Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 20: Organ Function, Maintenance, Repair in Health and Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1436)

Preface
Contents
Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Current Status and Future Prospects
	1 Introduction
	2 Strategies to Generate Cardiomyocytes from Different Cells
		2.1 Cardiomyocytes Derived from Cardiac Progenitor Cells
		2.2 Cardiomyocytes Derived from Adult Stem Cells
		2.3 Cardiomyocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
		2.4 Direct Cardiac Reprogramming Strategies to Derive Cardiomyocytes
			2.4.1 Direct Cardiac Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts
			2.4.2 Direct Cardiac Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts
	3 Prospects and Challenges
	4 Conclusion
	References
Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches in Genetic Diseases
	1 Introduction
	2 Conventional Stem Cell Therapies in Genetic Disease
	3 New Generation of Stem Cell-Based Genetic Therapy
		3.1 Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs)
		3.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
		3.3 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)
		3.4 Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
		3.5 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
	4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Gene Therapeutic Delivery to the Salivary Glands
	1 Introduction to Gene Delivery Methods
		1.1 Germline Genetic Approach
		1.2 Somatic Cell Genetic Approach
	2 Types of Genes/Vectors in Salivary Gland Gene Transfer
		2.1 Viral Vector-Based Transmission
		2.2 Non-viral-Based Transmission
	3 Gene Therapies on Targeted Salivary Glands
	4 The Application of Genetic Therapeutic Delivery in Salivary Gland Regeneration
		4.1 Radiation Injury
		4.2 Sjogren´s Syndrome
		4.3 Systemic and Endocrinal Applications
	5 Conclusion
	References
Cancer Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Usage
	1 Introduction
	2 Reprogramming into CSCs
	3 The Contribution of CSCs to Therapy Resistance and Cancer Relapse
	4 Therapeutic Targeting of CSCs
	5 Conclusion
	References
Rafting on the Plasma Membrane: Lipid Rafts in Signaling and Disease
	1 The Compartments of the Plasma Membrane as Organizers of Cellular Signaling
	2 Characterization of Lipid Rafts
	3 Lipid Rafts in Normal Physiology
	4 Proliferation
	5 Apoptosis
	6 Immune Signaling
	7 Lipid Rafts in Development and Stem Cell Biology
	8 Lipid Rafts in Cancer and Metastasis
	9 Caveolae
	10 Compartmentalized Signaling Through Caveolae
	11 Caveolae in Cancer
	12 Concluding Remarks
	References
Sounding a New Era in Biomechanics with Acoustic Force Spectroscopy
	1 Introduction
	2 Principles of the AFS Operation
	3 Experimental Setup and Analysis
		3.1 Resonance Frequency
		3.2 Temperature
		3.3 Microsphere Coating
		3.4 Microsphere Tracking
		3.5 Determining Viscoelasticity
	4 Applications: Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
		4.1 Measuring DNA Binding Activity
		4.2 Measuring Non-adherent Cells
		4.3 Measuring Cell Adhesion Strength
		4.4 Measuring Adherent Cells
	5 Conclusions
	References
Drug Therapeutics Delivery to the Salivary Glands: Intraglandular and Intraductal Injections
	1 Introduction
	2 Intraglandular (IG) Injection for Drug Delivery
		2.1 Methods
			2.1.1 IG Non-surgical Transcutaneous Approach
		2.2 Targeted Glands
		2.3 Drugs and Agents Used
		2.4 Safety and Efficacy of IG Injection
	3 Intraductal (ID) Drug Delivery
		3.1 Method
		3.2 Type of Drugs and Therapeutic Applications
		3.3 Efficiency and Limitations
	References
Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy: What We Know and What We Need to Know
	1 Introduction
	2 History and Variations of NPWT
	3 Principal Mechanisms of NPWT
		3.1 Macrodeformation
		3.2 Microdeformation
		3.3 Fluid Removal
		3.4 Stabilization of the Wound Environment
	4 Secondary Effects of NPWT
		4.1 Cellular Responses
		4.2 Immune Responses
		4.3 Angiogenesis and Tissue Blood Flow
		4.4 Granulation Tissue Formation
		4.5 Reepithelialization and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
		4.6 Osteogenesis
		4.7 Nerve Regeneration
		4.8 Effects on Bacterial Load
		4.9 Effects on Tumorigenesis
		4.10 Effects on Operative Wounds
	5 Drawbacks of NPWT
		5.1 Complications
		5.2 Contraindications
	6 Final Remarks
	References
Vitamin A Deficiency, COVID-19, and Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis (Black Fungus): An Analytical Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Mucormycosis, COVID-19, and Vitamin A Deficiency
		2.1 Mucormycosis Superinfection in COVID-19
		2.2 Depletion of Vitamin A in COVID-19 Infection
		2.3 Role of Vitamin A in Immunity and Inflammation
		2.4 Role of Vitamin A in Eye Health
		2.5 Vitamin A Deficiency in Measles and Eye Involvement
		2.6 Vitamin A Deficiency in Chronic Diseases and COVID-19
	3 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Treatment Strategies for Multiple Myeloma Treatment and the Role of High-Throughput Screening for Precision Cancer Therapy
	1 Introduction
	2 Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Multiple Myeloma
	3 Cytogenetics of Multiple Myeloma
	4 Multiple Myeloma Clonal Expansion
	5 Genes Expression and Signalling
	6 Heterogeneity in Multiple Myeloma: The Role of Bone Marrow Microenvironment
	7 Extracellular Matrix
	8 Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells
	9 Cytokines
	10 Immunomodulatory Cells
	11 Epigenetics in Multiple Myeloma
	12 Multiple Myeloma Treatment Strategies
	13 Alkylating Agents
	14 Glucocorticoids
	15 Antitumour Antibiotics (Anthracyclines)
	16 Protease Inhibitors
	17 Immunomodulatory Agents
	18 Monoclonal Antibodies
	19 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
	20 Stem Cell Transplantation
	21 Cancer Vaccines
	22 CAR T Cell Therapy
	23 Precision Medicine Approach: The Role of High-Throughput Screening
	24 Future Perspectives and Conclusion
	References
Index