C++ How to Program, 8th Edition

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction to Computers and C++
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Computers: Hardware and Software
	1.3 Data Hierarchy
	1.4 Computer Organization
	1.5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages
	1.6 Introduction to Object Technology
	1.7 Operating Systems
	1.8 Programming Languages
	1.9 C++ and a Typical C++ Development Environment
	1.10 Test-Driving a C++ Application
	1.11 Web 2.0: Going Social
	1.12 Software Technologies
	1.13 Future of C++: TR1, the New C++ Standard and the Open Source Boost Libraries
	1.14 Keeping Up-to-Date with Information Technologies
	1.15 Wrap-Up
2 Introduction to C++ Programming
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Text
	2.3 Modifying Our First C++ Program
	2.4 Another C++ Program: Adding Integers
	2.5 Memory Concepts
	2.6 Arithmetic
	2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators
	2.8 Wrap-Up
3 Introduction to Classes, Objects and Strings
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Defining a Class with a Member Function
	3.3 Defining a Member Function with a Parameter
	3.4 Data Members, set Functions and get Functions
	3.5 Initializing Objects with Constructors
	3.6 Placing a Class in a Separate File for Reusability
	3.7 Separating Interface from Implementation
	3.8 Validating Data with set Functions
	3.9 Wrap-Up
	4 Control Statements: Part 1
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Algorithms
	4.3 Pseudocode
	4.4 Control Structures
	4.5 if Selection Statement
	4.6 if…else Double-Selection Statement
	4.7 while Repetition Statement
	4.8 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition
	4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition
	4.10 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements
	4.11 Assignment Operators
	4.12 Increment and Decrement Operators
	4.13 Wrap-Up
5 Control Statements: Part2
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition
	5.3 for Repetition Statement
	5.4 Examples Using the for Statement
	5.5 do…while Repetition Statement
	5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement
	5.7 break and continue Statements
	5.8 Logical Operators
	5.9 Confusing the Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators
	5.10 Structured Programming Summary
	5.11 Wrap-Up
6 Functions and an Introduction to Recursion
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Program Components in C++
	6.3 Math Library Functions
	6.4 Function Definitions with Multiple Parameters
	6.5 Function Prototypes and Argument Coercion
	6.6 C++ Standard Library Headers
	6.7 Case Study: Random Number Generation
	6.8 Case Study: Game of Chance; Introducing enum
	6.9 Storage Classes
	6.10 Scope Rules
	6.11 Function Call Stack and Activation Records
	6.12 Functions with Empty Parameter Lists
	6.13 Inline Functions
	6.14 References and Reference Parameters
	6.15 Default Arguments
	6.16 Unary Scope Resolution Operator
	6.17 Function Overloading
	6.18 Function Templates
	6.19 Recursion
	6.20 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series
	6.21 Recursion vs. Iteration
	6.22 Wrap-Up
7 Arrays and Vectors
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Arrays
	7.3 Declaring Arrays
	7.4 Examples Using Arrays
		7.4.1 Declaring an Array and Using a Loop to Initialize the Array\'s Elements
		7.4.2 Initializing an Array in a Declaration with an Initializer List
		7.4.3 Specifying an Array\'s Size with a Constant Variable and Setting Array Elements with Calculations
		7.4.4 Summing the Elements of an Array
		7.4.5 Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphically
		7.4.6 Using the Elements of an Array as Counters
		7.4.7 Using Arrays to Summarize Survey Results
		7.4.8 Static Local Arrays and Automatic Local Arrays
	7.5 Passing Arrays to Functions
	7.6 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades
	7.7 Searching Arrays with Linear Search
	7.8 Sorting Arrays with Insertion Sort
	7.9 Multidimensional Arrays
	7.10 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array
	7.11 Introduction to C++ Standard Library Class Template vector
	7.12 Wrap-Up
8 Pointers
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization
	8.3 Pointer Operators
	8.4 Pass-by-Reference with Pointers
	8.5 Using const with Pointers
