Cerebral Ischemia and Calcium

Front Matter....Pages I-XV
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Academic Hemianopia and the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease....Pages 3-6
The Classification of Calcium Antagonists....Pages 7-15
Pharmacological Activities of Calcium Antagonists: Therapeutic Applications and Adverse Reactions....Pages 16-28
Cellular Movements and Distribution of Calcium....Pages 29-36
Front Matter....Pages 37-37
New Methods for Topographical Imaging of Physiologically Defined Boundary Zones in Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 39-43
Experimental Hypoglycemia: Correlation Between EEG Abnormalities and Structural Alterations....Pages 44-51
Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability to Micromolecules After Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 52-59
Mediation of Platelet and Coagulation Events by Blood Flow: Basic Mechanisms of Thrombosis in Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 60-68
Altered Cerebral Collaterals and Protection from Infarction....Pages 69-78
Physical Activity Determines Survival of Mongolian Gerbils from Forebrain Ischemia....Pages 79-82
Immunocytochemical Studies on Some Brain Regions in a Rat Model of Incomplete Cerebral Ischemia. Relationship to Behavior and Aging....Pages 83-96
Effects of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia on Peptide Neuronal Populations in Different Brain Regions and on Behavioral Performances in Rats....Pages 97-104
Related Responses Between Dopamine Synapses and Astrocytes in the Rat Striatum After Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Morphometric and Microdensitometric Study....Pages 105-110
The Effects of Transient and Long-Term Ischemia on Tissue PO 2 in the Brain Cortex....Pages 111-119
Vasomotor Response and Blood-Brain Barrier Function of Rat Brain Studied in a Closed Cranial Window Preparation....Pages 120-123
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow After Cryoinjury of the Rabbit Brain....Pages 124-128
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Calcium Antagonists in Brain Ischemia — Experimental Observations....Pages 131-138
In Vivo Fluorometric Measurement of Changes in Cytosolic Free Calcium from the Cat Cortex During Anoxia, Ischemia, and Postischemic Reperfusion....Pages 139-149
Calcium Antagonists and a Rapid Shift of Water from Extracellular to Intracellular Space After Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 150-154
A Fluorometric Technique for the In Vivo Measurement of Intracellular Calcium....Pages 155-161
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Calcium Movements in Brain During Failure of Energy Metabolism....Pages 162-168
Glutamate Antagonism as a Pharmacological Approach to Prevent Calcium Influx in Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 169-176
Calcium Antagonists and Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 177-186
Effect of Calcium Antagonists on Cerebral Blood Flow, Protein Synthesis, and Histopathology After Global Ischemia of Gerbil Brain....Pages 187-195
The Effects of a Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonist on Cerebral Blood Flow with and without Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion....Pages 196-205
Nimodipine Binding in Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 206-209
Calcium Overload and Brain Damage in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Prevention by Nimodipine and by Parathyroidectomy....Pages 210-214
Neurotransmitters and Calcium During Hypoxia....Pages 215-222
Protective Effects of Calcium Antagonists Against Brain Damage Caused by Ischemia....Pages 223-231
Ultrastructural Calcium Cytochemistry in the Study of Ischemic Brain Injury....Pages 232-239
Roles of Calcium-Activated Enzymic Reactions in Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury....Pages 240-244
The Effects of Experimental Anoxia on Glycolysis, Energy Status, Cytosolic Free Calcium, and Glutamate Release from Isolated Nerve Terminals....Pages 245-256
Ionized Free Calcium Concentration and Deformability in Platelets....Pages 257-265
Calcium 45 Accumulation in the Dentate Hilus: Possible Effect of NMDA Receptor Blockers....Pages 266-273
