Changing Structure Of Mexico: Political, Social, And Economic Prospects (Columbia University Seminar Series)

Contents......Page 5
Boxes, Figures, Maps, and Tables......Page 9
Acronyms......Page 13
Contributors......Page 15
I Introduction and Overview......Page 19
Modernization in an International Context......Page 21
Domestic Economic Policy in an International Context......Page 22
Migration......Page 27
Transformation of Political Institutions and Policies......Page 28
Mexico: One Nation or Three?......Page 33
The Justice System and Human Rights......Page 35
Notes......Page 36
2 Ideologies and Values......Page 37
Constructing and Deconstructing Ideologies and the Value System......Page 39
Tracking the Acceleration of Value Change in the Last Twenty Years......Page 41
Distribution of Values by Age, Party, Education, Region, and Town Size......Page 43
Final Remarks......Page 48
References......Page 49
3 Problems of Political Consolidation in Mexico......Page 50
The Mexican State at the End of the Twentieth Century: From One Weakness to Another, 1982–2000......Page 52
Conclusion......Page 62
References......Page 63
II Current Policy Issues......Page 65
4 Mexican Foreign Policy......Page 67
The Foundations of Mexican Foreign Policy......Page 68
Foreign Policy Activism......Page 69
Transitioning to a New Foreign Policy......Page 71
Mexico’s New Foreign Policy......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 74
References......Page 75
5 Mexico’s Foreign Economic Policy......Page 76
The Current Policy Configuration......Page 77
Looking Ahead......Page 81
References......Page 83
6 The Mexican Economy......Page 85
The Evolution of the Mexican Economy: An Overview......Page 86
Results of an Economic Transformation......Page 99
Future Challenges......Page 104
References......Page 107
Introduction: The National Context......Page 109
The Regional Context......Page 110
Growth Theories......Page 117
Public Investment......Page 118
Concluding Remarks: The Absence of a Comprehensive Regional Policy......Page 130
Notes......Page 133
References......Page 134
8 NAFTA-Driven Changes in the Regional Pattern of Economic Growth in Mexico......Page 137
A Brief Analytical Framework......Page 138
The Regional Pattern of Economic Growth Under NAFTA......Page 140
The Linkage Between Foreign Direct Investment and Export Growth......Page 143
The Factors Behind Regional Manufacturing Change in the NAFTA Era......Page 150
Conclusion......Page 153
Notes......Page 154
References......Page 156
9 Changes in Determinants of Tax Policy......Page 158
An Explanation of Mexican Tax Administration......Page 164
Changes After the Defeat of the PRI......Page 169
Notes......Page 174
References......Page 175
10 Changing Constraints of Monetary Policy......Page 177
Deregulation and Capital Flows......Page 180
Financial Reform and NAFTA......Page 185
Banking Crisis and Monetary Policy......Page 187
Foreign Banks and Financing......Page 190
Summary and Conclusion......Page 191
References......Page 192
11 Mexico’s Public Sector Debt and Debt Management......Page 194
Mexico at the Forefront of Debt Problems......Page 196
Debt No Longer a Forefront Concern......Page 198
Withering Foreign Debt......Page 199
Has the Debt Problem Really Withered Away?......Page 200
A More Comprehensive Debt Concept......Page 201
Remaining Vulnerabilities......Page 204
Debt Benchmarks......Page 206
Concluding Remarks......Page 207
References......Page 213
12 Changing Patterns in Mexican Science and Technology Policy (1990–2003)......Page 215
The Transition of Science and Technology Policy: Concepts and Budget......Page 218
Institutional Reengineering: The “National System of S&T”......Page 221
Illustrating the Transition in Two Representative Institutions......Page 222
Conclusion: The Challenge Remains the Same......Page 225
References......Page 227
III Changes in Sectors......Page 229
13 The Reshaping of Agricultural Policy in Mexico......Page 231
The Structure of Mexico’s Rural Economy and Major Reforms......Page 232
Evolution of the Rural Sector: 1980–2002/3......Page 243
The Political Economy of Agricultural Reforms......Page 249
Notes......Page 250
References......Page 251
14 Mexican Oil, Gas, Electricity Generation, and Energy Consumption......Page 254
The Mexican Energy System......Page 255
Projected Future Energy Demand......Page 267
Institutional (Legal) Changes to Increase Investment......Page 275
The Changing Legal Framework: An Update......Page 277
Conclusion......Page 279
Notes......Page 280
Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 281
Units of Measure......Page 282
References......Page 283
15 Industrial Development and Technology Policy......Page 285
How Many Maquiladoras Are There, Where Are They, and What Do They Do?......Page 286
Maquiladoras as a Strategic Element of Mexican Industrial Policy (1989–2001)......Page 290