	8.6 Selection Sort Using Pass-by-Reference
	8.7 sizeof Operator
	8.8 Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic
	8.9 Relationship Between Pointers and Arrays
	8.10 Pointer-Based String Processing
	8.11 Arrays of Pointers
	8.12 Function Pointers
	8.13 Wrap-Up
	9 Classes: A Deeper Look, Part 1
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Time Class Case Study
	9.3 Class Scope and Accessing Class Members
	9.4 Separating Interface from Implementation
	9.5 Access Functions and Utility Functions
	9.6 Time Class Case Study: Constructors with Default Arguments
	9.7 Destructors
	9.8 When Constructors and Destructors Are Called
	9.9 Time Class Case Study: A Subtle Trap—Returning a Reference to a private Data Member
	9.10 Default Memberwise Assignment
	9.11 Wrap-Up
	10 Classes: A Deeper Look, Part 2
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 const (Constant) Objects and const Member Functions
	10.3 Composition: Objects as Members of Classes
	10.4 friend Functions and friend Classes
	10.5 Using the this Pointer
	10.6 static Class Members
	10.7 Proxy Classes
	10.8 Wrap-Up
11 Operator Overloading; Class string
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Using the Overloaded Operators of Standard Library Class string
	11.3 Fundamentals of Operator Overloading
	11.4 Overloading Binary Operators
	11.5 Overloading the Binary Stream Insertion and Stream Extraction Operators
	11.6 Overloading Unary Operators
	11.7 Overloading the Unary Prefix and Postfix ++ and -- Operators
	11.8 Case Study: A Date Class
	11.9 Dynamic Memory Management
	11.10 Case Study: Array Class
		11.10.1 Using the Array Class
		11.10.2 Array Class Definition
	11.11 Operators as Member Functions vs. Non-Member Functions
	11.12 Converting between Types
	11.13 explicit Constructors
	11.14 Building a String Class
	11.15 Wrap-Up
12 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes
	12.3 protected Members
	12.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes
		12.4.1 Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class
		12.4.2 Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class Without Using Inheritance
		12.4.3 Creating a CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy
		12.4.4 CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Data
		12.4.5 CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Data
	12.5 Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes
	12.6 public, protected and private Inheritance
	12.7 Software Engineering with Inheritance
	12.8 Wrap-Up
13 Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Introduction to Polymorphism: Polymorphic Video Game
	13.3 Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchy
		13.3.1 Invoking Base-Class Functions from Derived-Class Objects
		13.3.2 Aiming Derived-Class Pointers at Base-Class Objects
		13.3.3 Derived-Class Member-Function Calls via Base-Class Pointers
		13.3.4 Virtual Functions
	13.4 Type Fields and switch Statements
	13.5 Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functions
	13.6 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism
		13.6.1 Creating Abstract Base Class Employee
		13.6.2 Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee
		13.6.3 Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee
		13.6.4 Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class BasePlusCommissionEmployee
		13.6.5 Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing
	13.7 (Optional) Polymorphism, Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding \"Under the Hood\"
	13.8 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism and Runtime Type Information with Downcasting, dynamic_cast, typeid and type_info
	13.9 Virtual Destructors
	13.10 Wrap-Up
14 Templates
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Function Templates
	14.3 Overloading Function Templates
	14.4 Class Templates
	14.5 Nontype Parameters and Default Types for Class Templates
	14.6 Wrap-Up
15 Stream Input/Output
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Streams
		15.2.1 Classic Streams vs. Standard Streams
		15.2.2 iostream Library Headers
		15.2.3 Stream Input/Output Classes and Objects
	15.3 Stream Output
		15.3.1 Output of char * Variables
		15.3.2 Character Output Using Member Function put
	15.4 Stream Input
		15.4.1 get and getline Member Functions
