Centrifugal pumps : design & application

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
Part 1: Elements of Pump Design......Page 16
Differential Head Required......Page 18
Shape of Head Capacity Curve......Page 19
Pump Speed......Page 21
Specific Gravit......Page 22
Construction......Page 23
Pump Selection......Page 25
Definition of Pump Specific Speed and Suction Specific Speed......Page 26
The Affinity Law......Page 27
Specific Speed Charts......Page 29
Correction for Impeller Trim......Page 33
Model Law......Page 34
Factoring Laws......Page 36
3 Impeller Design......Page 43
Impeller Layout......Page 52
Design Suggestions......Page 54
4 General Pump Design......Page 60
Performance Chart......Page 61
5 Volute Design......Page 65
Types of Volute Designs......Page 67
General Design Considerations......Page 71
6 Design of Multi-Stage Casing......Page 80
General Considerations in Crossover Design......Page 82
Specific Crossover Designs......Page 85
Crossovers with Radial Diffusing Sections......Page 86
Mechanical Suggestions......Page 87
Double-Suction Pump Design......Page 92
Side Suction and Suction Nozzle Layout......Page 94
Establishing NPSHA......Page 100
Predicting NPSHR......Page 102
Moderate Speed Pumps......Page 103
High Speed Pumps......Page 105
Effect of Viscosity......Page 118
Part 2: Applications......Page 126
9 Vertical Pumps......Page 128
Design Features......Page 146
Pump Vibration......Page 151
Pipeline Pumps......Page 154
Waterflood Pumps......Page 179
CO[sub(2)] Pumps......Page 181
11 High Speed Pumps......Page 188
History and Description of an Unconventional Pump Type......Page 190
Terminology......Page 193
Partial Emission Formulae......Page 194
Specific Speed......Page 196
Suction Specific Speed......Page 200
Inducers......Page 202
Partial Emission Design Evolution......Page 206
Design Configuration Options......Page 211
Other High-Speed Considerations......Page 215
Configurations......Page 221
Design Feature......Page 225
Double-Case Pump Rotordynamic Analysis......Page 234
Comparison of Diffuser Casings with Volute Casings......Page 237
Slurry Abrasivity......Page 241
Pump Materials to Resist Abrasive Wear......Page 243
Specific Speed and Wear......Page 247
Areas of Wear......Page 249
14 Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines......Page 261
Selection Process......Page 263
Turbine Performance Prediction......Page 266
Optimizing and Adjusting Performance Characteristics......Page 269
Design Features (Hydraulic and Mechanical)......Page 271
Performance Testing......Page 286
Operation and Control Equipment......Page 294
ANSI Pumps......Page 298
General Construction......Page 305
Frame......Page 312
Bearing Housing......Page 313
Bedplates......Page 319
Other Types of Chemical Pumps......Page 320
Nonmetallic Pumps......Page 324
General Construction of Nonmetallic Pumps......Page 332
Nonmetalic Immersion Sump Pumps......Page 336
Processes......Page 338
Part 3: Mechenical Design......Page 346
Shaft Design......Page 348
Axial Thrust......Page 358
17 Mechanical Seals......Page 369
Theory of Operation......Page 370
Design Fundamentals......Page 375
Seal Leakage......Page 385
Seal Wear......Page 386
Classification of Seals by Arrangement......Page 388
Classification of Seals by Design......Page 390
Materials of Construction......Page 394
Mating Ring Designs......Page 396
Adaptive Hardware......Page 398
Upstream Pumping......Page 401
Mechanical Seals for Chemical Service......Page 402
Mechanical Seals for Refinery Service......Page 404
Light Hydrocarbon Service......Page 405
Mechanical Seal Installation and Troubleshootin......Page 416
Introduction......Page 437
Sources of Pump Noise......Page 438
Causes of Vibrations......Page 439
Rotordynamic Analysis......Page 456
Diagnosis of Pump Vibration Problems......Page 484
Acoustic Velocity of Liquids......Page 501
Part 4: Extending Pump Life......Page 510
Why Bother With Precise Alignment?......Page 512
Causes of Misalignment......Page 513
Pre-Alignment Steps......Page 522
Methods of Primary Alignment Measurement......Page 526
Jig Posts......Page 531
Thermal Growth......Page 534
20 Rolling Element Bearings and Lubrication......Page 539
Oil Versus Grease......Page 540
Oil Characteristics......Page 541
General Lubricant Considerations......Page 544
Application Limits for Greases......Page 548
Life-Time Lubricated, "Sealed" Bearings......Page 0
Applications of Liquid Lubricants in Pumps......Page 551
Oil Bath Lubrication......Page 552
Oil Mist Lubrication......Page 554
Selecting Rolling Element Bearings for Reduced Failure Risk......Page 560
Magnetic Shaft Seals in the Lubrication Environment......Page 564
21 Mechanical Seal Reliability......Page 571
Failure Analysis......Page 572
Seal Hardware Failures......Page 574
Seal Failures from Installation Problems......Page 576
Seal Failures Related to Pump Hardware......Page 578
Seal Failures Caused by Pump Repair and installation......Page 579
Seal Failures Caused by Pump Operation......Page 580
Reliability......Page 582
B......Page 584
C......Page 585
H......Page 586
I......Page 587
N......Page 588
S......Page 589
V......Page 590
W......Page 592