Technology and Industrial Learning......Page 291
The Impact of NAFTA......Page 292
Prospects......Page 293
Notes......Page 294
References......Page 295
16 Principally Women......Page 296
Engendering Leadership in Schools......Page 301
Engendering Teaching......Page 308
Notes......Page 310
References......Page 311
IV Resources and the Environment......Page 313
17 The Environment......Page 315
Institutional Capacity......Page 316
On How an Already Obsolete Paradigm Could Complicate Compliance With a Necessary Public Policy: The Case of Water......Page 326
Other Undesirable Impacts of Development: Soil Pollution......Page 332
Urban Expansion, Transportation, and Air Pollution......Page 339
A Complex Appropriate Task Network to Control Air Emissions......Page 342
References......Page 344
Web sites:......Page 347
18 Beyond Islands?......Page 348
Sustainable Agriculture......Page 350
Community Forest Management......Page 353
Ecotourism......Page 354
References......Page 356
19 Flowing Uphill Toward Money......Page 359
Free Trade and Water Reforms......Page 361
Ejidal Producers, Water Management, and Free Trade: Cases From Northern Irrigation Districts......Page 365
Implications and Conclusion......Page 372
Notes......Page 373
References......Page 374
V Legal, Political, and Social Change......Page 377
20 The Justice System......Page 379
The Mexican Justice System and Its Difficult Transformation......Page 380
The Mexican Judiciaries......Page 382
Judicial Reform......Page 393
The Mexican Military......Page 394
Mexico’s Human Rights: Justice’s Never-Ending Story......Page 396
Notes......Page 398
References......Page 401
21 Institutionalizing Mexico’s New Democracy......Page 402
The Bases of Mexican Authoritarianism......Page 404
The Record of Political Reform......Page 407
Developments in the Political Parties......Page 410
Divided Government......Page 415
Creeping Federalism......Page 418
The New Federalism......Page 420
Conclusion......Page 421
References......Page 422
22 The Political Participation of Women in Contemporary Mexico, 1980–2000......Page 424
The Condition of Mexican Women and Their Political Participation......Page 425
The Background of Increased Women’s Participation in Politics......Page 427
The Development of the Women’s Movement......Page 429
Is Mobilization to Obtain Representation in Formal Politics Enough?......Page 435
References......Page 440
23 Religion, Church, and State in Contemporary Mexico......Page 442
Historical Background......Page 444
The Religious Panorama in the Year 2000......Page 448
The Churches and the Secular State in the Current Political Transition......Page 450
The “New Relation”: What Is Desirable and What Is Feasible......Page 452
Religion and the Secular State in Twenty-first–Century Mexico......Page 453
References......Page 454
24 Mexican Labor in a Context of Political, Social, and Economic Change, 1982–2002......Page 456
The Macroeconomic Scenario: 1982–2002......Page 457
Impacts of Economic and Labor Market Changes on the Labor Relations System......Page 460
Corporatism in the Late 1990s: Continuity or Breakup?......Page 464
Challenges to the Labor Movement on the Shop Floor......Page 465
Conclusion......Page 469
References......Page 470
25 Mexico-U.S. Migration Economic Effects and Policy Impact......Page 472
Overview of Mexico–U.S. Migration......Page 474
The U.S. Policy Response to Rising Illegal Immigration from Mexico......Page 475
What Drives Mexico–U.S. Migration......Page 476
Economic Effects of Migration on Mexico and the United States......Page 477
Implications for Immigration Policy......Page 479
References......Page 481
26 Understanding Mexican Philanthropy......Page 482
Business Foundations......Page 483
Community Foundations......Page 484
Regulation and Philanthropy......Page 485
Law of Promotion for Nonprofit Organizations......Page 486
The Media and Philanthropy......Page 487
Professionalization......Page 488
Networks......Page 489
Government and Philanthropy......Page 490
Notes......Page 491
References......Page 492
27 The Health of Women in Mexico......Page 493
Mexican Women’s Health in the Global Context......Page 494
Conclusion......Page 503
References......Page 504
28 Nongovernmental Organizations and the Changing Structure of Mexican Politics......Page 507
Recent Development of NGOs in Mexico......Page 509
Environmentalist NGOs and Networks......Page 510
Human Rights NGOs......Page 513
Concluding Remarks......Page 516
Notes......Page 517
References......Page 518
29 Change and Continuity in Attention to Poverty in Mexico......Page 519
The National Revolutionary Model (1940–1982)......Page 521
The Change in the Development Model, 1983–2004......Page 524
Decentralization and Democracy, 1995–......Page 528
Conclusion......Page 534
References......Page 536
Index......Page 539
About the Editor......Page 567