		15.4.2 istream Member Functions peek, putback and ignore
		15.4.3 Type-Safe I/O
	15.5 Unformatted I/O Using read, write and gcount
	15.6 Introduction to Stream Manipulators
		15.6.1 Integral Stream Base: dec, oct, hex and setbase
		15.6.2 Floating-Point Precision (precision, setprecision)
		15.6.3 Field Width (width, setw)
		15.6.4 User-Defined Output Stream Manipulators
	15.7 Stream Format States and Stream Manipulators
		15.7.1 Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points (showpoint)
		15.7.2 Justification (left, right and internal)
		15.7.3 Padding (fill, setfill)
		15.7.4 Integral Stream Base (dec, oct, hex, showbase)
		15.7.5 Floating-Point Numbers; Scientific and Fixed Notation (scientific, fixed)
		15.7.6 Uppercase/Lowercase Control (uppercase)
		15.7.7 Specifying Boolean Format (boolalpha)
		15.7.8 Setting and Resetting the Format State via Member Function flags
	15.8 Stream Error States
	15.9 Tying an Output Stream to an Input Stream
	15.10 Wrap-Up
16 Exception Handling: A Deeper Look
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Example: Handling an Attempt to Divide by Zero
	16.3 When to Use Exception Handling
	16.4 Rethrowing an Exception
	16.5 Exception Specifications
	16.6 Processing Unexpected Exceptions
	16.7 Stack Unwinding
	16.8 Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling
	16.9 Exceptions and Inheritance
	16.10 Processing new Failures
	16.11 Class unique_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation
	16.12 Standard Library Exception Hierarchy
	16.13 Wrap-Up
17 File Processing
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Files and Streams
	17.3 Creating a Sequential File
	17.4 Reading Data from a Sequential File
	17.5 Updating Sequential Files
	17.6 Random-Access Files
	17.7 Creating a Random-Access File
	17.8 Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access File
	17.9 Reading from a Random-Access File Sequentially
	17.10 Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Program
	17.11 Object Serialization
	17.12 Wrap-Up
18 Class string and String Stream Processing
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 string Assignment and Concatenation
	18.3 Comparing strings
	18.4 Substrings
	18.5 Swapping strings
	18.6 string Characteristics
	18.7 Finding Substrings and Characters in a string
	18.8 Replacing Characters in a string
	18.9 Inserting Characters into a string
	18.10 Conversion to C-Style Pointer-Based char * Strings
	18.11 Iterators
	18.12 String Stream Processing
	18.13 Wrap-Up
19 Searching and Sorting
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Searching Algorithms
		19.2.1 Efficiency of Linear Search
		19.2.2 Binary Search
	19.3 Sorting Algorithms
		19.3.1 Efficiency of Selection Sort
		19.3.2 Efficiency of Insertion Sort
		19.3.3 Merge Sort (A Recursive Implementation)
	19.4 Wrap-Up
20 Custom Templatized Data Structures
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Self-Referential Classes
	20.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation and Data Structures
	20.4 Linked Lists
	20.5 Stacks
	20.6 Queues
	20.7 Trees
	20.8 Wrap-Up
21 Bits, Characters, C Strings and structs
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Structure Definitions
	21.3 typedef
	21.4 Example: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation
	21.5 Bitwise Operators
	21.6 Bit Fields
	21.7 Character-Handling Library
	21.8 Pointer-Based String Manipulation Functions
	21.9 Pointer-Based String-Conversion Functions
	21.10 Search Functions of the Pointer-Based String-Handling Library
	21.11 Memory Functions of the Pointer-Based String-Handling Library
	21.12 Wrap-Up
22 Standard Template Library (STL)
	22.1 Introduction to the Standard Template Library (STL)
	22.2 Introduction to Containers
	22.3 Introduction to Iterators
	22.4 Introduction to Algorithms
	22.5 Sequence Containers
		22.5.1 vector Sequence Container
		22.5.2 list Sequence Container
		22.5.3 deque Sequence Container
	22.6 Associative Containers
		22.6.1 multiset Associative Container
		22.6.2 set Associative Container
		22.6.3 multimap Associative Container
		22.6.4 map Associative Container
	22.7 Container Adapters
		22.7.1 stack Adapter
		22.7.2 queue Adapter
		22.7.3 priority_queue Adapter
	22.8 Algorithms
		22.8.1 fill, fill_n, generate and generate_n