Vascular and Direct Effects on Cerebral Energy Metabolism of Emopamil....Pages 274-281
Cytoprotective Characteristics of Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonists in a Rat Model of Stroke: Implications for Clinical Trials....Pages 282-291
Effect of Diltiazem on the Cortical Microcirculation in Acutely Produced Cerebral Ischemia in Cats....Pages 292-298
Comparison of the Effects of Flunarizine and Nimodipine on Cerebral and Temporal Arteries with Comments on Their Clinical Use in Cerebrovascular Disorders....Pages 299-306
The Effect of Calcium Antagonists in Experimental Atherosclerosis, the Underlying Cause of Heart and Cerebral Vascular Diseases....Pages 307-312
Thrombosis on Stenosis: Mechanisms of Thrombus Growth and Embolization on Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques....Pages 313-322
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Suppression of Brain and Adrenal Gland Arteriosclerosis by Calcium Antagonism in Hypertensive Rats (Skelton Hypertension)....Pages 323-327
Extracellular Ion Activities During Ischemia and Reperfusion of the Rat Brain: Influences of Drugs....Pages 328-336
Front Matter....Pages 337-337
Density of Functioning Cerebral Capillaries in Stroke Patients, Determined by PET....Pages 339-349
Nimodipine Clinical Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke....Pages 350-357
Nimodipine in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Controlled Trial....Pages 358-361
Calcium Blocker Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke....Pages 362-366
A Pilot Study of Nicardipine for Acute Ischemic Stroke. The Nicardipine Study Group....Pages 367-372
An Open Study with Intravenous Application of Flunarizine in Acute Stroke....Pages 373-377
CBF Decreases in Ischemic Areas After Calcium Antagonist Treatment in Acute Stroke....Pages 378-383
The Effect of Nimodipine on ICP and CBF in the Awake Patient....Pages 384-388
Front Matter....Pages 389-389
Calcium Entry Blockers in Migraine: The State of the Art....Pages 391-397
Nimodipine, a Calcium Entry Blocker, Platelets, and Migraine....Pages 398-402
Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks with Intravenous Flunarizine....Pages 403-409
Treatment of Migraine and Cluster Headache with Calcium Antagonists....Pages 410-418
Calcium Entry Blockers in Migraine Prophylaxis — A Critical Review of Therapeutic Trials....Pages 419-425
Front Matter....Pages 427-427
Calcium, Neuronal Hyperexcitability, and Ischemic Neuronal Injury....Pages 429-439
Calcium Accumulation in Ischemia and Seizures: Cause or Result of Cell Death?....Pages 440-448
Aspects of Calcium Ions in Cortical Spreading Depression....Pages 449-457
Depression of Focal and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Epileptic Activity by the Organic Calcium Antagonist Verapamil....Pages 458-461
Flunarizine, a Useful Adjuvant for Therapy-Resistant Epilepsy Patients....Pages 462-469
Front Matter....Pages 427-427
Review of Flunarizine in Epilepsy....Pages 470-479
Front Matter....Pages 481-481
The Effects of Flunarizine on Survival Following Prolonged Cerebral Ischemia in the Gerbil....Pages 483-493
Cerebroprotective Effects of a Parenteral Flunarizine Formulation....Pages 494-500
Studies on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of a Calcium Blocker After Global Ischemia....Pages 501-508
Calcium Antagonists in Acute Cerebral Damage: Therapy or Risk for the Brain?....Pages 509-518
Front Matter....Pages 519-519
Calcium Channel Blockade in Cerebral Vasospasm....Pages 521-526
Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage — The Efficacy of Nimodipine as Therapy....Pages 527-546
Treatment of Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Intraarterial Perfusion with Nimodipine....Pages 547-555
Effect of Nimodipine on CO 2 Reactivity of Patients with Normal and Spastic Basal Cerebral Arteries: A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Study....Pages 556-562
Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Oral Nimodipine: Preliminary Report of the British Aneurysm Trial....Pages 563-567
Front Matter....Pages 569-569
Impaired Calcium Homeostasis and Calcium Antagonists in Muscle Diseases....Pages 571-578
Back Matter....Pages 579-588