Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies

Cover......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 4
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright......Page 7
Table of Contents......Page 8
Contributors......Page 14
Acknowledgment......Page 16
Preface......Page 18
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.2 Crystalline Forms of Carbon......Page 24
1.3 The Phase and Transition Diagram for Carbon......Page 33
1.4 Carbon Films......Page 35
1.5 Carbon Nanoparticles......Page 39
1.6 Engineering Carbons......Page 41
1.7 Concluding Remarks......Page 49
1.9 References......Page 50
2.1 Introduction......Page 56
2.2 Fullerenes and Fullerene-Based Solids......Page 58
2.3 Carbon Nanotubes......Page 82
2.4 Applications......Page 105
2.6 References......Page 108
3.1 Introduction......Page 116
3.2 Background......Page 117
3.3 Applications of Active Carbon Fibers......Page 122
3.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 131
3.6 References......Page 132
4.2 Processing Carbon Fibers from Polyacrylonitrile......Page 140
4.3 Carbon Fibers from Mesophase Pitch......Page 144
4.5 Carbon Fiber Property Comparison......Page 154
4.6 Current Areas for High Performance Carbon Fiber Research......Page 155
4.8 References......Page 156
5.1 Introduction......Page 160
5.2 Current Forms......Page 163
5.3 Fiber Properties......Page 165
5.4 Composite Properties......Page 167
5.5 Potential Applications......Page 179
5.6 Manufacturing Issues......Page 181
5.7 Conclusions......Page 185
5.8 References......Page 186
6.2 Manufacture......Page 190
6.3 Carbon Bonded Carbon Fiber......Page 194
6.4 Damage Tolerant Light Absorbing Materials......Page 202
6.5 Carbon Fiber Composite Molecular Sieves......Page 204
6.6 Summary and Conclusions......Page 221
6.8 References......Page 222
7.1 Review of Coal-Derived Carbons......Page 226
7.2 Solvent Extraction of Coal......Page 232
7.3 Preparation and Characteristics of Cokes Produced from Solvent Extraction......Page 244
7.4 Preparation and Evaluation of Graphite from Coal-Derived Feedstocks......Page 250
7.7 References......Page 254
8.1 Background......Page 256
8.2 Activated Carbon......Page 260
8.3 Vehicle Fuel Vapor Systems......Page 265
8.4 Adsorption......Page 267
8.5 Carbon Canister Design......Page 273
8.6 Application of Canisters in Running Loss Emission Control......Page 278
8.7 Application of Canisters in ORVR Control......Page 284
8.8 Summary and Conclusions......Page 286
8.9 References......Page 287
9.1 Introduction......Page 290
9.2 Storage of Natural Gas......Page 295
9.3 Adsorbents......Page 301
9.4 Adsorbent Fill-Empty Testing......Page 314
9.5 Guard Beds......Page 315
9.6 Summary......Page 319
9.7 References......Page 320
10.1 Why Adsorption Cycles?......Page 324
10.2 The Basic Adsorption Cycle......Page 327
10.3 Basic Cycle Analysis and Results......Page 334
10.4 Choice of Refrigerant - Adsorbent Pairs......Page 340
10.5 Improving Cost Effectiveness......Page 343
10.7 References......Page 360
11.1 Introduction......Page 362
11.2 Useful Characterization Methods......Page 368
11.3 Graphitic Carbons......Page 374
11.4 Hydrogen-Containing Carbons from Pyrolyzed Organic Precursors......Page 379
11.5 Microporous Carbons from Pyrolyzed Hard-Carbon Precursors......Page 396
11.6 Carbons Used in Commercial Applications......Page 405
11.7 References......Page 406
12.1 Introduction......Page 410
12.2 The Advantages of Carbon as a Plasma-Facing Component......Page 415
12.3 Irradiation Effects on Thermophysical Properties of Graphite and Composites......Page 421
12.4 Plasma Wall Interactions......Page 433
12.5 Tritium Retention in Graphite......Page 441
12.7 Acknowledgments......Page 445
12.8 References......Page 446
13.1 The Role of Carbon Materials in Fission Reactors......Page 450
13.2 Graphite Moderated Power Producing Reactors......Page 459
13.3 Radiation Damage in Graphite......Page 479
13.4 Radiolytic Oxidation......Page 490
13.5 Other Applications of Carbon in Fission Reactors......Page 494
13.6 Summary and Conclusions......Page 498
13.8 References......Page 499
14.1 Introduction......Page 506
14.2 Studies and Models of Fracture Processes in Graphite......Page 507
14.3 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Behavior of Graphite......Page 512
14.4 Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics Behavior of Graphite......Page 518
14.5 Fracture Behavior of Small Flaws in Nuclear Graphites......Page 524
14.6 The Burchell Fracture Model......Page 536
14.7 Summary and Conclusions......Page 551
14.8 Acknowledgments......Page 552
14.9 References......Page 553
Index......Page 556
Back Cover......Page 566