Carbonate sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy

Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy......Page 1
======================......Page 0
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 7
Present Surface Circulation of the Oceans......Page 9
Distribution of Temperature, Salinity, Nutrients and Light in the Surface Waters......Page 11
Essentials of Carbonate Mineralogy and Chemistry......Page 14
Law of Sigmoidal Growth......Page 16
Food Chains, Nutrient Levels......Page 17
Species Diversity and Environment......Page 18
From Oceanography, Chemistry and Biology to Geology......Page 19
Abiotic Marine Carbonate Precipitation......Page 21
Biotically Controlled Precipitation......Page 22
Precipitation Modes in Comparison......Page 28
T Factory......Page 29
Sedimentation Rates and Growth Potential of the Three Factories......Page 32
Erosion......Page 33
Chemical Erosion......Page 36
Bioerosion......Page 39
Sea Cliffs......Page 42
Carbonate Rocks - Their Description and Classification......Page 43
Basic Trends in Geometry of Carbonate Accumulations......Page 47
Localised Accumulations......Page 48
Slope, Rise, Basin Floor......Page 51
Slope Curvature......Page 53
Geometry of T, C and M Factories......Page 55
The Empty Bucket......Page 59
Unda, Clino and Fondo Enviroments......Page 63
Facies Patterns - From Ramp to Rimmed Platform......Page 64
Discription of the Standard Facies Belts......Page 65
Carbonate Facies of Epeiric Seas......Page 71
Terrestial Exposure......Page 75
Enviromental Messages from Organisms......Page 76
Siliciclastics and Evaporites in Carbonate Facies......Page 77
Autocycles......Page 81
Orbital Rhythms......Page 82
Long Oscillations in the Ocean-Atmosphere System......Page 87
Biotic Evolution......Page 88
Sequence and Sequence Boundary......Page 91
System Tracts......Page 94
Stratigraphic Time Lines and Seismic Reflections......Page 97
Unconformities in Outcrop and Seismic Data......Page 98
Sea Level......Page 99
Accomodation and Sediment Supply - A Dual Control of Stratigraphic Sequences......Page 102
Critique of the Concept of Orders in the Standard Model......Page 104
Fractals - An Alternative to Orders in Sequence Stratigraphy......Page 106
Support of the Fractal Nature of Sequences......Page 107
Purpose and Scope of the Fractal Model......Page 108
Origin of Sequences......Page 109
Importance of Platform Rims......Page 113
System Tracts in T Carbonates and their Control by Accommodation and Production......Page 115
Sea-Level Movements Deduced from Seismic Images of Carbonite Platforms......Page 116
Shoal-Water Facies of T-Factory System Tracts......Page 117
Systems-Tract Facies of Modern Bahamas and Florida......Page 118
The Testimony of Ancient System Tracts......Page 122
Rules of Thumb on System Tracts and Facies......Page 123
Highstand Shedding......Page 124
Megabreccias and Sea Level......Page 127
Sequence Boundary......Page 129
Pseudo-Unconformities......Page 134
Siliciclastics and Evaporites in Carbonate Sequences......Page 138
Northwestern Bahamas......Page 141
Late Miocene of Mallorca......Page 145
The Sequence Stratigraphy of Gradual Change......Page 148
High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonates......Page 152
Sequence Facies and Bounding Surface......Page 155
Geometry of System Tracts......Page 157
Sequence Stratigraphy of the C Factory in Deep-Water Environments......Page 158
Sequence Anatomy and Bounding Surfaces......Page 160
9: Looking Back, Moving Forward......Page 165
Appendix A: Fractals......Page 169
Diffusion Equation for Sediment Dispersal......Page 173
Carbonate Production Functions......Page 175
Carbonate Production......Page 176
Additional Options......Page 177
Origin of the Seismic Reflections......Page 179
Synthetic Seismic Traces and Seismic Models of Outcrops......Page 180
Seismic Resolution......Page 181
Seismic Attributes......Page 182
References......Page 183
Subject Index......Page 202
First Author Index......Page 206