Cambridge International AS & A Level Business

Cover
Book title
Copyright
Contents
Introduction
AS: LEVEL
	1 Business and its environment
		1.1 Enterprise
			1.1.1 The nature of business activity
			1.1.2 The role of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs
			1.1.3 Business plans
		1.2 Business structure
			1.2.1 Economic sectors
			1.2.2 Business ownership
		1.3 Size of business
			1.3.1 Measurements of business size
			1.3.2 Significance of small businesses
			1.3.3 Business growth
		1.4 Business objectives
			1.4.1 Business objectives in the private sector and public sector
			1.4.2 Objectives and business decisions
		1.5 Stakeholders in a business
			1.5.1 Business stakeholders
			1.5.2 The relative importance and influence of stakeholders on business activities
	2 Human resource management
		2.1 Human resource management
			2.1.1 Purpose and roles of human resource management
			2.1.2 Workforce planning
			2.1.3 Recruitment and selection
			2.1.4 Redundancy and dismissal
			2.1.5 Morale and welfare
			2.1.6 Training and development
			2.1.7 Management and workforce relations
		2.2 Motivation
			2.2.1 Motivation as a tool for management and leadership
			2.2.2 Human needs
			2.2.3 Motivation theories
			2.2.4 Motivation methods in practice
		2.3 Management
			2.3.1 Management and managers
	3 Marketing
		3.1 The nature of marketing
			3.1.1 Role of marketing and its relationship with other business activities
			3.1.2 Demand and supply
			3.1.3 Markets
			3.1.4 Consumer and industrial marketing
			3.1.5 Mass marketing and niche marketing
			3.1.6 Market segmentation
			3.1.7 Customer-relationship marketing
		3.2 Market research
			3.2.1 Purposes of market research
			3.2.2 Primary research and secondary research
			3.2.3 Sampling
			3.2.4 Market research data
		3.3 The marketing mix
			3.3.1 Elements of the marketing mix
			3.3.2 Products
			3.3.3 Product portfolio analysis
			3.3.4 Pricing methods
			3.3.5 Promotion methods
			3.3.6 Place (channels of distribution)
	4 Operations management
		4.1 The nature of operations
			4.1.1 The transformational process
			4.1.2 Efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and sustainability
			4.1.3 Capital-intensive and labour-intensive operations
			4.1.4 Operations methods: job, batch, flow, mass customisation
		4.2 Inventory management
			4.2.1 Managing inventory
			4.2.2 Just in time
		4.3 Capacity utilisation and outsourcing
			4.3.1 Significance and measurement of capacity utilisation
			4.3.2 Outsourcing
	5 Finance and accounting
		5.1 Business finance
			5.1.1 The need for business finance
			5.1.2 Working capital
		5.2 Sources of finance
			5.2.1 Business ownership and sources of finance
			5.2.2 Internal and external sources of finance
			5.2.3 Factors affecting sources of finance
			5.2.4 Selecting the source of finance
		5.3 Forecasting and managing cash flows
			5.3.1 Cash-flow forecasts
		5.4 Costs
			5.4.1 Cost information
			5.4.2 Approaches to costing
			5.4.3 Uses of cost information
			5.4.4 Break-even analysis
		5.5 Budgets
			5.5.1 The meaning and purpose of budgets
			5.5.2 Variances
A: LEVEL
	6 Business and its environment
		6.1 External influences on business activity
			6.1.1 External influences on business activity: Political and legal
			6.1.2 External influences on business activity: Economic
			6.1.3 External influences on business activity: Social and demographic
			6.1.4 External influences on business activity: Technological
			6.1.5 External influences on business activity: Competitors and suppliers
			6.1.6 External influences on business activity: International
			6.1.7 External influences on business activity: Environmental
		6.2 Business strategy
			6.2.1 Developing business strategy
			6.2.2 Corporate planning and implementation
	7 Human resource management
		7.1 Organisational structure
			7.1.1 Relationship between business objectives and structure
			7.1.2 Types of structure
			7.1.3 Delegation and accountability
			7.1.4 Control, authority and trust
			7.1.5 Centralisation and decentralisation
			7.1.6 Line and staff
		7.2 Business communication
			7.2.1 Purposes of communication
			7.2.2 Methods of communication
			7.2.3 Channels of communication
			7.2.4 Barriers to communication
			7.2.5 Role of management in facilitating communication
		7.3 Leadership
			7.3.1 Leadership
			7.3.2 Theories of leadership
			7.3.3 Emotional intelligence/emotional quotient
		7.4 Human resource management strategy
			7.4.1 Approaches to human resource management
			7.4.2 Flexible workforces
			7.4.3 Measurement, causes and consequences of poor employee performance
			7.4.4 Strategies for improving employee performance
			7.4.5 Roles of IT and AI in human resource management
	8 Marketing
		8.1 Marketing analysis
			8.1.1 Elasticity
			8.1.2 Product development
			8.1.3 Sales forecasting
		8.2 Marketing strategy
			8.2.1 Planning the marketing strategy
			8.2.2 Approaches to marketing strategy
			8.2.3 Strategies for international marketing
	9 Operations management
		9.1 Location and scale
			9.1.1 Location
			9.1.2 Scale of operations
		9.2 Quality management
			9.2.1 Quality control and quality assurance
			9.2.2 Benchmarking
		9.3 Operations strategy
			9.3.1 Operations decisions
			9.3.2 Flexibility and innovation
			9.3.3 Enterprise resource planning
			9.3.4 Lean production
			9.3.5 Operations planning
	10 Finance and accounting
		10.1 Financial statements
			10.1.1 Statement of profit or loss
			10.1.2 Statement of financial position
			10.1.3 Inventory valuation
			10.1.4 Depreciation
		10.2 Analysis of published accounts
			10.2.1 Liquidity ratios
			10.2.2 Profitability ratios
			10.2.3 Financial efficiency ratios
			10.2.4 Gearing ratios
			10.2.5 Investment ratios
		10.3 Investment appraisal
			10.3.1 The concept of investment appraisal
			10.3.2 Basic methods
			10.3.3 Discounted cash-flow methods
			10.3.4 Investment appraisal decisions
		10.4 Finance and accounting strategy
			10.4.1 Using accounting data to enable strategic decision-making
			10.4.2 Using accounting data and ratio analysis in strategic decision-making
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	Z
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