Cancer stem cells

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
1 Purification and characterization of cancer stem cells......Page 13
Identification of CSC......Page 14
Side populations......Page 15
Cell surface markers......Page 16
Culture of nonadherent spheres......Page 17
Tumorigenicity......Page 18
Self-renewal......Page 19
In vitro renewal of CSCs......Page 20
Acknowledgments......Page 21
REFERENCES......Page 22
Stem Cells, Progenitor Cells, and Differentiated Cells......Page 27
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)......Page 28
The Prostate and Prostatic Stem/Progenitor Cells......Page 30
Prostate CSCs......Page 33
Self-Renewal Machinery and the Molecular Mechanisms Regulating CSC Cell Fate......Page 35
Conclusion and Significance......Page 37
REFERENCES......Page 38
Background and Definitions......Page 43
Physiologic Maintenance of Melanocytes in Skin and Hair Follicle: The Adult Melanocyte Stem Cell......Page 44
Evidence for a Melanoma Stem Cell with Self-Renewal and Transdifferentiation Properties......Page 45
Notch signaling......Page 48
Wnt signaling......Page 49
The Melanoma Stem Cell Niche......Page 50
The Role of Dormant Melanoma Stem Cells in Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance of Melanoma Stem Cells......Page 51
Summary and Future Questions......Page 53
REFERENCES......Page 55
4 Mammospheres and breast carcinoma......Page 61
The Basal-Like Phenotype in Normal Mammary Gland Stem Cells......Page 62
Genes Associated with the Basal-Like Phenotype: Understanding the Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype Regulation in Mammospheres......Page 63
Interleukin-6: A Predictable Link between Inflammation and Stem Cell Regulation......Page 64
SNAI2 Gene Expression in Basal/Stem Cell–Like Cells: An Unpredictable Link with Inflammation......Page 67
The Inflammatory/Hypoxic Profile in Mammary Gland Stem Cell Regulation......Page 68
Chemoresistance: A Consequence of the Upregulation of a Hypoxic Inflammatory Response Pathway in Stem Cells......Page 70
REFERENCES......Page 72
5 Preventative and therapeutic strategies for cancer stem cells......Page 80
Cell Lineages and Cancer......Page 81
Differentiation therapy......Page 82
Retinoic acid and differentiation therapy of teratocarcinomas......Page 83
Leukemia......Page 84
Chronic myeloid leukemia......Page 85
Acute promyeloid leukemia......Page 86
Acute myeloid leukemia......Page 87
Regrowth of leukemias......Page 88
Leukemic stem cells and response to therapy......Page 89
Cancer stem cells or quiescent (dormant) cancer cells......Page 90
Cancer Stem Cell–Directed Therapy......Page 99
Cancer stem cell signals......Page 100
Her-2/Neu......Page 101
Other cancers......Page 102
Delivery of iRNA......Page 103
Molecular inhibitors......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 106
6 Targeting acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells......Page 113
Identification of LSCs in Human Leukemias......Page 114
Cell of Origin......Page 115
Characteristics......Page 116
Phenotypic markers......Page 117
Molecular targets......Page 118
Other approaches......Page 120
LSCs and Clinical Implications......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 123
7 Hedgehog/GLI signaling in cancer......Page 129
Hedgehog/GLI Signal Transduction......Page 130
Hedgehog/GLI Signaling and Cancer Development......Page 133
Hedgehog/GLI Signaling in Stem and Cancer Stem Cells......Page 134
Inhibition of Hedgehog/GLI Signaling in Cancer Therapy......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 140
Notch Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells......Page 148
Notch Signaling Pathway......Page 149
Blockade of S1 cleavage......Page 152
Recombinant Notch extracellular domain protein......Page 153
Ubiquitination controls Notch protein expression......Page 154
Dominant-negative MAML1......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 156
9 TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt in normal and malignant stem cells: differentiating agents and epigenetic modulation......Page 159
TGF-β family signaling in embryonic stem (ES) cells......Page 160
TGF-β signaling in hematopoietic stem cells......Page 162
TGF-β signals in gastrointestinal tissues and cancers......Page 163
WNT SIGNALING......Page 164
NOTCH AND Msi......Page 166
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION AND STEM CELL AGING......Page 168
THE ENVIRONMENT, DIFFERENTIATING AGENTS, AND CANCER STEM CELLS......Page 171
CAN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IDENTIFY POISED LINEAGE-PREDICTING GENES IN CANCER STEM CELLS?......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 173
Index......Page 183