		22.8.2 equal, mismatch and lexicographical_compare
		22.8.3 remove, remove_if, remove_copy and remove_copy_if
		22.8.4 replace, replace_if, replace_copy and replace_copy_if
		22.8.5 Mathematical Algorithms
		22.8.6 Basic Searching and Sorting Algorithms
		22.8.7 swap, iter_swap and swap_ranges
		22.8.8 copy_backward, merge, unique and reverse
		22.8.9 inplace_merge, unique_copy and reverse_copy
		22.8.10 Set Operations
		22.8.11 lower_bound, upper_bound and equal_range
		22.8.12 Heapsort
		22.8.13 min and max
		22.8.14 STL Algorithms Not Covered in This Chapter
	22.9 Class bitset
	22.10 Function Objects
	22.11 Wrap-Up
23 Boost Libraries, Technical Report 1 and C++0x
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Deitel Online C++ and Related Resource Centers
	23.3 Boost Libraries
	23.4 Boost Libraries Overview
	23.5 Regular Expressions with the regex Library
		23.5.1 Regular Expression Example
		23.5.2 Validating User Input with Regular Expressions
		23.5.3 Replacing and Splitting Strings
	23.6 Smart Pointers
		23.6.1 Reference Counted shared_ptr
		23.6.2 weak_ptr: shared_ptr Observer
	23.7 Technical Report 1
	23.8 C++0x
	23.9 Core Language Changes
	23.10 Wrap-Up
24 Other Topics
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 const_cast Operator
	24.3 mutable Class Members
	24.4 namespaces
	24.5 Operator Keywords
	24.6 Pointers to Class Members (.* and ->*)
	24.7 Multiple Inheritance
	24.8 Multiple Inheritance and virtual Base Classes
	24.9 Wrap-Up
Chapters on the Web
A: Operator Precedence and Associativity
B: ASCII Character Set
C: Fundamental Types
D: Number Systems
	D.1 Introduction
	D.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers
	D.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers
	D.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal
	D.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal
	D.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two\'s Complement Notation
E: Preprocessor
	E.1 Introduction
	E.2 #include Preprocessor Directive
	E.3 #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants
	E.4 #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros
	E.5 Conditional Compilation
	E.6 #error and #pragma Preprocessor Directives
	E.7 Operators # and ##
	E.8 Predefined Symbolic Constants
	E.9 Assertions
	E.10 Wrap-Up
Appendices on the Web
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
25 ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
	25.3 Examining the ATM Requirements Document
	25.4 Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document
	25.5 Identifying Class Attributes
	25.6 Identifying Objects\' States and Activities
	25.7 Identifying Class Operations
	25.8 Indicating Collaboration Among Objects
	25.9 Wrap-Up
26 ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System
	26.3 Incorporating Inheritance into the ATM System
	26.4 ATM Case Study Implementation
		26.4.1 Class ATM
		26.4.2 Class Screen
		26.4.3 Class Keypad
		26.4.4 Class CashDispenser
		26.4.5 Class DepositSlot
		26.4.6 Class Account
		26.4.7 Class BankDatabase
		26.4.8 Class Transaction
		26.4.9 Class BalanceInquiry
		26.4.10 Class Withdrawal
		26.4.11 Class Deposit
		26.4.12 Test Program ATMCaseStudy.cpp
	26.5 Wrap-Up
F: C Legacy Code Topics
	F.1 Introduction
	F.2 Redirecting Input/Output on UNIX/Linux/Mac OS X and Windows Systems
	F.3 Variable-Length Argument Lists
	F.4 Using Command-Line Arguments
	F.5 Notes on Compiling Multiple-Source-File Programs
	F.6 Program Termination with exit and atexit
	F.7 Type Qualifier volatile
	F.8 Suffixes for Integer and Floating-Point Constants
	F.9 Signal Handling
	F.10 Dynamic Memory Allocation with calloc and realloc
	F.11 Unconditional Branch: goto
	F.12 Unions
	F.13 Linkage Specifications
	F.14 Wrap-Up
G: UML 2: Additional Diagram Types
	G.1 Introduction
	G.2 Additional Diagram Types
H: Using the Visual Studio Debugger
	H.1 Introduction
	H.2 Breakpoints and the Continue Command
	H.3 Locals and Watch Windows
	H.4 Controlling Execution Using the Step Into, Step Over, Step Out and Continue Commands
	H.5 Autos Window
	H.6 Wrap-Up
I: Using the GNU C++ Debugger
	I.1 Introduction
	I.2 Breakpoints and the run, stop, continue and print Commands
	I.3 print and set Commands
	I.4 Controlling Execution Using the step, finish and next Commands
	I.5 watch Command
	I.6 Wrap-Up