creation and Poverty Alleviation—The Asian Experiences......Page 129
Table A5.1 Aquaculture Production by Trophic Level of Cultured Species, 2003......Page 154
Annex 6. The Diversity of Aquaculture Production Systems and Business Models......Page 165
Annex 7. Guidelines for the Preparation and Implementation of Aquaculture Projects......Page 175
Notes......Page 182
References......Page 184
Index......Page 199
Box 2.1 Fish and Human Health......Page 51
Box 2.2 Win-Win Situations for Aquaculture and the Environment......Page 52
Box 2.3 Aquaculture and Climate Change—Marine Carbon Sequestration......Page 57
Box 3.1 Public Sector and Fish Breeding and Seed Supply Programs......Page 65
Box 3.2 Benefits of One-Stop Aqua Shops......Page 71
Box 3.3 Guiding Principles from Reviews of External Assistance to Asian Aquaculture......Page 72
Box 4.1 Relative Incomes from Aquaculture and Agriculture......Page 76
Box 4.2 Bringing the Blue Revolution to the Poor......Page 80
Box 4.4 Trade Disputes over Aquaculture Products......Page 86
Box 5.1 The Abuja Declaration on Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture in Africa......Page 92
Box A4.1 China–World Bank Freshwater Fisheries Project, 1986–92......Page 132
Box A4.2 Constraints of Community-Based Fish Farming—Project Scorecard in Puri District of Orissa and Purulia District of West Bengal......Page 134
Box A4.3 An Integrated Livestock-Fish-Farming System in Indonesia’s Rice-Based Agriculture......Page 135
Box A4.4 Enabling Diffusion and Accelerating Adoption of Technology by the Poor......Page 140
Box A4.5 Group-Based Aquaculture Models in Bangladesh......Page 141
Box A4.6 Capital Movement and Environmental Controls......Page 147
Table A5.2 Aquaculture Export Earnings in Some Developing Countries of Asia, 2003......Page 155
Figure 1.1 Aquaculture Production by Developed and Developing Countries......Page 36
Figure 1.2 Global Population and Fish Food Supply from Fish Capture and Culture......Page 37
Figure 2.1 Antibiotics and Salmon Production in Norway......Page 53
Figure A4.1 Growth in Fisheries Employment in China, 1974–2000......Page 131
Figure A4.2 Changing Fortunes—Shrimp Aquaculture Production by Selected Producers......Page 146
Figure A5.1 Real Production Costs and Sale Prices of Farmed Atlantic Salmon......Page 160
Figure A5.2 Aquaculture Production of Aquatic Animals by Main Species and Trophic Groups......Page 161
Figure A5.4 Growing Dominance of the Innovators: Global Atlantic Salmon Production......Page 162
Figure A5.5 Global Aquaculture Production......Page 164
Figure A6.1 Schematic Diagram of an Integrated Commercial Farm in Israel......Page 166
Figure A6.2 Generic Representation of a Range of Low- and High-Trophic-Level Aquaculture Production Systems......Page 168
Table 1.2 Top 10 Producer Countries by Quantity and by Unit Value in 2004......Page 35
Table 1.3 World Bank Projects with Aquaculture Components......Page 40
Table 1.4 Recent IFC Aquaculture Loans by Region......Page 41
Table 2.1 Environmental Costs and Benefits of Aquaculture......Page 43
Table 2.2 Table-Certified Cultured Fish Products in EU Supermarkets......Page 55
Table 3.1 Changes in Prices and Production for Genetically Improved Species......Page 60
Table 3.2 Responses to Selection for Growth Rate......Page 63
Table 4.1 Characterization of Aquaculture Development Pathways in Asia......Page 78
Table A3.1 Portfolio of World Bank Projects with an Aquaculture Component......Page 123
Table A3.2 IFC Aquaculture Projects 1992–2006......Page 126
Table A4.1 Annual Income by Stakeholder Group within the Bangladesh Shrimp Industry......Page 138
Table A5.3 Top 40 Aquaculture Producer Nations, 2004......Page 156
Table A5.4 Projections of Food Fish Demand......Page 158
Table A5.5 Total Per Capita Food Fish Supply by Continent and Economic Grouping in 2001......Page 159
Table A5.7 Production by Major African Aquaculture Producers......Page 163
Table A6.1 Ecological Footprints of Aquaculture Systems......Page 167