California: An Interpretive History

Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Map
Contents
Preface
Dedication
PART ONE CALIFORNIA BEGINNINGS
	Chapter 1 Geography and History
		The Origins of California
		Regional Diversity
		The Climates of California
	Chapter 2 The Original Californians11
		Food and Population
		Aspects of Material Culture
		Location, Linguistic Groups, Tribes
		Social Culture
	Chapter 3 European Exploration and Founding
		The Finding and Naming of California
		Cabrillo and Alta California
		Francis Drake and Nova Albion
		The Manila Galleon and the California Coast
		Vizcaíno and Monterey
		Spain’s Indian Policies
		The Mission as a Frontier Institution"
		Gálvez and the Plan for Alta California
		The Franciscans and Father Serra
		The Sacred Expedition
	Chapter 4 Outposts of a Dying Empire
		Bucareli, Anza, and the Founding of San Francisco
		Neve and the Pueblos of San José and Los Angeles
		Native Resistance
		The Impact of the Missions
		Attempts at Reinforcement
		Exploration of the Central Valley
		The Coming of the Russians
		The Last Years under the Spanish Flag
	Chapter 5 A Marginal Province of a Troubled Republic
		Government and Politics in Theory and Practice
		The Secularization Problem
		From Echeandía to Figueroa
		Figueroa and Secularization
		Alvarado and Provincial Autonomy
		The Heyday of the Rancheros
	Chapter 6 American Infiltration
		The Yankee Traders
		The Beaver Trappers
		Early Settlers
		Covered Wagons, 1841 to 1846
PART TWO THE RUSH FOR RICHES
	Chapter 7 The American Conquest
		Overtures, Diplomatic and Undiplomatic
		Plans of the Polk Administration
		John Charles Frémont
		The Bear Flag Revolt
		The Mexican War and California
	Chapter 8 The Gold Rush and Economic Development
		Marshall’s Discovery at Sutter’s Mill
		The Forty-Eighters
		The Forty-Niners
		The Diggings
		Early Mining Methods
		Mining Camp Law
		From an Adventure to a Profession
		An Economic Multiplier
		The Historical Significance of the Gold Rush
	Chapter 9 A New State and Frontier Politics
		Military Governments
		The Constitutional Convention and Its Problems
		The First Legislature
		The Admission of California to the Union
		The Feud between Broderick and Gwin
		Movements for State Division
		California and the Civil War
	Chapter 10 Crime and Punishment
		The Nature of Vigilantism
		The Hounds in San Francisco
		The San Francisco Committee of 1851
		Statewide Vigilance
		The San Francisco Committee of 1856
	Chapter 11 Racial Oppression and Conflict
		Treatment of Mexican Miners
		Land-Title Troubles
		The Act of 1851 and the Land Commission
		Early Discrimination against the Chinese
		The “Indian Question”
		Episodes in Extermination
		Decline and Exploitation
		Blacks Enslaved and Free
	Chapter 12 Culture and Anarchy
		Newspapers and Literary Magazines
		Writers of the Fifties
		Bret Harte
		Mark Twain
		Joaquin Miller
		Ina Coolbrith
		Churches and Schools
PART THREE THE RAILROAD ERA
	Chapter 13 Building the Central Pacific Railroad
		Early Transportation
		Judah and the Conception of the Central Pacific
		Enter the Four “Associates”
		Federal and State Support
		Difficulties and the Death of Judah
		Solving the Problems of Construction
	Chapter 14 The “Terrible Seventies”
		The Onset of Depression
		Transportation Monopoly
		Land Monopoly
		The Comstock and Overspeculation
	Chapter 15 Political Turmoil and a New Constitution
		The Increase of Anti-Chinese Sentiment
		The Workingmen’s Party of California
		The Constitution of 1879
		The Frustration of Reform
		Chinese Exclusion and Segregation
	Chapter 16 Economic Growth
		The Wheat Bonanza
		Wines
		The Citrus Industry
		The Rise of Southern California
		Water and Land
		Electric Railways and Urbanization
	Chapter 17 Culture and Oligarchy
		Henry George
		Ambrose Bierce
		Frank Norris
		Jack London
		Hubert Howe Bancroft
		Lords of the Press
		The Arts and Architecture
		Schools, Colleges, and Universities
	Chapter 18 Politics in the Era of Railroad Domination
		The Colton Letters
		The Huntington-Stanford Feud
		Los Angeles Fights for a Free Harbor
		The Funding Bill
		The Southern Pacific Machine
		William F. Herrin
		Failure of Nineteenth-Century Reform Movements
PART FOUR MODERNIZATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS
	Chapter 19 Labor and Capital
		Backgrounds of the California Labor Movement
		The Rise of Unions in San Francisco
		The Triumph of the Open Shop in Los Angeles
		Agricultural Labor: Unorganized and Disfranchised
		The IWW
	Chapter 20 The Roots of Reform
		Boss Ruef and the Union Labor Party
		The San Francisco Graft Prosecution
		The Good Government Movement in Los Angeles
		The Lincoln-Roosevelt League
	Chapter 21 The Republican Progressives in Power
		Regulation, Efficiency, and Finance
		Political Reform
		Woman Suffrage
		Public Morals
		The Progressives and Labor
		The Anti-Japanese Movement
		The Decline of Progressivism
	Chapter 22 The Triumph of Conservatism
		The Rise and Fall of the Socialist Movement
		The Mooney Case
		The Criminal Syndicalism Law
		The Decline of Organized Labor
		The Collapse of the Democratic Party
		The Continuing Decline of Republican Progressivism
		The Federal Plan for Reapportionment
	Chapter 23 New Industries for Southern California
		Origins of the Oil Industry
		The Oil Boom of the Twenties
		The Automobile Revolution
		The Movies Discover California
		The Rise of “The Industry”
	Chapter 24 Controversies over Land and Water
		The Yosemite and John Muir
		The Hetch Hetchy Controversy
		The Owens Valley–Los Angeles Aqueduct
		The Boulder Canyon Project
		The Colorado River Aqueduct
		The Central Valley Project
		The 160-Acre Limit
PART FIVE THE STATE AND THE NATION
	Chapter 25 The Great Depression
		“Sunny Jim”
		Social Messiahs
		Depression and Deportation
		Labor Strife
		Upton Sinclair and EPIC
		From Merriam to Olson
	Chapter 26 Cultural Trends
		Robinson Jeffers
		John Steinbeck
		William Saroyan and Other Writers
		William Randolph Hearst and Other Journalists
		The Arts
		Architecture
	Chapter 27 Wartime Growth and Problems
		The Impact of Federal Spending
		Wartime Shipyards
		“Americans All”
		The Rise of the Aircraft Industry
		The Relocation of Japanese Americans
	Chapter 28 Politics California Style
		Nonpartisanship Favors the Republicans
		Filling the Void
		The Governorship of Earl Warren
		The Spurious Issue of “Loyalty”
		The Governorship of Edmund G. Brown
		Extremists, Right and Left
	Chapter 29 Industrialized Agriculture and Disorganized Labor
		Green Gold
		The Empire of Agribusiness
		“Farm Fascism” in the 1930s
		The Rise and Fall of the Bracero Program
		Unionization Breaks Through
		Equal Protection of the Laws
	Chapter 30 Diversity and Conflict
		California Indians
		Asians
		African Americans
		Latinos
		Gender Matters
PART SIX THE CHALLENGE OF CALIFORNIA
	Chapter 31 A Season of Discontent
		The Growth Rate: Peak and Slowdown
		Transportation
		Reapportionment
		Education
		Campus Turmoil
		The Hippie Movement
		Black Radicalism
		The Decline of Radicalism
	Chapter 32 Culture and Identity
		Literature
		Painting and Sculpture
		Architecture
		Music
	Chapter 33 Recent California Politics
		The Conservative Revival
		The Era of Limits and Beyond
		The Politics of Resentment
		The Perils of Moderation
		The Politics of Personality
	Chapter 34 The Environment and Energy
		Regional Protection
		Biodiversity
		Growth Control
		Air Pollution and Global Warming
		Water Resources
		Toxic Wastes
		Renewable Energy
		Nuclear Power
		Petroleum Dependency
	Chapter 35 The New California Economy
		The Sunbelt Shift
		The Pacific Rim
		Post-Industrialism
		High Technology
		The Internet Revolution
		The Arsenal of America
		Tourism
		Entertainment
		Agriculture
	Chapter 36 Contemporary California Society
		Transportation
		Housing
		Education
		Health Care
		Criminal Justice
		The New Californians
Index